100+ Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

State in React is a JavaScript object that stores component data and determines how the component renders and behaves.

• State is mutable and can be updated using the setState() method.

• State should be used for data that will change over time and affect the component's rendering.

• State should not be directly modified, as React may not re-render the component correctly.

The Present LPA refers to the current annual salary of the individual.

• Present LPA stands for Present Last Payable Amount.

• It is the current annual salary of the individual.

• It is important for employers to know the Present LPA of potential employees to determine salary expectations.

• Candidates can negotiate their salary based on their Present LPA.

The expected LPA (Lakhs Per Annum) is the average annual salary that an engineer can expect to earn.

• The expected LPA can vary based on factors such as experience, education, industry, and location.

• For example, a fresh graduate engineer may have an expected LPA of 3-6 lakhs, while a senior engineer with years of experience may have an expected LPA of 10-20 lakhs.

• Engineers working in industries like IT or oil and gas tend to have higher expected LPA compared to engineers in oth...read more

Automotive development in growing world is driven by advancements in technology, sustainability, and connectivity.

• Advancements in technology such as electric vehicles, autonomous driving, and connected cars are shaping the future of automotive development.

• Sustainability is a key focus with the shift towards eco-friendly vehicles like hybrid and electric cars.

• Connectivity features like IoT, AI, and smart sensors are enhancing safety, convenience, and efficiency in vehicles.

• Eme...read more

Java is a high-level programming language used for developing applications. OOPs is a programming paradigm based on objects.

• Java is platform-independent and can run on any device with a JVM.

• OOPs concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding data and methods within a class.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms.

• Abstr...read more

The clutch housing is typically assembled in the transmission assembly area of an automotive manufacturing plant.

• The clutch housing is a component of the transmission system in a vehicle.

• It is usually assembled along with other transmission components such as gears, shafts, and bearings.

• The assembly process may involve the use of specialized tools and equipment.

• The location of the assembly area may vary depending on the specific manufacturing plant.

• For example, in a car manuf...read more

A database is a collection of data that is organized in a way that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.

• A database can be relational or non-relational

• Examples of databases include MySQL, Oracle, MongoDB

• Data is stored in tables or documents

• Queries can be used to retrieve specific data

Excitation starts by applying a voltage to the field winding of the generator.

• Excitation starts by applying a voltage to the field winding of the generator.

• This voltage creates a magnetic field in the generator's rotor.

• The magnetic field induces a voltage in the stator windings, which generates electricity.

• Excitation can be achieved through various methods such as self-excitation, separate excitation, or permanent magnet excitation.

The E48 turbine uses optical communication for data transmission.

• Optical communication involves using light to transmit data instead of electrical signals.

• Fiber optic cables are commonly used in optical communication for their high bandwidth and low interference.

• Optical communication in the E48 turbine may be used for monitoring and controlling various parameters such as temperature, pressure, and speed.

The density of carbon steel is 7850 kg/m3.

• Carbon steel is a commonly used material in construction and manufacturing.

• The density of carbon steel can vary depending on the specific alloy and composition.

• The high density of carbon steel makes it a durable and strong material for various applications.

Manpower can be effectively handled by proper planning, communication, training, and motivation.

• Develop a clear organizational structure and hierarchy

• Communicate effectively with employees to ensure understanding of roles and responsibilities

• Provide necessary training and development opportunities to enhance skills and knowledge

• Motivate employees through recognition, rewards, and a positive work environment

Manpower can be handled by effective communication, delegation, training, and motivation.

• Effective communication is key to ensure everyone is on the same page and understands their roles and responsibilities.

• Delegation of tasks based on individual strengths and skills can help in maximizing productivity.

• Providing training and development opportunities can improve skills and knowledge within the team.

• Motivating employees through recognition, rewards, and a positive work enviro...read more

A simple code in C language can be a program to print 'Hello, World!' on the screen.

• Use the 'printf' function to print the text on the screen.

• Include the 'stdio.h' header file for input/output operations.

• Write the code within the 'main' function for execution.

To improve Performance Ratio, focus on optimizing system efficiency, reducing losses, and maximizing output.

• Optimize system design and operation to increase efficiency

• Reduce losses through better maintenance and monitoring

• Maximize output by utilizing advanced technologies and techniques

Capacity utilization factor is a measure of how much of a system's capacity is being utilized.

• Capacity utilization factor is calculated by dividing the actual output by the maximum possible output.

• It is often expressed as a percentage.

• A high capacity utilization factor indicates efficient use of resources, while a low factor may suggest underutilization or inefficiency.

• For example, if a factory has a maximum output of 100 units per day and is producing 80 units per day, the c...read more

Stress is a physical or emotional strain on the body or mind caused by external or internal factors.

• Stress can be caused by work pressure, financial problems, relationship issues, illness, etc.

• It can lead to physical symptoms such as headaches, muscle tension, and fatigue.

• It can also cause emotional symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and irritability.

• Managing stress through exercise, relaxation techniques, and seeking support can improve overall health and well-being.

Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from acquisition to use or disposal.

• Involves planning, organizing, and controlling materials

• Ensures materials are available when needed

• Optimizes inventory levels to minimize costs

• Tracks and monitors material usage and waste

• Coordinates with suppliers for timely delivery

A gear module is the unit of measurement used to define the size of a gear tooth.

• Gear module is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth in the gear.

• It is used to determine the size and spacing of gear teeth.

• Common gear modules include 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, etc.

Bus off is a state where a node on a bus is disabled due to errors. I2C and SPI are different communication protocols used in electronics.

• Bus off is a state in CAN bus where a node is disabled due to errors.

• I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a synchronous serial communication protocol commonly used for communication between integrated circuits.

• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is another synchronous serial communication protocol used for communication between microcontrollers ...read more

Yes, I am flexible to relocate to Greater Noida.

• I am open to relocating for the right opportunity.

• I have relocated for previous jobs and have had positive experiences.

• I am excited about the prospect of working in Greater Noida and exploring new opportunities there.

Improving plant PR involves enhancing communication, community engagement, and sustainability efforts.

• Enhance communication with stakeholders through regular updates and transparent information sharing.

• Engage with the local community through events, workshops, and outreach programs to build positive relationships.

• Implement sustainable practices and showcase environmental initiatives to improve public perception.

• Utilize social media and online platforms to share plant updates,...read more

GHI stands for Gross Heating Input, GTI stands for Gross Thermal Efficiency, and GPR stands for Gross Production Rate.

• GHI is a measure of the total heat input to a system or appliance.

• GTI is a measure of the efficiency of converting input energy into useful output energy.

• GPR is a measure of the rate at which a system or appliance produces a certain output.

The process of manufacturing Mahindra tractors involves various stages and technologies.

• Mahindra tractors are manufactured using advanced engineering techniques.

• The manufacturing process includes designing, prototyping, and testing.

• Components like engine, transmission, chassis, and body are assembled.

• Quality control measures are implemented to ensure reliability and durability.

• Final tractors undergo rigorous testing before being ready for sale.

Crankshafts are typically assembled in engine manufacturing plants.

• Crankshafts are assembled in engine manufacturing plants.

• The assembly process involves fitting the crankshaft into the engine block.

• The assembly may also include attaching connecting rods and bearings to the crankshaft.

• Engine manufacturers like Ford, General Motors, and Toyota have their own assembly plants.

Performance ratio is a metric used to evaluate the efficiency of a system or process in achieving its intended goals.

• Performance ratio is calculated by dividing the actual output by the expected output.

• It is commonly used in the field of renewable energy to assess the efficiency of solar panels or wind turbines.

• A performance ratio of 1 indicates that the system is performing exactly as expected, while a ratio greater than 1 suggests overperformance and a ratio less than 1 ind...read more

DFIG technology stands for doubly fed induction generator, which is a type of wind turbine generator system.

• DFIG technology uses a wound rotor induction generator with a partial-scale power converter to control the rotor current.

• The power converter allows for variable speed operation and improved efficiency.

• DFIG technology is commonly used in modern wind turbines to maximize energy capture and grid stability.

• It allows for better control of the generator output and integration...read more

An induction motor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

• Induction motor has a stator and a rotor.

• When AC current is passed through the stator windings, a rotating magnetic field is produced.

• The rotating magnetic field induces currents in the rotor windings, causing it to rotate.

• The rotor speed is slightly less than the speed of the rotating magnetic field, known as slip.

• Commonly used in appliances, pumps, fans...read more

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction

• They have two coils - primary and secondary

• The primary coil is connected to a source of alternating current

• This alternating current creates a changing magnetic field

• The changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil

• The voltage in the secondary coil is proportional to the turns ...read more

Communication Protocol is a set of rules that allows two or more entities to communicate with each other.

• Communication protocols define the format, timing, sequencing, and error checking of data transmission.

• Examples include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

• Protocols can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both.

• They ensure that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently between devices.

The PTO housing is typically assembled in the manufacturing facility where the engine or transmission is produced.

• The PTO housing is usually assembled in the same facility where the engine or transmission is manufactured.

• It is common for the PTO housing to be assembled on the production line along with other components of the engine or transmission.

• The exact location of assembly may vary depending on the specific manufacturing process and company.

• For example, in a car manufac...read more

An oscillator circuit generates a continuous output signal without any input signal.

• An oscillator typically consists of an amplifier and a feedback network.

• Common types of oscillators include LC oscillators, crystal oscillators, and relaxation oscillators.

• Example: A simple LC oscillator circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor connected in parallel with an amplifier.

Thermo-Mechanically Treated

• TMT stands for Thermo-Mechanically Treated

• It is a process of treating steel bars to enhance their strength and durability

• TMT bars are commonly used in construction for reinforcement

Friction is the resistance encountered when one object is moved in contact with another. Lubrication is the process of reducing friction between surfaces in contact.

• Friction is the force that opposes the motion of one surface over another.

• Lubrication involves using a substance to reduce friction between surfaces in contact.

• Friction can be both beneficial (e.g. providing traction for walking) and detrimental (e.g. causing wear and tear on machinery).

• Examples of lubricants incl...read more

A latch machine is a digital circuit that stores data and can be used for memory and data storage applications.

• A latch machine is a type of flip-flop circuit that can store a single bit of data.

• It can be used for memory and data storage applications.

• It is commonly used in digital systems such as computers and microcontrollers.

• Examples of latch machines include D-latch, SR-latch, and JK-latch.

Yes, I am comfortable with Greater Noida location.

• I have previous experience working in Greater Noida.

• I have researched the area and feel comfortable with the location.

• I am willing to relocate if necessary.

Axiscades clients include aerospace, defense, automotive, industrial, and healthcare industries.

• Aerospace industry clients

• Defense industry clients

• Automotive industry clients

• Industrial sector clients

• Healthcare industry clients

Creating a table using SQL query

• Use CREATE TABLE statement

• Specify table name and column names along with data types

• Add any constraints like primary key or foreign key if needed

BMD and SFD are graphical representations of internal forces in a structure. Portal frames are commonly used in construction.

• Identify the support conditions and loads on the portal frame

• Calculate the reactions at the supports

• Draw the SFD by plotting the vertical forces at each section of the frame

• Draw the BMD by plotting the moment at each section of the frame

• Label the maximum and minimum values on the diagrams

CFM stands for cubic feet per minute, a unit of measurement for airflow in ventilation systems.

• CFM is used to measure the volume of air that is moved by a fan or ventilation system in one minute.

• The formula to calculate CFM is: CFM = (Air velocity in feet per minute) x (Cross-sectional area of the duct in square feet)

• For example, if a fan has an air velocity of 100 feet per minute and the duct has a cross-sectional area of 2 square feet, the CFM would be 200.

To improve PLF, focus on optimizing equipment performance, reducing downtime, and increasing operational efficiency.

• Regular maintenance and servicing of equipment to ensure optimal performance

• Implementing predictive maintenance techniques to reduce downtime

• Investing in automation and technology to increase operational efficiency

• Training staff on best practices and efficient operation of equipment

• Monitoring and analyzing data to identify areas for improvement

DC-DC converters are used to convert one DC voltage level to another, commonly used in power supplies and battery-powered devices.

• DC-DC converters are used to step up or step down voltage levels

• They are commonly used in power supplies for electronic devices

• They are also used in battery-powered devices to regulate voltage levels

• Examples include buck converters, boost converters, and buck-boost converters

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

• Viscosity is the internal friction of a moving fluid.

• It is the property that determines how easily a fluid can flow.

• Higher viscosity fluids flow more slowly than lower viscosity fluids.

• Examples of high viscosity fluids include honey and molasses, while water has low viscosity.

Clock gating is a power-saving technique used in digital design to disable the clock signal to certain parts of a circuit when they are not in use.

• Clock gating helps reduce power consumption by stopping the clock signal to unused parts of the circuit.

• It is achieved by inserting logic gates in the clock signal path to control when the clock is allowed to reach certain elements.

• Clock gating can be implemented at different levels of abstraction, from RTL to gate-level design.

• Exa...read more

Switches are essential components in power electronics that control the flow of electrical energy.

• Switches are used to turn on and off the flow of electrical energy in power electronics.

• They are used in various applications such as power supplies, motor drives, and inverters.

• Common types of switches include MOSFETs, IGBTs, and thyristors.

• Switches must be carefully selected based on the specific application requirements.

• Switching losses and thermal management are important con...read more

REF 601 relay setting is a parameter used in electrical engineering to configure the operation of a relay.

• REF 601 relay setting determines the behavior of the relay in response to different input signals.

• It includes parameters such as pickup voltage, time delay, drop-off voltage, etc.

• Properly setting REF 601 relay parameters ensures reliable and efficient operation of the relay.

• For example, setting a lower pickup voltage may make the relay more sensitive to input signals.

• On t...read more

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

• The OSI model helps in understanding how data is transmitted over a network.

• Each layer in the OSI model performs specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Examples of OSI model layers include physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.

To study forward, set clear goals, create a schedule, stay organized, take breaks, and seek help when needed.

• Set clear goals for what you want to achieve and break them down into smaller tasks

• Create a schedule and stick to it, prioritizing important tasks

• Stay organized by keeping track of deadlines and using tools like calendars and to-do lists

• Take breaks to avoid burnout and maintain focus

• Seek help when needed, whether it's from peers, mentors, or resources like textbooks an...read more