70+ Automation Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

End to end testing is a methodology to test the entire system flow from start to finish.

• It involves testing all the components of the system together

• It ensures that the system is working as expected in real-world scenarios

• It helps identify any issues or bottlenecks in the system flow

• Examples include testing an e-commerce website from browsing to checkout

• Automated tools can be used to perform end to end testing

API error codes are unique identifiers used to indicate specific errors in an API response.

• API error codes are typically numeric or alphanumeric codes that correspond to specific errors in the API.

• Each error code should have a corresponding explanation in the API documentation to help developers understand the issue.

• Examples of API error codes include 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, and 404 Not Found.

In Java, a top-level class cannot be declared private; only nested classes can be private.

• Top-level classes can be public, protected, or package-private, but not private.

• Private classes can only be nested within another class.

• Example of a private nested class: class Outer { private class Inner {} }

• Private classes are used to encapsulate functionality within a specific context.

A linked list in Java is a data structure that consists of a sequence of elements where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Each element in a linked list is called a node.

• Nodes in a linked list are connected through pointers or references.

• Linked lists can be singly linked (each node points to the next node) or doubly linked (each node points to both the next and previous nodes).

• Example: LinkedList<Integer> list = new LinkedList<Integer>();

The maximum sum in an array is the largest possible total obtained by adding its elements, often found using algorithms.

• Brute Force Approach: Check all possible subarrays and calculate their sums. Example: For [1, -2, 3, 4], the maximum sum is 7 (3 + 4).

• Kadane's Algorithm: Efficiently finds the maximum sum of a contiguous subarray in linear time. Example: For [-2, 1, -3, 4], the max sum is 4.

• Empty Array Case: If the array is empty, the maximum sum is typically defined as 0.

• Ne...read more

Find the longest substring in a given string that reads the same forwards and backwards.

• A palindrome is a string that reads the same backward as forward, e.g., 'racecar'.

• To find the longest palindromic substring, we can use a center expansion technique.

• For each character in the string, expand outwards to check for palindromes.

• Example: For 'babad', the longest palindromic substrings are 'bab' or 'aba'.

• Time complexity is O(n^2) and space complexity is O(1) for this approach.

Relative xpath is based on the current element's position, while absolute xpath starts from the root element.

• Relative xpath is shorter and more flexible, as it can adapt to changes in the structure of the page.

• Absolute xpath is longer and more specific, making it more prone to breaking if the page structure changes.

• Relative xpath is preferred for automation testing as it is more robust and easier to maintain.

• Absolute xpath is useful when the element's position is fixed and un...read more

TestNG annotations are used to control the flow of test methods and provide additional information about the test.

• Annotations like @Test, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite are used to define test methods and setup/teardown methods

• Annotations like @BeforeTest, @AfterTest are used to run setup/teardown methods before/after a test

• Annotations like @BeforeClass, @AfterClass are used to run setup/teardown methods before/after a test class

• Annotations like @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod are use...read more

Ladder logic diagram is a graphical programming language used for PLC programming.

• Ladder logic diagrams consist of rungs representing logical control circuits.

• It uses symbols to represent different components like contacts, coils, timers, etc.

• The logic flow is from left to right, with power flowing from top to bottom.

• It is commonly used in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) for automation.

• Example: A simple ladder logic diagram for a motor control circuit.

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem.

• In OOPs, data and code are encapsulated within objects.

• Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Encapsulation are the three main pillars of OOPs.

• Overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already present in its parent class.

• Overloa...read more

Automation testing is more efficient for repetitive tasks, while manual testing allows for more exploratory and creative testing.

• Automation testing is ideal for repetitive tasks that require frequent execution.

• Manual testing is better suited for exploratory testing and scenarios that require human intuition.

• Automation can provide faster feedback and increased test coverage.

• Manual testing allows for more creativity and adaptability in testing approaches.

• A combination of both m...read more

Data can be input in Cucumber using feature files and step definitions.

• Data can be input in feature files using scenarios and scenario outlines

• Step definitions can be used to define the actions to be taken with the input data

• Data tables can be used in feature files to input structured data

• Examples keyword can be used in scenario outlines to provide multiple sets of input data

Types of waits in Selenium include Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.

• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a condition to be true with a defined polling frequency.

• Example: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

A test script for login functionality ensures that users can access their accounts securely and efficiently.

• Use a testing framework like Selenium or Cypress for automation.

• Identify test cases: valid login, invalid login, empty fields.

• Example: Test valid login with correct username and password.

• Example: Test invalid login with incorrect password.

• Check for error messages on failed login attempts.

My automation framework is a hybrid framework that uses both data-driven and keyword-driven approaches.

• The framework is built using Selenium WebDriver and TestNG.

• It uses Excel sheets to store test data and Apache POI library to read/write data from/to Excel.

• The framework has a modular structure with reusable functions and libraries.

• It uses Page Object Model design pattern to maintain object repository.

• The framework generates detailed HTML reports using ExtentReports library.

• I...read more

Waterfall model is a linear sequential approach, while Agile model is iterative and incremental.

• Waterfall model follows a sequential process, where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next.

• Agile model breaks the project into small iterations, allowing for flexibility and continuous feedback.

• Waterfall model is best suited for projects with well-defined requirements, while Agile is ideal for projects with evolving requirements.

• Waterfall model has less flexibili...read more

String manipulation code

• Use string methods like split(), replace(), substring() etc.

• Loop through the string to manipulate each character

• Regular expressions can also be used for complex manipulations

Multi node architecture refers to a system where multiple nodes work together to perform tasks and share resources.

• Involves multiple nodes connected to a central server or each other

• Allows for distributed computing and load balancing

• Common in cloud computing and big data applications

Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently, allowing for better performance and resource utilization.

• Multithreading allows multiple threads to run concurrently within the same process.

• Each thread has its own stack and shares the same memory space.

• Multithreading can improve performance by utilizing multiple CPU cores efficiently.

• Examples of multithreading include running multiple tasks simultaneously in a web server or processing data in pa...read more

Test cases for testing the functionality of a lift

• Test the functionality of each button (e.g. open, close, floor selection)

• Test the emergency stop button

• Test the response time of the lift to calls

• Test the capacity of the lift by overloading it

• Test the door sensors for safety measures

Program to reverse a string using array of characters.

• Create an array of characters from the input string.

• Iterate through the array in reverse order and append each character to a new string.

• Return the reversed string as the output.

Count character occurance in a String

• Iterate through the string and use a HashMap to store character counts

• Handle both uppercase and lowercase characters separately

• Consider using a character array to count occurrences for better performance

XPath is a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document, useful for web scraping and automation testing.

• XPath can be absolute (e.g., /html/body/table) or relative (e.g., //table).

• Use attributes to create more specific paths, like //table[@id='myTable'].

• You can select elements based on their text content, e.g., //td[text()='Example Text'].

• Utilize functions like contains() for partial matches, e.g., //a[contains(@href, 'example.com')].

Learn how to print a dynamic web table using Selenium WebDriver in automation testing.

• Identify the web table using its unique attributes (e.g., ID, class).

• Use Selenium WebDriver to locate the table element.

• Iterate through rows and cells using XPath or CSS selectors.

• Example: Use driver.findElement(By.xpath('//table')) to locate the table.

• Print each cell's text using getText() method.

Locators in Selenium are used to identify web elements on a webpage for automation testing purposes.

• Locators can be used to find elements by ID, class name, name, tag name, link text, partial link text, CSS selector, or XPath.

• Using unique locators is important to ensure stable and reliable test automation scripts.

• Examples of locators include driver.findElement(By.id("elementID")), driver.findElement(By.className("elementClass")), and driver.findElement(By.xpath("//xpathExpres...read more

Generators are functions that can pause and resume their execution, allowing for lazy evaluation of values.

• Generators are defined using the function* syntax in JavaScript.

• They use the yield keyword to pause execution and return a value.

• Generators can be iterated over using a for...of loop.

• They are useful for generating sequences of values on demand.

Instance variable is a variable declared in a class, but outside of any method. It is unique to each object of the class.

• Instance variables are also known as member variables or attributes.

• They hold data that is unique to each object created from the class.

• Example: In a class representing a car, instance variables could include 'color', 'model', and 'year'.