Zoho fresher Interview Questions and Answers

Basic Python, SQL, and Bash questions

Q1. SQL questions with operations that include changing from string to array. Tip: stick to RDBMS-specific dialects only (like Postgres), I used Spark SQL
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Q2. Simple Python questions with a follow-up to optimise it
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Q3. Bash script-based questions, are pretty basic.
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Q4. Data pipeline design and best practices.
Ans. 
Data pipeline design involves creating a system to efficiently collect, process, and analyze data.
• Understand the data sources and requirements before designing the pipeline.

• Use tools like Apache Kafka, Apache NiFi, or AWS Glue for data ingestion and processing.

• Implement data validation and error handling mechanisms to ensure data quality.

• Consider scalability and performance optimization while designing the pipeline.

• Doc...read more
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Q1. Easy to medium Leetcode-based question. With moderate difficulty.
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Q2. Simple Python-based question with optimisation.
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Q3. Design specific questions based on Data pipelines.
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Q1. SQL-based question with moderate difficulty.
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Q2. Python-based questions, follow questions with some optimisations.
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Q3. Bash-script based round.
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Q1. What is bigadata
Ans. 
Big data refers to large and complex data sets that are difficult to process using traditional data processing applications.
• Big data involves large volumes of data

• It includes data from various sources such as social media, sensors, and business transactions

• Big data requires specialized tools and technologies for processing and analysis
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Q2. How spark works
Ans. 
Spark is a distributed computing framework that processes big data in memory and is known for its speed and ease of use.
• Spark is a distributed computing framework that can process data in memory for faster processing.

• It uses Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) for fault-tolerant distributed data processing.

• Spark provides high-level APIs in Java, Scala, Python, and R for ease of use.

• It supports various data sources li...read more
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Q3. Explain your application
Ans. 
Our application is a data engineering platform that processes and analyzes large volumes of data to provide valuable insights.
• Our application uses various data processing techniques such as ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) to clean and transform raw data into usable formats.

• We utilize big data technologies like Hadoop, Spark, and Kafka to handle large datasets efficiently.

• The application also includes machine learning al...read more
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Q1. What are different data structures?
Ans. 
Data structures are ways to organize and store data in a computer system.
• Arrays: a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations

• Linked Lists: a sequence of elements where each element points to the next one

• Stacks: a Last In First Out (LIFO) data structure

• Queues: a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure

• Trees: hierarchical data structures with a root node and child nodes

• Graphs: a collection of nodes conn
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Q2. What are different types of databases
Ans. 
Different types of databases include relational, NoSQL, graph, and time-series databases.
• Relational databases: store data in tables with rows and columns (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL)

• NoSQL databases: flexible, schema-less databases (e.g. MongoDB, Cassandra)

• Graph databases: store data in nodes and edges to represent relationships (e.g. Neo4j)

• Time-series databases: optimized for storing and querying time-stamped data (e.g. In
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Q1. About the project and technical aspect
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Hackerearth problem on reversing the string & one more array question

Q1. Reverse the string
Ans. 
Reverse a given string
• Use built-in functions like reverse() in Python

• Iterate through the string in reverse order and append characters to a new string

• Use stack data structure to reverse the string
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Q2. SQL based windowing function
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Q1. What are cyclic linked lists
Ans. 
Cyclic linked lists are linked lists where the last node points back to the first node, creating a loop.
• Cyclic linked lists have no NULL pointers, making it difficult to determine the end of the list.

• They can be used to efficiently represent circular data structures like a round-robin scheduling algorithm.

• Detecting cycles in a linked list can be done using Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm.
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Q2. Coding question from BST
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Q1. About data modelling and Architecture
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Q2. Real world problem and solution
Ans. 
Real world problem: Predicting customer churn in a subscription-based service
• Collect and analyze customer data such as usage patterns, demographics, and interactions

• Use machine learning algorithms to identify factors leading to churn

• Implement targeted retention strategies based on the analysis

• Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies over time
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Q1. Sql technical round
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Q2. About various azure services
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Q1. About my work area
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Q2. Managerial and company fit
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Q1. Project discussion
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Q2. SQL
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Q1. Explain surrogate key
Ans. 
Surrogate key is a unique identifier used in databases to uniquely identify each record in a table.
• Surrogate keys are typically generated by the system and have no business meaning.

• They are used to simplify database operations and improve performance.

• Example: Using an auto-incrementing integer column as a surrogate key in a table.
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