100+ Coal Hospitality Interview Questions and Answers

Questions related to OOP concepts, data structures, and algorithms for a software engineer position.

• OOP feature: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction

• Function overloading: same function name with different parameters, compile-time polymorphism

• Function overriding: same function name and parameters in parent and child class, runtime polymorphism

• Constructor: special member function used to initialize objects, same name as class, no return type

• Deleting constructor...read more

Testing challenges include lack of resources, time constraints, and communication issues. Overcoming them requires proper planning and collaboration.

• Lack of resources, such as hardware or software, can hinder testing efforts

• Time constraints may lead to rushed testing and incomplete coverage

• Communication issues between team members can result in misunderstandings and errors

• Proper planning and collaboration can help overcome these challenges

• Establish clear testing goals and pri...read more

Pseudo classes and pseudo elements are CSS selectors that target specific states or parts of an element.

• Pseudo classes target specific states of an element, such as :hover, :active, and :focus.

• Pseudo elements target specific parts of an element, such as ::before and ::after.

• Pseudo classes and pseudo elements are denoted by a colon (:) or double colon (::) preceding the selector.

• They can be used to add special effects, such as changing the color of a link when it is hovered ov...read more

Compatibility testing checks if software works on different platforms, while cross-browser testing checks if it works on different browsers.

• Compatibility testing ensures software works on different operating systems, hardware, and software configurations.

• Cross-browser testing ensures software works on different web browsers and their versions.

• Compatibility testing is broader in scope than cross-browser testing.

• Examples of compatibility testing include testing on different dev...read more

Things to keep in mind when raising a bug/defect

• Provide a clear and concise description of the bug

• Include steps to reproduce the bug

• Provide screenshots or videos if possible

• Assign the bug to the appropriate team member

• Set the priority and severity of the bug

• Track the bug until it is resolved

I am comfortable with multiple computer languages.

• Java

• Python

• C++

• JavaScript

Black Box Testing includes functional, non-functional, regression, usability, and exploratory testing.

• Functional Testing: verifies the functionality of the software

• Non-functional Testing: verifies the non-functional aspects like performance, security, etc.

• Regression Testing: verifies that changes made to the software do not affect the existing functionality

• Usability Testing: verifies the ease of use of the software

• Exploratory Testing: involves simultaneous learning, test desi...read more

Active and passive transformations are methods used in data integration to transform data from one format to another.

• Active transformations are used to change the number of rows that pass through the transformation, such as filtering or sorting data.

• Passive transformations do not change the number of rows that pass through the transformation, such as changing data types or renaming columns.

• Examples of active transformations include Filter, Sorter, and Router transformations.

• E...read more

Documentation is important for test artefacts to ensure traceability, repeatability, and knowledge transfer.

• Documentation helps to ensure that tests can be traced back to their original requirements and objectives.

• It also enables tests to be repeated consistently, reducing the risk of errors and increasing confidence in the results.

• Documentation also facilitates knowledge transfer between team members, ensuring that everyone has a clear understanding of the tests and their pu...read more

display: inline, block and inline-block are CSS properties that define how an element is displayed on a webpage.

• display: inline - element is displayed inline with the text and other inline elements. It does not start on a new line.

• display: block - element is displayed as a block-level element, starting on a new line and taking up the full width available.

• display: inline-block - element is displayed inline with the text and other inline elements, but can have a width and heigh...read more

Elements are the smallest building blocks of React UI, while components are made up of one or more elements.

• Elements are immutable and cannot be changed once created

• Components are reusable and can be composed of other components

• Elements are represented by tags, while components are represented by functions or classes

• Examples of elements include

  , , and , while examples of components include

  ,

position: absolute takes element out of normal flow, position: relative keeps element in normal flow but allows for positioning

• position: absolute removes element from normal flow and positions it relative to the nearest positioned ancestor

• position: relative keeps element in normal flow but allows for positioning relative to its normal position

• position: absolute elements are positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor, if none then relative to the initial containing...read more

A bug is a coding error, while a defect is a deviation from the expected behavior.

• A bug is a mistake made by a developer during the coding phase.

• A defect is a flaw in the software that causes it to behave differently than intended.

• Bugs are usually caused by syntax errors, logical errors, or incorrect implementation.

• Defects can be caused by bugs, but also by design flaws, requirements misunderstandings, or environmental issues.

• Bugs are typically found and fixed during the deve...read more

There are several ways to create objects in JS, including object literals, constructor functions, and ES6 classes.

• Object literals: var obj = {key1: value1, key2: value2}

• Constructor functions: function Person(name, age) {this.name = name; this.age = age}; var person1 = new Person('John', 30)

• ES6 classes: class Car {constructor(make, model) {this.make = make; this.model = model}}; var car1 = new Car('Toyota', 'Corolla')

Azure Cognitive Services for image recognition and text analysis

• Used Azure Computer Vision API for image recognition

• Utilized Azure Text Analytics API for sentiment analysis

• Integrated Azure Speech to Text API for transcribing audio

Visualize data in Tableau using various charts and graphs.

• Select appropriate chart type based on data and analysis goal

• Use color, size, and shape to encode additional information

• Create interactive dashboards for exploration and analysis

• Utilize Tableau's built-in features such as filters and parameters

• Consider audience and design for effective communication

JS has various string methods to manipulate and extract information from strings.

• toUpperCase() - converts string to uppercase

• toLowerCase() - converts string to lowercase

• charAt() - returns character at specified index

• indexOf() - returns index of specified substring

• slice() - extracts a section of a string

• replace() - replaces specified substring with another string

• split() - splits a string into an array of substrings

• trim() - removes whitespace from both ends of a string

Tableau was preferred due to its ease of use and better visualization capabilities.

• Tableau has a more user-friendly interface compared to Power BI.

• Tableau offers better visualization options and allows for more customization.

• Tableau has a larger community and more resources available for support.

• Power BI is more suitable for data modeling and analysis.

• The decision to use Tableau over Power BI was based on the specific needs of the project.

Call by value passes a copy of the variable's value, while call by reference passes a reference to the variable.

• Call by value passes the actual value of the variable being passed to a function.

• Call by reference passes a reference (memory address) of the variable being passed to a function.

• Changes made to the parameter in call by value do not affect the original variable, while changes in call by reference do.

I am proficient in Adobe Creative Suite, including Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign.

• Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite

• Skilled in using Photoshop for image editing and manipulation

• Experienced in creating vector graphics and illustrations using Illustrator

• Knowledgeable in layout design and typesetting using InDesign

Informatica is a data integration tool used for ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes.

• Used for data integration and ETL processes

• Can connect to various data sources and targets

• Provides a graphical interface for designing and managing workflows

• Supports scheduling and monitoring of workflows

• Can handle large volumes of data

• Examples of use cases include data warehousing, data migration, and data synchronization

Yes, cross platform migration in Oracle Apps involves moving from one operating system to another, such as Linux to Solaris.

• Cross platform migration in Oracle Apps involves transferring the application and database from one operating system to another.

• It requires careful planning and testing to ensure a smooth transition.

• Data migration tools like Oracle Data Pump can be used to facilitate the process.

• Consideration must be given to differences in file systems, directory struct...read more

Selenium Locators are used to identify web elements on a webpage. X-Path is a language used to navigate XML documents.

• Selenium Locators include ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, Link Text, Partial Link Text, CSS Selector, and X-Path

• X-Path is a syntax used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document

• X-Path expressions can be used to locate elements on a webpage based on their attributes or hierarchy

• Example of X-Path: //input[@id='username'] - locates an input e...read more

Function currying is a technique of transforming a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument.

• Currying allows partial application of a function.

• It helps in creating reusable functions.

• Curried functions can be composed easily.

• It can be achieved using bind() or closures.

• Example: const add = x => y => x + y; add(2)(3) returns 5.

JS has two types of functions: named and anonymous.

• Named functions are declared with a name and can be called anywhere in the code.

• Anonymous functions are declared without a name and are usually assigned to a variable.

• Arrow functions are a shorthand for anonymous functions.

• Higher-order functions take one or more functions as arguments or return a function as a result.

Dynamic import is a feature in React that allows loading components or modules on demand.

• Used to improve performance by loading components only when needed

• Implemented using the 'import()' function

• Returns a Promise that resolves to the module

• Can be used with React.lazy() to lazy load components

An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same type. Different ways to sort arrays include bubble sort, merge sort, and quick sort.

• Bubble sort: repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

• Merge sort: divides the array into two halves, sorts each half separately, and then merges them back together.

• Quick sort: selects a 'pivot' element and partitions the array around the pivot, recur...read more

New input types in HTML5 include color, date, email, number, range, tel, and more.

• Color: Allows users to select a color.

• Date: Provides a date picker for selecting dates.

• Email: Ensures that the input is a valid email address.

• Number: Restricts input to numeric values.

• Range: Allows users to select a value within a specified range.

• Tel: Ensures that the input is a valid telephone number.

Design includes elements such as layout, color, typography, and functionality.

• Layout

• Color

• Typography

• Functionality

Bubbling and capturing are two phases of event propagation in JavaScript.

• Bubbling is the default phase where the event starts from the innermost element and propagates outwards to the outermost element.

• Capturing is the opposite phase where the event starts from the outermost element and propagates inwards to the innermost element.

• Both phases can be used to handle events on parent and child elements.

• Event.stopPropagation() can be used to stop the event from propagating further...read more

Parameters needed for configuring Dataguard include LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1, LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2, FAL_SERVER, STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT, etc.

• LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1: Specifies the location to archive redo logs on the primary database

• LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2: Specifies the location to archive redo logs on the standby database

• FAL_SERVER: Specifies the FAL (Fetch Archive Log) server for the standby database

• STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT: Specifies whether standby file management is enabled or disabled

Cut over phase is the final stage of migration or upgradation where the new system takes over the functions of the old system.

• Cut over phase involves transitioning from the old system to the new system.

• It includes final data migration, testing, and validation of the new system.

• During cut over phase, users are trained on the new system and any remaining issues are resolved.

• The goal of cut over phase is to ensure a smooth transition with minimal disruption to operations.

• Example...read more

C++ is a compiled language while Java is an interpreted language.

• C++ is faster and more efficient than Java.

• Java is platform-independent while C++ is platform-dependent.

• C++ supports multiple inheritance while Java does not.

• Java has automatic garbage collection while C++ does not.

• C++ allows for low-level memory manipulation while Java does not.

Tableau is a powerful data visualization tool that helps in analyzing and presenting complex data in an easy-to-understand format.

• Allows creation of interactive dashboards and reports

• Enables quick and easy data exploration

• Provides real-time collaboration and sharing of insights

• Supports integration with various data sources

• Offers advanced analytics and predictive modeling capabilities

STLC stands for Software Testing Life Cycle which consists of several phases.

• STLC is a process followed by software testers to ensure the quality of the software.

• The phases of STLC are - Requirement Analysis, Test Planning, Test Case Development, Test Environment Setup, Test Execution, and Test Closure.

• Each phase has its own set of objectives and deliverables.

• STLC helps in identifying defects early in the software development life cycle.

• STLC ensures that the software meets th...read more

Social websites like Twitter and Reddit can help improve verbal abilities through discussions and debates.

• Twitter allows users to engage in conversations and debates with people from all over the world.

• Reddit has various subreddits dedicated to discussions on different topics, which can help improve vocabulary and communication skills.

• Quora is another platform where users can ask and answer questions, which can help improve critical thinking and verbal abilities.

Object oriented concepts are programming principles that revolve around objects and classes.

• Objects: Instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior

• Classes: Blueprint for creating objects with attributes and methods

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

• Polymorphism: Ability for objects to take on different forms or behaviors

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit

TSQL query optimization techniques and differences

• TSQL query optimization techniques include index optimization, query rewriting, and statistics optimization

• Query optimization aims to improve query performance by reducing execution time and resource usage

• Query optimization can be done at different levels such as database, table, and query level

• Query optimization can also involve choosing the best execution plan based on cost estimation

• Query optimism refers to the assumption t...read more

Emerging technologies include AI, blockchain, IoT, 5G, quantum computing, and AR/VR.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) - machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing

• Blockchain - decentralized digital ledger technology

• Internet of Things (IoT) - interconnected devices and sensors

• 5G - next-generation wireless technology for faster connectivity

• Quantum Computing - using quantum-mechanical phenomena for computation

• Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) - immersiv...read more

z-index is a CSS property that controls the stacking order of elements on a webpage.

• z-index only works on positioned elements (position: absolute, position: relative, position: fixed, or position: sticky)

• Higher z-index values stack on top of lower ones

• Negative z-index values can be used to place elements behind other elements

• z-index can be used to create layered effects on a webpage

Volatile variables are used to indicate that a variable's value can be changed unexpectedly, while atomic variables ensure that operations on the variable are executed as a single, indivisible unit.

• Volatile variables are used when a variable's value can be changed by multiple threads or external factors, and the compiler should not optimize access to that variable.

• Atomic variables ensure that operations on the variable are executed atomically, meaning they are indivisible and...read more

SOLID is a set of five design principles to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the functionality.

• I - Interface Segregation Princip...read more

Configuration management is crucial in DevOps for consistency, scalability, and automation.

• Ensures consistency across environments

• Facilitates scalability by automating infrastructure changes

• Enables automation of deployment and testing processes

• Helps in tracking changes and maintaining version control

• Examples: Ansible, Chef, Puppet, SaltStack

The OSI model has 7 layers that define how data is transmitted over a network.

• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with the layers above and below it.

• The Physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, while the Application layer deals with user interfaces.

• Examples of protocols that operate at different layers include Ethernet at the Data Link layer and ...read more

Canvas and SVGs are two different ways to create graphics on the web.

• Canvas is a bitmap-based drawing technology that allows for dynamic, scriptable rendering of 2D shapes and bitmap images.

• SVG is a vector-based drawing technology that allows for scalable, resolution-independent graphics.

• Canvas is best suited for complex, interactive graphics, while SVG is best suited for static, high-resolution graphics.

• Canvas is supported by all modern browsers, while SVG has some limitatio...read more

Program to check if a number is prime or not

• A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself

• Start checking from 2 up to the square root of the number

• If the number is divisible by any number in the range, it's not prime

Transformations are changes made to data to convert it from one form to another.

• Transformations are used in data processing and analysis.

• They can involve changing the format, structure, or content of data.

• Examples include converting data from one file type to another, normalizing data, and aggregating data.

• Transformations can be performed using programming languages, tools, or software.

• They are important for data integration, data cleaning, and data analysis.

Workflow monitors are tools used to track and manage the progress of tasks in a workflow.

• Workflow monitors provide real-time visibility into the status of tasks in a workflow.

• They can be used to identify bottlenecks and optimize workflow efficiency.

• Examples of workflow monitors include Apache Airflow, Jenkins, and AWS Step Functions.

A data warehouse is a large, centralized repository of data that is used for analysis and reporting.

• Data is extracted from various sources and transformed into a common format

• Data is organized into dimensions and facts for efficient querying

• Used for business intelligence and decision-making

• Examples include Amazon Redshift, Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Joins in SQL are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query

• There are different types of joins such as inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join

• The join condition is specified using the ON keyword followed by the column(s) to join on

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column

Use Java streams to filter prime numbers from a list, find highest employee salary, and demonstrate basic SQL joins.

• Use Java streams to filter prime numbers from the list

• Use streams to find the highest salary of employees

• Demonstrate basic SQL queries for joins

ForwardRefs allow React components to pass refs to their children.

• Used to access child component's DOM node or instance

• Used with functional components

• Helps in avoiding prop drilling

• Can be used with React.memo for performance optimization

Error handling is the process of identifying, catching, and resolving errors in software programs.

• Errors can occur due to various reasons such as incorrect input, network issues, hardware failure, etc.

• Error handling involves using try-catch blocks, exception handling, and logging to handle errors.

• Proper error handling improves the reliability and usability of software programs.

• Examples of error handling include displaying error messages to users, retrying failed operations, a...read more

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, which is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• SDLC is a structured process that consists of several phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables that contribute to the overall success of the software project.

• SDLC helps ensure that the software meets the requirements of the s...read more

A test scenario is a detailed description of a specific test case that outlines the conditions, actions, and expected results.

• Test scenarios are used to ensure that the software functions correctly under various conditions.

• They include details such as input data, actions taken by the user, and expected outcomes.

• Examples of test scenarios include logging into a website, adding items to a shopping cart, and submitting a form.

• Test scenarios help in identifying defects and ensuri...read more

Zensar Technologies is a leading global digital solutions and technology services company with a strong reputation in the industry.

• Strong reputation in the industry

• Global presence with a focus on digital solutions

• Opportunities for growth and learning

• Innovative projects and technologies

Authorization determines what a user can access, while authentication verifies the user's identity.

• Authorization controls access to resources based on user permissions

• Authentication verifies the user's identity through credentials like passwords or biometrics

• Authorization comes after authentication in the access control process

• Example: After logging into a system (authentication), a user is authorized to view certain files based on their role

.NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source framework for building modern applications, while .NET refers to the traditional framework for Windows applications.

• .NET Core is lightweight and modular, allowing for faster performance and easier deployment.

• .NET Core supports cross-platform development, enabling applications to run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• .NET Core has a smaller footprint and can be used for microservices and containerized applications.

• .NET Framework (or simply...read more

Severity refers to the impact of a bug on the system while Priority refers to the order in which bugs should be fixed.

• Severity is the measure of how much a bug affects the system's functionality

• Priority is the measure of how soon a bug should be fixed

• Severity can be classified as high, medium, or low

• Priority can be classified as high, medium, or low

• A high severity bug may not necessarily have a high priority

• For example, a spelling mistake on a non-critical page may have low s...read more

I rate myself highly on Java and ATG.

• I have extensive experience in Java programming and have worked on numerous projects using Java.

• I am proficient in ATG (Art Technology Group) and have successfully implemented ATG solutions for clients.

• I have a deep understanding of Java and ATG frameworks, libraries, and best practices.

• I continuously update my knowledge and skills in Java and ATG through self-learning and professional development opportunities.

• I have received positive fee...read more

Stacks and queues are data structures used to store and retrieve data in a specific order.

• Stacks are Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structures where the last element added is the first one to be removed. Example: a stack of plates.

• Queues are First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structures where the first element added is the first one to be removed. Example: a queue of people waiting in line.

• Both can be implemented using arrays or linked lists.

I am proficient in various technologies including Java, Python, SQL, HTML/CSS, JavaScript, and Git.

• Java

• Python

• SQL

• HTML/CSS

• JavaScript

• Git

Tableau is a data visualization tool used for creating interactive dashboards and reports.

• Tableau allows users to connect to various data sources and create visualizations using drag-and-drop functionality.

• It offers a wide range of chart types, including bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, and maps.

• Tableau also has features for data blending, filtering, and forecasting.

• It is commonly used in business intelligence, data analytics, and data science.

• Examples of companies usi...read more

Find frequency of all elements in a given string

• Create a HashMap to store the frequency of each element in the string

• Iterate through the string and update the frequency in the HashMap

• Convert the HashMap to an array of strings for the final result

I rate myself highly in PL/SQL with expertise in mview, index, CTE, and merge statement.

• I have extensive knowledge and experience in writing PL/SQL code.

• I am proficient in creating and managing materialized views (mview) to improve query performance.

• I am skilled in creating and managing indexes to optimize database performance.

• I am well-versed in using Common Table Expressions (CTE) for complex queries and recursive operations.

• I am experienced in using the merge statement to ...read more

OOPs is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions. Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It emphasizes on objects and their interactions.

• It includes concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same class.

• It can be achieved through method overloading or method overriding.

• For example,...read more

Datamart is a subset of a data warehouse that is designed for a specific business unit or department.

• Datamarts are smaller than data warehouses and are designed for a specific purpose.

• They contain a subset of data from the larger data warehouse.

• They are often used by business analysts to analyze data specific to their department.

• Examples include sales datamarts, marketing datamarts, and finance datamarts.

PolicyCenter, BillingCenter, and ClaimCenter are software applications developed by Guidewire for insurance companies.

• PolicyCenter is used for managing policy administration.

• BillingCenter is used for managing billing and invoicing processes.

• ClaimCenter is used for managing insurance claims.

• These applications help insurance companies streamline their operations and improve efficiency.

• They are designed to integrate seamlessly with each other and other systems used by insurance ...read more

Session is a way to store and maintain user-specific data during their visit to a website or application.

• Sessions are created when a user logs in or starts using an application.

• Data stored in a session can be accessed and modified throughout the user's visit.

• Sessions are typically stored on the server side and identified by a unique session ID.

• Common uses for session data include user authentication, shopping cart contents, and user preferences.

Widgets can be integrated in Backbase portal by creating custom widgets using AngularJS and integrating them using Backbase widget API.

• Create custom widgets using AngularJS

• Integrate widgets using Backbase widget API

• Use Backbase widget API functions like bbData, bbEvent, bbStorage, etc.

• Customize widget appearance and behavior using CSS and JavaScript

String is immutable, String Buffer is mutable. OOPs concept focuses on objects and classes. Exception handling is used to handle runtime errors.

• String is immutable, meaning its value cannot be changed once it is created. String Buffer is mutable, allowing for modifications to the value.

• OOPs concept revolves around the idea of objects and classes, where objects are instances of classes and encapsulate data and behavior.

• Exception handling is used to handle runtime errors and pr...read more

Risky user identification involves analyzing user behavior and implementing measures to reduce potential risks.

• Utilize user behavior analytics to identify unusual patterns or activities

• Implement multi-factor authentication for sensitive actions

• Regularly review user access permissions and revoke unnecessary privileges

• Train employees on cybersecurity best practices to prevent risky behavior

• Monitor user activity in real-time to quickly detect and respond to potential threats