Xyz Company Consultant Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Tell me something about yourself.
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Q2. What is current job responsibilities ?
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Q3. Can you help me all OSI layers ?
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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model consists of 7 layers that define the functions of a network.
• Physical layer - deals with physical connections and signals (e.g. Ethernet cables)

• Data link layer - responsible for node-to-node communication (e.g. MAC addresses)

• Network layer - handles routing and forwarding of data packets (e.g. IP addresses)

• Transport layer - ensures end-to-end communication (e.g. TCP/UDP)

• Sessio...read more
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Q4. What are the private IP address ranges ?
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Private IP address ranges are reserved for use within private networks and are not routable on the public internet.
• Private IP address ranges include 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

• These addresses are commonly used in home, office, and corporate networks to allow devices to communicate with each other within the same network

• Private IP addresses are not unique ...read more
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Q5. What is RFC 1918 ?
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RFC 1918 refers to a set of IP address ranges reserved for private networks.
• RFC 1918 defines three blocks of IP addresses that are reserved for private networks: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

• These private IP addresses are not routable on the public internet and are commonly used within organizations for internal networks

• Using RFC 1918 addresses helps prevent c...read more
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Q6. What is OSPF and how it is differ from EIGRP ?
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OSPF is a link-state routing protocol while EIGRP is a distance-vector routing protocol.
• OSPF uses Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path while EIGRP uses Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)

• OSPF supports VLSM and CIDR while EIGRP does not

• OSPF is an open standard protocol while EIGRP is Cisco proprietary

• OSPF has a lower administrative distance (110) compared to EIGRP (90)
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Q7. What are the types of BGP protocol ?
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The types of BGP protocol include eBGP and iBGP.
• eBGP (External BGP) is used between different AS (Autonomous Systems)

• iBGP (Internal BGP) is used within the same AS

• eBGP is typically used for connecting to external networks, while iBGP is used for internal routing within the same network
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Q8. What is Ipsec ? What is IKE ?
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IPsec is a protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications. IKE is a key management protocol used with IPsec.
• IPsec stands for Internet Protocol Security and is used to secure IP communications.

• It provides authentication, encryption, and key management for network traffic.

• IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is a key management protocol used with IPsec to establish security associations and negotiate cryptograp...read more
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Q9. What is main mode and aggressive mode ?
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Main mode and aggressive mode are two different negotiation strategies used in business and consulting.
• Main mode is a collaborative negotiation approach where parties work together to find mutually beneficial solutions.

• Aggressive mode is a competitive negotiation approach where one party seeks to maximize their own gains at the expense of the other party.

• Main mode focuses on building relationships and trust, while aggr...read more
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Q10. What is IPSec Parameters ?
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IPSec Parameters are settings used to configure and control the IPSec protocol for secure communication over a network.
• IPSec parameters include encryption algorithms such as AES, DES, and 3DES.

• Authentication methods like HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-MD5, and digital certificates are also part of IPSec parameters.

• Key exchange protocols such as IKEv1 and IKEv2 are used to establish secure communication channels.

• IPSec parameters also ...read more
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Q11. What is next Generation Firewall ?
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Next Generation Firewall (NGFW) is a network security system that integrates intrusion prevention, application awareness, and other advanced features.
• NGFW combines traditional firewall capabilities with advanced security features like application control, intrusion prevention, and SSL inspection.

• It provides deeper visibility into network traffic and more granular control over applications and users.

• NGFWs can identify a...read more
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Q12. What is NAT ?
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NAT stands for Network Address Translation, a process used to modify network address information in packet headers while in transit.
• NAT allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.

• There are different types of NAT such as Static NAT, Dynamic NAT, and PAT (Port Address Translation).

• NAT helps improve security by hiding internal IP addresses from external networks.

• Example: A home router u...read more
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Q13. General questions about firewall.
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