400+ De-stylus Designers Interview Questions and Answers

Interview questions for Project Engineer position

• OOPs concept includes inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction

• Encapsulation is hiding the implementation details while abstraction is hiding unnecessary details

• Array is a collection of similar data types while ArrayList is a dynamic array that can grow or shrink

• Data structures used may include linked lists, stacks, queues, and trees

• Foreign key is a column in a table that refers to the primary key of another tab...read more

Answering technical interview questions on SQL and programming

• Constraints are rules applied to columns in a database table to ensure data integrity

• COMMIT command is used to save changes made to a database

• JOIN operation is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column

• Code for reversing an array: reverseArray(arr) {return arr.reverse();}

There are 5 types of inheritance in object-oriented programming.

• Single inheritance: a subclass inherits from a single superclass.

• Multiple inheritance: a subclass inherits from multiple superclasses.

• Multilevel inheritance: a subclass inherits from a superclass, which in turn inherits from another superclass.

• Hierarchical Inheritance: multiple subclasses inherit from a single superclass.

• Hybrid inheritance: a combination of multiple and multilevel inheritance.

Recursion is a technique of solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller subproblems. Dynamic programming is a method of solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller subproblems and storing the solutions to those subproblems to avoid redundant calculations.

• Recursion involves solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller subproblems and calling the function recursively until the base case is reached.

• Dynamic programming involves solving a problem by breaking it...read more

Program to check if two given matrices are identical

• Check if the dimensions of both matrices are same

• Iterate through each element of both matrices and compare them

• If all elements are same, matrices are identical

I am comfortable with multiple programming languages including Java, Python, and C++.

• Proficient in Java, Python, and C++

• Experience with web development languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• Familiarity with database languages such as SQL

• Comfortable with object-oriented programming and software development principles

Yes, I am willing to sign the service bonds.

• I understand the importance of service bonds in ensuring job security and commitment to the company.

• I am confident in my abilities to fulfill the responsibilities of the Project Engineer role and am committed to staying with the company for the duration of the bond.

• I am open to discussing the terms and conditions of the bond before signing.

No, not all inheritance is applicable in Python.

• Python supports single inheritance, where a class can inherit from only one parent class.

• Multiple inheritance is also possible, but it can lead to the diamond problem.

• Python also supports multilevel inheritance, where a class can inherit from a parent class, which in turn can inherit from another parent class.

• Inheritance can be used to reuse code and create a hierarchy of classes.

• Example: class B inherits from class A - class B(...read more

I prefer Python for its simplicity and versatility.

• Python is easy to learn and has a large community for support.

• It can be used for a variety of tasks such as web development, data analysis, and automation.

• Python also has many libraries and frameworks available for use.

• Other languages I am familiar with include Java and C++.

Reverse each word of a given string.

• Split the string into words using space as a delimiter.

• Reverse each word using built-in functions or loops.

• Join the reversed words to form the final string.

Bubble sort has a time complexity of O(n^2). It can be optimized by adding a flag to check if any swaps were made.

• Bubble sort compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

• It repeats this process until the array is sorted.

• Adding a flag to check if any swaps were made can reduce the time complexity to O(n) in the best case.

• However, in the worst case, it still has a time complexity of O(n^2).

Access specifiers are keywords in object-oriented programming languages that determine the visibility of class members.

• Access specifiers are used to restrict access to class members.

• There are three access specifiers: public, private, and protected.

• Public members can be accessed from anywhere in the program.

• Private members can only be accessed within the class.

• Protected members can be accessed within the class and its subclasses.

• Example: class MyClass { public: int x; private:...read more

Questions on arrays, C/C++, OOP, and past projects for Project Engineer role.

• An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations.

• C is a procedural language while C++ is an object-oriented language.

• Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.

• Examples of past projects worked on should be provided.

Code to count number of characters and alphabets in a string.

• Use the len() function to count the total number of characters in the string.

• Use isalpha() function to check if a character is an alphabet or not.

• Loop through each character in the string and increment the count of alphabets if it is an alphabet.

• Return the total count of characters and alphabets in the string.

Program to generate Fibonacci series up to nth term.

• Declare variables for first and second terms of the series

• Use a loop to generate the series up to nth term

• Print the series as output

OOPs concepts are used in various real-life scenarios such as software development, game development, and automation.

• In software development, OOPs concepts are used to create reusable code and improve code organization.

• In game development, OOPs concepts are used to create game objects with properties and behaviors.

• In automation, OOPs concepts are used to create modular and scalable code for testing and scripting.

I have extensive experience working with Javascript, HTML, CSS, and NodeJs in various projects.

• Developed interactive web applications using Javascript, HTML, and CSS

• Utilized NodeJs for server-side development and building APIs

• Implemented responsive design techniques with CSS frameworks like Bootstrap

• Integrated front-end and back-end technologies to create seamless user experiences

Return index of elements whose sum is equal to given sum in an array.

• Iterate through the array and check if the sum of any two elements is equal to the given sum.

• If yes, return the indices of those two elements.

• If no such pair exists, return an empty array.

Autonomous colleges are independent and have more academic freedom.

• Autonomous colleges have the freedom to design their own courses and syllabus.

• They can also conduct their own exams and evaluate students.

• This allows for more flexibility and innovation in teaching methods.

• Autonomous colleges are also able to respond more quickly to changes in the industry and job market.

• Examples of autonomous colleges include Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and Indian Institute of Manage...read more

Durability in acid properties refers to the ability of a material to withstand the corrosive effects of acid.

• Durability is important in industries that use acids, such as chemical manufacturing and mining.

• Materials with high durability in acid properties include stainless steel and certain types of plastics.

• Durability can be measured through tests such as the ASTM G31 standard.

• Factors that affect durability include concentration and temperature of the acid, as well as the mat...read more

C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented programming features.

• C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.

• C++ has better support for polymorphism and inheritance.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) which provides useful data structures and algorithms.

• C++ is more complex than C and requires more knowledge to use effectively.

Wipro is an Indian multinational corporation that provides information technology, consulting and business process services.

• Founded in 1945 by M.H. Hasham Premji

• Headquartered in Bangalore, India

• Employs over 190,000 people worldwide

• Provides services in various industries including healthcare, finance, and retail

• Has partnerships with major technology companies such as Microsoft and SAP

Static memory allocation is done at compile-time, while dynamic memory allocation is done at runtime.

• Static memory allocation is used for variables that are fixed in size and do not change during program execution.

• Dynamic memory allocation is used for variables that can change in size during program execution.

• Static memory allocation is faster than dynamic memory allocation.

• Dynamic memory allocation is useful when the size of the data is not known at compile-time.

• Examples of ...read more

Yes, I have experience working in a plant.

• Working in a plant involves managing and overseeing various engineering projects.

• It requires knowledge of plant operations, equipment, and processes.

• Plant engineers are responsible for ensuring the efficiency and safety of plant operations.

• They collaborate with different teams, such as maintenance, production, and quality control.

• Examples of plant engineering projects include designing and implementing new production lines, optimizing...read more

Return the difference between maximum and minimum number's count in an array of strings.

• Convert the array of strings to an array of integers

• Use Math.max() and Math.min() to find the maximum and minimum numbers in the array

• Count the occurrences of the maximum and minimum numbers using a loop

• Return the difference between the counts

Code to print the difference of a number and its reverse

• Convert the number to string

• Reverse the string

• Convert the reversed string back to number

• Subtract the original number from the reversed number

• Print the result

Social media is a necessary evil as it has both positive and negative impacts on society.

• Social media has revolutionized communication and made it easier to connect with people.

• It has also provided a platform for businesses to reach a wider audience and for individuals to showcase their talents.

• However, social media has also been linked to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.

• It has also been criticized for spreading fake news and misinformation.

• Overall, social...read more

I am familiar with several databases other than MySQL.

• I have experience with PostgreSQL, Oracle, MongoDB, and Microsoft SQL Server.

• I am also familiar with NoSQL databases such as Cassandra and Couchbase.

• I have worked with various cloud-based databases like Amazon RDS and Google Cloud SQL.

My programming language of interest is Python.

• Python is a versatile language used in web development, data analysis, machine learning, and more.

• It has a simple syntax and is easy to learn for beginners.

• Python has a large community and a vast library of modules and frameworks.

• Examples of Python-based frameworks include Django, Flask, and PyTorch.

No, Java doesn't support multiple inheritance.

• Java only supports single inheritance through classes and interfaces.

• However, interfaces can be implemented multiple times.

• To achieve multiple inheritance-like behavior, composition can be used.

A foreign key is a column or set of columns in a database table that refers to the primary key of another table.

• A foreign key ensures referential integrity between two tables.

• It is used to establish a relationship between two tables.

• It helps in maintaining data consistency and accuracy.

• For example, a customer table may have a foreign key that refers to the primary key of an orders table.

List is an interface in java collection.

• List is a part of the Java Collection Framework.

• It is an ordered collection of elements.

• It allows duplicate elements and null values.

• Some common implementations of List are ArrayList, LinkedList, and Vector.

Yes, social media can be used for educational purposes.

• Social media provides a platform for sharing educational content and resources.

• It allows for collaboration and communication among students and teachers.

• Social media can enhance learning through interactive discussions and real-time feedback.

• It can also help in reaching a wider audience and promoting educational initiatives.

• Examples include educational YouTube channels, online courses on platforms like Coursera, and educa...read more

Shallow copy and deep copy are two ways of copying objects in programming.

• Shallow copy creates a new object but references the same memory location as the original object.

• Deep copy creates a new object and allocates new memory for it, copying the values of the original object.

• Shallow copy is faster and uses less memory, but changes to the original object affect the copied object.

• Deep copy is slower and uses more memory, but changes to the original object do not affect the cop...read more

Data abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and providing a simplified interface.

• Abstraction allows users to interact with complex systems without needing to understand the underlying complexity.

• An example of data abstraction is using a smartphone. Users can make calls, send messages, and use apps without knowing the intricate details of how the device works.

• Another example is a car dashboard. It provides essential information like speed, fuel lev...read more

Measure function involves obtaining a value using a tool or instrument, while Calculate function involves using mathematical operations to determine a value.

• Measure function involves using tools or instruments to obtain a value (e.g. measuring tape, ruler)

• Calculate function involves using mathematical operations to determine a value (e.g. addition, subtraction, multiplication)

• Measure function is more focused on obtaining precise data, while Calculate function is focused on de...read more

Yes, we can convert a list to a tuple.

• Use the tuple() function to convert a list to a tuple.

• The resulting tuple will have the same elements as the original list.

• Tuples are immutable, so any attempt to modify the tuple will result in an error.

No, I do not have any backlogs.

• I have successfully completed all my courses and projects.

• I have never failed any subject or exam.

• I have always maintained good academic standing.

• I have a strong work ethic and prioritize my tasks effectively.

Angular is a popular front-end framework for building web applications.

• Angular is a front-end framework developed by Google for building dynamic web applications.

• It uses TypeScript for building applications, providing better type checking and error detection.

• Angular has features like two-way data binding, dependency injection, and routing.

• Angular 2.0 introduced a component-based architecture and improved performance compared to Angular 1.0.

• PHP is a server-side scripting langu...read more

The algorithm prints a given matrix in a spiral form.

• Iterate through the matrix in a spiral pattern

• Keep track of the boundaries of the spiral

• Print the elements in the spiral order

A constructor is a special method used to initialize objects in a class.

• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to.

• They are called automatically when an object is created.

• Constructors can have parameters to initialize object properties.

• They can be overloaded to have multiple versions with different parameters.

• Example: public class Car { public Car(String color) { ... } }

A superclass is a class that is inherited by one or more subclasses, providing them with common attributes and behaviors.

• A superclass is also known as a base class or parent class.

• It defines the common characteristics and behaviors that the subclasses inherit.

• Subclasses can add additional attributes and behaviors specific to them.

• Superclasses promote code reusability and maintainability.

• For example, in a vehicle hierarchy, 'Vehicle' can be a superclass with subclasses like 'C...read more

A try/catch block is used in programming to handle exceptions and prevent the program from crashing.

• A try/catch block is used to catch and handle exceptions in a program.

• The code inside the try block is executed, and if an exception occurs, it is caught and handled in the catch block.

• The catch block contains the code that handles the exception, such as displaying an error message or logging the error.

• Using try/catch blocks helps in preventing the program from crashing and all...read more

I am a project engineer with knowledge of variables and classes.

• A variable is a container that holds a value or reference to a value.

• A class is a blueprint for creating objects that defines its properties and methods.

• Variables can be declared within a class and used to store values specific to that class.

• Classes can be used to create multiple instances of objects with the same properties and methods.

• Variables and classes are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming...read more

The Fibonacci series problem can be solved using a recursive function or an iterative loop.

• Use a recursive function to calculate the Fibonacci series.

• Implement an iterative loop to generate the Fibonacci series.

• Store the results in an array for easy access and manipulation.

Database integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database.

• Ensuring data is accurate and consistent

• Preventing unauthorized access or modification of data

• Maintaining data quality through validation and verification

• Implementing backup and recovery procedures

• Examples: referential integrity, data constraints, transaction management

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization helps in reducing data redundancy by breaking down a large table into smaller, more manageable tables.

• It ensures that each piece of data is stored only once, reducing storage space and improving efficiency.

• Normalization also helps in maintaining data integrity by preventing update anomalies and inconsistencies.

• There are different levels of normalizati...read more

Stack and heap memory are two types of memory allocation in computer systems.

• Stack memory is used for static memory allocation and is managed by the CPU.

• Heap memory is used for dynamic memory allocation and is managed by the programmer.

• Stack memory is limited in size and is used for storing local variables and function calls.

• Heap memory is larger in size and is used for storing objects and data structures.

• Stack memory is faster to access than heap memory.

• Heap memory can lead ...read more

A program to check if a year is a leap year or not.

• A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, but not divisible by 100, except if it is divisible by 400.

• Use modulo operator to check if the year is divisible by 4, 100, and 400.

• If the year is divisible by 4 and not by 100, or divisible by 400, then it is a leap year.

I am willing to sign the service bond.

• I understand the importance of a service bond and I am willing to commit to it.

• I am confident in my abilities to fulfill the requirements of the position.

• I am committed to the success of the project and the company.

• I am open to discussing the terms of the service bond.

Object-oriented programming concepts that help in designing and implementing software systems.

• Encapsulation: Bundling of data and methods into a single unit (class) to hide implementation details.

• Inheritance: Ability to create new classes (derived classes) from existing classes (base classes) to reuse code and extend functionality.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same message in different ways.

• Abstraction: Representing essential features...read more

ACID properties are a set of properties that ensure reliability and consistency in database transactions.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work.

• Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another.

• Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other.

• Durability ensures that once a transaction is commit...read more

scanf() and printf() are functions in C language used for input and output operations respectively.

• scanf() is used to read input from the user, while printf() is used to display output to the user.

• scanf() requires the use of format specifiers to specify the type of input being read.

• printf() also uses format specifiers to format the output being displayed.

• Example: scanf("%d", &num) will read an integer input from the user and store it in the variable num.

• Example: printf("Hello...read more

DML is used to manipulate data in a database while DDL is used to define the structure of a database.

• DML stands for Data Manipulation Language and is used to insert, update, delete or retrieve data from a database.

• DDL stands for Data Definition Language and is used to define the structure of a database such as creating tables, indexes, and constraints.

• DML commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE while DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

• DML commands do not...read more

Unused memory can be released by deallocating it using appropriate programming constructs.

• Use 'delete' keyword in C++ to free memory allocated using 'new'

• Use 'free' function in C to free memory allocated using 'malloc'

• Use garbage collector in languages like Java and Python

• Avoid memory leaks by deallocating memory as soon as it is no longer needed

Multiplication can be implemented using repeated addition or bitwise operations.

• Repeated addition: add the same number repeatedly for the number of times specified by the other number.

• Bitwise operations: use shift and add operations to perform multiplication.

• Example: 5 * 3 can be implemented as 5 + 5 + 5 or (5 << 1) + 5.

Recursive functions are functions that call themselves within their own definition.

• Recursive functions are useful for solving problems that can be broken down into smaller sub-problems.

• They can be used to traverse data structures like trees and graphs.

• Examples include factorial and Fibonacci functions.

• They can lead to infinite loops if not properly defined or terminated.

Lists are mutable while tuples are immutable in Python.

• Lists use square brackets [] while tuples use parentheses ().

• Elements in a list can be added, removed, or modified while elements in a tuple cannot be modified.

• Lists are used for collections of data that need to be changed while tuples are used for collections of data that should not be changed.

• Lists are generally faster than tuples for iteration and indexing.

• Example of a list: my_list = [1, 2, 3]

• Example of a tuple: my_tu...read more

Code to check for prime numbers

• Loop through numbers from 2 to n-1

• Check if n is divisible by any number in the loop

• If not divisible, n is prime

OOPs concepts in Java are fundamental principles of object-oriented programming, including inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. Example: Car class inheriting from Vehicle class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. Example: Using private variables and public methods in a class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of a method to do different ...read more

Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interfaces can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract classes can have constructors, fields, and non-abstract methods, while interfaces cannot.

• A class can only extend one abstract class, but it can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes are used to define common characteristics of subclasses, while interfaces are used to define contracts for classes to implement.

• Example: abstract class Animal { abstr...read more

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and ease of use.

• Python is an object-oriented language

• It has a large standard library

• Python is dynamically typed

• It is used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more

• Python code is executed line by line

DML statements in SQL are used to manipulate data in a database, including inserting, updating, deleting, and querying data.

• DML stands for Data Manipulation Language.

• Common DML statements include INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT.

• INSERT is used to add new rows of data into a table.

• UPDATE is used to modify existing data in a table.

• DELETE is used to remove rows of data from a table.

• SELECT is used to retrieve data from a table.

UNION is a user-defined data type that allows storing different data types in the same memory location.

• UNION can be used to save memory space by sharing the same memory location for different data types.

• It is defined using the 'union' keyword in C programming language.

• The size of the union is determined by the largest data type it contains.

• Accessing the union members can be done using the dot operator or the arrow operator.

• Example: union myUnion { int i; float f; };

• Example: m...read more

A Harshad number is a number that is divisible by the sum of its digits.

• Also known as Niven numbers.

• Examples include 18 (1+8=9, 18/9=2), 54 (5+4=9, 54/9=6), and 120 (1+2+0=3, 120/3=40).

• Harshad numbers are used in digital root computations and in creating self-descriptive numbers.

• They are named after D. R. Kaprekar's Indian mathematician friend, Harshad.

• Harshad numbers can be found in various fields such as number theory, cryptography, and computer science.

No active backlog or year gap.

• I have no active backlog or year gap.

• I have been consistently working and improving my skills.

• I have completed all my previous projects on time.

• I have been attending relevant training and workshops to enhance my knowledge.

A string is a sequence of characters. It is immutable because once created, its value cannot be changed.

• Strings are used to store text data in programming languages.

• Immutable means that the value of a string cannot be altered after it is created.

• Example: 'hello' is a string, and if you try to change it to 'hallo', a new string will be created instead of modifying the original one.

SQL commands are classified into DDL, DML, DCL, DQL, and TCL.

• DDL (Data Definition Language) commands are used to define the database schema.

• DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands are used to manipulate data in the database.

• DCL (Data Control Language) commands are used to control access to the database.

• DQL (Data Query Language) commands are used to retrieve data from the database.

• TCL (Transaction Control Language) commands are used to manage transactions in the database.

Program to find second largest element in array

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the largest and second largest elements

• Handle edge cases like empty array or array with only one element

• Consider sorting the array and returning the second last element

Object-oriented programming concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class)

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features

SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. It has different types of queries.

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language

• It is used to manage and manipulate relational databases

• Types of queries include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, JOIN, etc.

• SELECT is used to retrieve data from a database

• INSERT is used to add new data to a database

• UPDATE is used to modify existing data in a database

• DELETE is used to remove data from a database

• JOIN is used ...read more

Java Collection is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate a group of objects.

• Java Collection is a group of interfaces, classes, and algorithms that allow you to store and manipulate a group of objects.

• It provides various data structures like List, Set, Queue, etc.

• It provides algorithms like searching, sorting, and manipulating collections.

• It is a part of the Java API and is available in the java.util package.

Implementing addition without using the + sign.

• Use bitwise operators like XOR and AND to perform addition.

• Convert the numbers to binary and perform addition bit by bit.

• Use recursion to add the numbers.

• Use a lookup table to perform addition.

• Use the Math library to perform addition using functions like Math.floor and Math.ceil.

Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

• It works by repeatedly dividing in half the portion of the array that could contain the target value.

• It has a time complexity of O(log n), making it very efficient for large arrays.

• It requires the array to be sorted in ascending or descending order.

• Example: Searching for the number 7 in the array [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10] would return the index 4.

I would rate my C coding skills as 4 out of 5.

• Proficient in writing efficient and clean C code

• Experience in developing complex algorithms and data structures

• Familiar with low-level programming and memory management

• Able to debug and optimize code for performance

• Examples: Implemented a sorting algorithm, optimized memory usage in a large-scale project

Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time.

• Compares each element with the previous elements and inserts it in the correct position

• Best for small arrays or partially sorted arrays

• Time complexity is O(n^2)

• Example: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape'] -> ['apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'orange']

Keys are objects used to unlock or access something.

• Keys can be physical objects like a key to a lock or a keycard to access a building.

• Keys can also be digital like a password or encryption key.

• Keys are used to unlock or access something that is otherwise restricted or protected.

• Keys can be unique to an individual or shared among a group of people.

Joins are used in SQL to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query.

• There are different types of joins such as inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• The join condition is specified using the ON keyword and the related columns between the tables.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

Structure and class are programming concepts used to define custom data types.

• A structure is a collection of variables of different data types grouped together under a single name.

• A class is a blueprint for creating objects that encapsulate data and behavior.

• Structures are used in C programming while classes are used in object-oriented programming languages like Java and C++.

• Both structures and classes can have methods and properties.

• Structures are value types while classes a...read more

The greatest common divisor (gcd) of two numbers is the largest positive integer that divides both numbers without leaving a remainder.

• The gcd can be found using the Euclidean algorithm.

• Start by dividing the larger number by the smaller number.

• If the remainder is 0, the smaller number is the gcd.

• If the remainder is not 0, replace the larger number with the smaller number and the smaller number with the remainder.

• Repeat the process until the remainder is 0.

To make a string mutable in programming, use a mutable data structure like StringBuilder in Java or StringBuffer in C++.

• Use StringBuilder in Java to create a mutable string: StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("hello");

• Use StringBuffer in C++ to create a mutable string: StringBuffer sb("world");

Java is platform independent because of its 'write once, run anywhere' principle.

• Java programs are compiled into bytecode which can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying platform.

• This allows Java programs to be executed on different operating systems without any modifications.

• Examples of platform independent Java applications include web applications, mobile apps, and enterprise software.

Yes, I use Linux regularly for development and testing purposes.

• I am comfortable with command line interface and various Linux distributions.

• I have experience in setting up and configuring servers using Linux.

• I have used Linux tools such as Git, Docker, and Jenkins for software development and deployment.

• I have also contributed to open source projects hosted on Linux platforms.

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

• Compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order

• Repeats the process until the list is sorted

• Not efficient for large lists

• Example: [5, 3, 8, 4, 2] -> [3, 5, 4, 2, 8] -> [3, 4, 2, 5, 8] -> [3, 2, 4, 5, 8] -> [2, 3, 4, 5, 8]

Count the number of words in a string.

• Use the split() method to split the string into an array of words.

• Count the length of the array to get the number of words.

Code to read a text file in C++

• Use ifstream to open the file

• Read the file line by line using getline()

• Close the file after reading

An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements, while a stack is a data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• An array is a fixed-size collection of elements of the same data type.

• Arrays are accessed using an index, starting from 0.

• Example: string[] names = {"Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"};

• A stack is a data structure that allows operations at one end only (top).

• Stack follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Example: Pushing elements...read more

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods. Interfaces are similar but can only contain abstract methods and constants.

• Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods.

• Interfaces can only have abstract methods and constants.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one abstract class.

• Example: abstract class Animal { abstract void makeSound(); } interface Mammal { void eat(); }

• Example: class Dog...read more

In C, a function is a block of code that performs a specific task and can be called multiple times within a program.

• Functions in C are defined using a return type, function name, parameters, and a body enclosed in curly braces.

• Functions can be called multiple times within a program to perform the same task without rewriting the code.

• Functions can return a value using the 'return' keyword, or they can be void if they do not return a value.

Check if two strings are anagrams by comparing the sorted characters in each string.

• Sort the characters in both strings

• Compare the sorted strings to see if they are equal

• Return true if they are anagrams, false otherwise