50+ Virtusa Consulting Services Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from source to destination.

• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid revisiting them.

• Explore all possible directions (up, down, left, right) from each cell.

• Add the current direction to the path and recursively explore further.

• If the destination is reached, add the path to the list of valid paths.

Print all possible paths from top-left to bottom-right in a matrix by moving only right or down.

• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths from top-left to bottom-right in the matrix.

• At each cell, recursively explore moving right and down until reaching the bottom-right corner.

• Keep track of the current path and add it to the result when reaching the destination.

The init used in Python is __init__ which is a constructor method for initializing objects.

• The __init__ method is called automatically when an object is created.

• It takes self as the first parameter and can take additional parameters for initialization.

• Example: class Car: def __init__(self, make, model): self.make = make self.model = model

• In the above example, the __init__ method initializes the make and model attributes of the Car object.

OOPs concepts are principles in object-oriented programming, encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods within a class, and DBMS stands for Database Management System.

• OOPs concepts include inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction

• Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit, such as a class

• DBMS is a software system that manages databases, allowing users to interact with the data stored in them

• Ex...read more

Yes, I can create 2 tables in SQL and perform operations like INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

• Create Table 1: CREATE TABLE employees (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), salary DECIMAL(10,2));

• Create Table 2: CREATE TABLE departments (dept_id INT, dept_name VARCHAR(50));

• Insert Data: INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 50000);

• Select Data: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 40000;

• Update Data: UPDATE employees SET salary = 55000 WHERE id = 1;

• Delete Data: DELETE FROM employe...read more

If loop is used for conditional execution while while loop is used for repetitive execution.

• If loop executes the code block only if the condition is true, while loop executes the code block repeatedly until the condition becomes false.

• If loop is used when the number of iterations is known, while loop is used when the number of iterations is unknown.

• Example of if loop: if(x > 0) { //code block }

• Example of while loop: while(x > 0) { //code block }

SQL commands for inserting, updating, and deleting data from a table.

• INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3) VALUES (value1, value2, value3);

• UPDATE table_name SET column1 = new_value1 WHERE condition;

• DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

SQL command for creating a table

• Use CREATE TABLE statement

• Specify table name and column names with data types

• Add any constraints or indexes as needed

A prime number is a number greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself.

• Start by checking if the number is divisible by any number less than itself.

• If it is divisible by any number other than 1 and itself, it is not prime.

• Use a loop to iterate through numbers from 2 to the square root of the number being checked.

• If the number is divisible by any of these numbers, it is not prime.

• If the number is not divisible by any of these numbers, it is prime.

To reverse a string, iterate through the characters of the string and swap the first character with the last, the second character with the second-to-last, and so on.

• Iterate through the characters of the string using a loop

• Swap the characters at the corresponding positions using a temporary variable

• Continue swapping until the middle of the string is reached

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes.

• Encourages modular and reusable code

• Focuses on data and behavior encapsulation

• Supports inheritance and polymorphism

• Promotes code organization and maintainability

• Examples: Java, C++, Python

Partial is used to render a specific portion of a view, while render partial is used to render a partial view within another view in MVC.

• Partial is used to render a specific portion of a view in MVC.

• Render partial is used to render a partial view within another view in MVC.

• Partial can be used to render a reusable piece of code in multiple views.

• Render partial is useful for rendering common elements like headers or footers in multiple views.

• Example: <%= render partial: 'header...read more

Truncate and drop are SQL commands used to remove data from a table.

• Truncate removes all data from a table but keeps the structure intact.

• Drop removes the entire table and its structure.

• Truncate is faster than drop as it only removes data.

• Drop cannot be undone while truncate can be rolled back.

• Truncate resets the identity of the table while drop does not.

• Examples: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name; DROP TABLE table_name;

C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented programming features.

• C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.

• C++ has better support for polymorphism and inheritance.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) while C does not.

• C++ allows function overloading while C does not.

• C++ has exception handling while C does not.

Determine if two strings are anagrams of each other by checking if they contain the same characters.

• Create character frequency maps for both strings

• Compare the frequency of characters in both maps to check if they are anagrams

• Return True if the frequencies match, False otherwise

Implement a queue using stacks following FIFO principle.

• Use two stacks to simulate a queue - one for enqueue and one for dequeue operations.

• For enQueue operation, push elements onto the enqueue stack.

• For deQueue operation, if the dequeue stack is empty, pop all elements from enqueue stack to dequeue stack.

• For peek operation, return the top element of the dequeue stack.

• For isEmpty operation, check if both stacks are empty.

• Example: enQueue(5), enQueue(10), peek() -> 5, deQueue(...read more

The minimum number of swaps required to sort a given array of distinct elements in ascending order.

• Use a hashmap to store the original indices of the elements in the array.

• Iterate through the array and swap elements to their correct positions.

• Count the number of swaps needed to sort the array.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• It is achieved through method overloading and method overriding.

• Example: A parent class Animal can have child classes like Dog, Cat, and Bird. Each child class can have its own implementation of the method 'makeSound', but they can all be called using the same method name from the parent class.

• Java buzzwords related to ...read more

Flexible means adaptable to change or able to be modified easily.

• Being able to adjust to new requirements or situations

• Having the ability to change or modify code without breaking it

• Being open to feedback and willing to make changes

• Allowing for customization or configuration options

• Examples: using variables instead of hardcoding values, implementing a plugin system

Validation in MVC ensures data entered by user meets specified criteria before processing.

• Validation can be done using data annotations in model classes.

• Validation can also be performed using ModelState.IsValid in controller actions.

• Client-side validation can be implemented using JavaScript libraries like jQuery Validate.

Account Statements Transcription is a full stack application for converting Excel sheets to SQL tables, fetching data in UI, and allowing downloads in various formats.

• Create a front-end interface for users to upload Excel sheets

• Develop a back-end system to convert Excel data into SQL tables

• Implement a query system to fetch data based on user needs in the UI

• Provide options for users to download data in Excel or Word formats

HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages, while HTML5 is the latest version with new features and improvements.

• HTML is older and has limited functionality compared to HTML5

• HTML5 supports new elements like <video>, <audio>, and <canvas>

• HTML5 has improved support for multimedia and mobile devices

• HTML5 includes new APIs like Geolocation, Web Storage, and Web Workers

Prisoners must devise a strategy to guess the color of their own hat based on the hats of others.

• Prisoners can agree on a strategy before the hats are assigned.

• One strategy is for each prisoner to count the number of hats of a certain color and use that information to guess their own hat color.

• Another strategy involves using parity to determine the color of their own hat.

• Prisoners can also use a signaling system to convey information about their hat color to others.

Remove duplicates and count frequencies of characters in an array of strings.

• Iterate through each string in the array

• Use a hashmap to store characters and their frequencies

• Remove duplicates by checking if character already exists in hashmap

Access specifiers define the level of access to classes, methods, and variables in object-oriented programming.

• Access specifiers include public, private, protected, and default.

• Public access specifier allows access from any other class.

• Private access specifier restricts access to only within the same class.

• Protected access specifier allows access within the same package and subclasses.

• Default access specifier (no keyword) restricts access to only within the same package.

Java OOP's concept is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design applications and programs.

• Java OOP's concept is based on four main principles: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors.

• Abstraction is the pr...read more

Decorators in Python are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods. __name__ == __main__ is used to check if a Python script is being run directly or imported as a module.

• Decorators are used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• They are defined using the @decorator syntax before the function definition.

• Example: @staticmethod decorator in Python is used to define a method that doesn't access or modify class or instance ...read more

Marker interface is an empty interface used to mark classes for special treatment.

• Marker interface has no methods or fields.

• It is used to provide metadata to the JVM or other tools.

• Examples include Serializable interface in Java.

OOPs concepts are the principles of Object-Oriented Programming, including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object).

• Inheritance: Allowing a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: The ability for objects of different classes to respond to the same method call.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the...read more

Synchronization is the coordination of multiple processes or threads to ensure they access shared resources in a controlled manner.

• Synchronization is important in multi-threaded programming to prevent race conditions and ensure data consistency.

• Common synchronization mechanisms include locks, semaphores, and monitors.

• For example, using a mutex lock to protect a critical section of code from being accessed by multiple threads simultaneously.

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization is used to eliminate data redundancy by breaking up tables into smaller, related tables.

• It helps in reducing data anomalies such as update, insert, and delete anomalies.

• Normalization is achieved through a series of stages called normal forms, such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF.

• For example, in a database of students and courses, instead of storing student de...read more

Array is a fixed-size collection of elements of the same data type, while ArrayList is a dynamic-size collection of objects.

• Array is a static data structure with a fixed size, while ArrayList is a dynamic data structure that can grow or shrink in size.

• Arrays can only store elements of the same data type, while ArrayList can store objects of different data types.

• Arrays are accessed using index positions, while ArrayList provides methods for adding, removing, and accessing elem...read more

Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming. Classes define the properties and behaviors of objects.

• An example of a class is 'Car', which defines properties like color, make, and model, and behaviors like drive and stop.

• An object of the class 'Car' could be 'myCar' with properties 'red', 'Toyota', 'Camry' and behaviors 'drive()' and 'stop()'.

The most efficient sorting algorithm is Quick Sort due to its average time complexity of O(n log n).

• Quick Sort is efficient due to its divide and conquer approach.

• It has an average time complexity of O(n log n) and a worst-case time complexity of O(n^2).

• Example: Sorting an array of integers using Quick Sort.

Java is platform-independent, object-oriented, and uses automatic memory management, while C++ is platform-dependent, supports multiple paradigms, and requires manual memory management.

• Java is platform-independent, while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java is object-oriented, while C++ supports multiple paradigms.

• Java uses automatic memory management (garbage collection), while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java has a simpler syntax compared to C++.

• Java has a larger standa...read more

Yes, I am comfortable with night shifts as I have previous experience working during those hours.

• Have previous experience working night shifts

• Understand the importance of maintaining focus and attention during non-traditional work hours

• Able to adjust sleep schedule accordingly to ensure optimal performance during night shifts

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPS focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem

• Key principles of OOPS include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Inheritance: allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymor...read more

Object-oriented programming languages are based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

• Objects are instances of classes, which define the structure and behavior of the objects.

• Encapsulation is a key feature, where data is hidden within objects and can only be accessed through methods.

• Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and methods from other classes.

• Polymorphism enables objects to be treated as i...read more

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details while abstraction is the process of hiding unnecessary details.

• Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like public, private, and protected.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.

• Encapsulation protects the data from outside interference while abstraction focuses on the essential features of an object.

• Example of encapsulation: A class with private variables and public methods to ac...read more

Code to reverse an array of strings

• Use a loop to iterate through half of the array and swap elements at opposite ends

• Create a temporary variable to hold one element during swapping

• Ensure to handle odd length arrays by not swapping the middle element

Company policies outline rules and guidelines for employees to follow.

• Company policies cover areas such as dress code, attendance, code of conduct, and benefits.

• Examples of company policies include a policy on remote work, a policy on social media usage, and a policy on harassment.

• Employees are expected to adhere to company policies to maintain a positive work environment and ensure compliance with legal regulations.

Browser history can be handled by clearing cache, cookies, and browsing data regularly.

• Regularly clear cache, cookies, and browsing history to improve browser performance

• Use incognito mode for private browsing to prevent history from being saved

• Disable browser history tracking if needed for privacy reasons

An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same type in a contiguous memory location.

• Arrays have a fixed size determined at the time of declaration.

• Elements in an array are accessed using an index starting from 0.

• Example: string[] names = {"Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"};

Sorting code arranges elements in a specific order.

• Choose a sorting algorithm based on the requirements

• Iterate through the array and compare adjacent elements

• Swap the elements if they are not in the desired order

• Repeat until the array is sorted

Parallel test execution in Cucumber allows running multiple test scenarios simultaneously for faster results.

• Use tools like TestNG or JUnit to run Cucumber tests in parallel

• Configure the test runner to specify the number of threads to use for parallel execution

• Ensure that the tests are independent and do not interfere with each other

• Consider using a parallel plugin like Cucumber-JVM-Parallel to manage parallel execution