Virtusa Consulting Services Technology Consultant Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What is a trigger
Ans. 
A trigger is an event or condition that initiates a specific action or process.
• Triggers are commonly used in programming and databases.

• They can be used to automate tasks or initiate processes based on certain conditions.

• Examples include a trigger that sends an email when a new user registers on a website, or a trigger that updates a database record when a certain field is changed.

• Triggers can also be used in marketing ...read more
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Q2. What is right outer join
Ans. 
Right outer join returns all records from the right table and matching records from the left table.
• It includes all the records from the right table and only matching records from the left table.

• If there is no match in the left table, the result will contain NULL values.

• It is denoted by RIGHT OUTER JOIN or RIGHT JOIN keyword in SQL.

• Example: SELECT * FROM right_table RIGHT JOIN left_table ON right_table.id = left_table.i
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Q3. What are types in Oracle
Ans. 
Types in Oracle are data types that define the type of data that can be stored in a column or variable.
• Oracle has several built-in data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, and CLOB.

• NUMBER is used to store numeric values, VARCHAR2 is used to store character strings, DATE is used to store dates and times, and CLOB is used to store large character strings.

• Oracle also supports user-defined data types, which can be create...read more
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Q4. What is an array type
Ans. 
An array type is a data type that stores a collection of elements of the same data type in a contiguous memory location.
• Arrays can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional

• Elements in an array can be accessed using an index

• Arrays can be initialized with a fixed size or dynamically resized

• Examples of array types include int[], double[], and string[]
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Q1. About yourself and last company
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Q1. Python Coding problems, write pseudo code for a couple of simple problems
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Q1. Case study Guestimates
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Q1. How much do you want?
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Q1. What is ur overall experience and explain ur work role
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Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

In this round, the interviewer first asked me a preety basic coding question related to Backtracking. Then he switched to questions revolving around Java , Spring Boot and Kafka.

Q1. Print Permutations - String
You are given an input string 'S'. Your task is to find and return all possible permutations of the input string.
Note:
1. The input string may contain the same charac...read more
Ans. 
Approach : 
We can find all the permutations by Backtracking.

1) Fix a character then swap all the rest of the remaining character with a fixed character.

2) Then find all permutations for all remaining characters by the recursive call.

3) The base case for the recursion will be when there is only one character left unprocessed.


TC : O(N*N!), where N = length of the String.
SC : O(N)
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Q2. Java Question
Explain the use of final keyword in variable, method and class.
Ans. 
In Java, the final keyword is used as defining something as constant /final and represents the non-access modifier.

1) final variable :
i) When a variable is declared as final in Java, the value can’t be modified once it has been assigned.

ii) If any value has not been assigned to that variable, then it can be assigned only by the constructor of the class.


2) final method :
i) A method declared as final cannot be overridden...read more
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Q3. Java Question
How would you differentiate between a String, StringBuffer, and a StringBuilder?
Ans. 
1) Storage area : In string, the String pool serves as the storage area. For StringBuilder and StringBuffer, heap
memory is the storage area.

2) Mutability : A String is immutable, whereas both the StringBuilder and StringBuffer are mutable.

3) Efficiency : It is quite slow to work with a String. However, StringBuilder is the fastest in performing operations. The
speed of a StringBuffer is more than a String and less than ...read more
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Q4. Spring Boot Question
What is dependency Injection?
Ans. 
The process of injecting dependent bean objects into target bean objects is called dependency injection.

1) Setter Injection : The IOC container will inject the dependent bean object into the target bean object by calling the
setter method.

2) Constructor Injection : The IOC container will inject the dependent bean object into the target bean object by
calling the target bean constructor.

3) Field Injection : The IOC contai...read more
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Q5. Spring Boot Question
What is the root application context in Spring MVC? How is it loaded?
Ans. 
In Spring MVC, the context loaded using ContextLoaderListener is called the "root" application context which belongs
to the whole application while the one initialized using DispatcherServlet is actually specific to that servlet.

Technically, Spring MVC allows multiple DispatcherServlet in a Spring MVC web application and so multiple such
contexts each specific for respective servlet but having the same root context may e
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Q6. Kafka Question
What are the four core API architectures that Kafka uses?
Ans. 
Following are the four core APIs that Kafka uses : 

1) Producer API : In Apache Kafka, the Producer API allows an application to publish a stream of records to one or more Kafka topics.

2) Consumer API : In Apache Kafka, the consumer API allows an application to subscribe to one or more Kafka topics. It also enables the application to process streams of records generated about such topics.

3) Streams API : In Apache ...read more
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Q7. Kafka Question
What are the use cases of Kafka monitoring?
Ans. 
Following are the use cases of Apache Kafka monitoring : 

1) Apache Kafka monitoring can keep track of system resources consumption such as memory, CPU, and disk utilization over time.

2) Apache Kafka monitoring is used to monitor threads and JVM usage. It relies on the Java garbage collector to free up memory, ensuring that it frequently runs, thereby guaranteeing that the Kafka cluster is more active.

3) It can be ...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round primarily focused on questions related to Spring Boot and Hibernate. As I already had some projects in Java , I was familiar to both Spring and Hibernate - what are they used for , their basic understanding and all . So, this round also went preety well as I was able to answer most of the questions with little to no hints as far as possible.

Q1. Spring Boot Question
How does Spring Boot works?
Ans. 
Spring Boot automatically configures your application based on the dependencies you have added to the project by using annotation. The entry point of the spring boot application is the class that contains @SpringBootApplication annotation and the main method.

Spring Boot automatically scans all the components included in the project by using @ComponentScan annotation.
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Q2. Spring Boot Question
What are the major differences between RequestMapping and GetMapping?
Ans. 
RequestMapping can be used with GET, POST, PUT, and many other request methods using the method attribute on the annotation. Whereas GetMapping is only an extension of RequestMapping, which helps you to improve clarity on requests.
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Q3. Spring Boot Question
Explain @RestController annotation in Sprint boot?
Ans. 
It is a combination of @Controller and @ResponseBody, used for creating a restful controller. It converts the response to JSON or XML. It ensures that data returned by each method will be written straight into the response body instead of returning a template.
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Q4. Spring Boot Question
What Are the Basic Annotations that Spring Boot Offers?
Ans. 
The primary annotations that Spring Boot offers reside in its "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure" and its sub-packages. Here are a couple of basic ones:

@EnableAutoConfiguration – to make Spring Boot look for auto-configuration beans on its classpath and automatically apply them.

@SpringBootApplication – used to denote the main class of a Boot Application. This annotation combines @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfigur...read more
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Q5. Hibernate Question
How do you create an immutable class in hibernate?
Ans. 
Immutable class in hibernate creation could be in the following way. If we are using the XML form of configuration,
then a class can be made immutable by markingmutable=false. The default value is true there which indicating that
the class was not created by default.

In the case of using annotations, immutable classes in hibernate can also be created by using @Immutable
annotation.
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Q6. Hibernate Question
What is hibernate caching?
Ans. 
Hibernate caching is the strategy for improving the application performance by pooling objects in the cache so that
the queries are executed faster. Hibernate caching is particularly useful when fetching the same data that is executed
multiple times. Rather than hitting the database, we can just access the data from the cache. This results in reduced
throughput time of the application.

Types of Hibernate Caching

First Level...read more
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Q7. Hibernate Question
Explain Query Cache
Ans. 
Hibernate framework provides an optional feature called cache region for the queries’ resultset. Additional configurations have to be done in code in order to enable this. The query cache is useful for those queries which are most frequently called with the same parameters. This increases the speed of the data retrieval and greatly improves performance for commonly repetitive queries.

This does not cache the state of ac...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round. HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my
role.

Q1. Basic HR Question
Why should we hire you ?
Ans. 
Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.

Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.

Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round,
like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the ...read more
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