80+ SgurrEnergy Interview Questions and Answers

To connect a component to Redux store, we use the connect function from the react-redux library.

• Import the connect function from react-redux.

• Use the connect function to wrap the component and connect it to the Redux store.

• The connect function takes two parameters: mapStateToProps and mapDispatchToProps.

• mapStateToProps is a function that maps the state from the Redux store to the component's props.

• mapDispatchToProps is an optional function that maps the dispatch function to th...read more

Context API is a way to share data between components without passing props down manually.

• Context API provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• It is useful for sharing data that needs to be accessed by many components at different levels of the tree.

• Initial state can be set in Context API using the createContext() function.

• There is no need to have an initial state in Context API, but it can be useful in s...read more

Minimum coverage for an app and code pushed to production/master branch while deployment.

• Minimum coverage for an app depends on the project requirements and complexity.

• Generally, a coverage of 80% or higher is considered good.

• Code pushed to production/master branch should be thoroughly tested and reviewed.

• Continuous integration and deployment can help automate this process.

• Examples of tools for code coverage include Jest, Istanbul, and Enzyme.

Yes, it is mandatory for Reducer to have an initial state.

• Initial state defines the starting point of the state tree.

• It helps in defining the shape of the state tree.

• It is used to set default values for the state properties.

• It is also used to reset the state to its initial values.

• Example: const initialState = { count: 0 };

• Example: const initialState = { name: '', age: 0 };

React re-renders just the part of the page that has changed, thanks to its virtual DOM.

• React uses a virtual DOM to track changes in the UI.

• When a component's state or props change, React compares the virtual DOM with the real DOM and updates only the necessary parts.

• This approach improves performance by minimizing the number of DOM manipulations.

• React's diffing algorithm efficiently determines the minimal set of changes needed to update the UI.

Redux-Saga is a middleware for Redux that handles side effects. Actions can be dispatched from components using mapDispatchToProps.

• Redux-Saga is used to handle side effects like API calls and asynchronous actions.

• It uses generator functions to make asynchronous code look synchronous.

• Sagas listen for specific actions and perform tasks based on those actions.

• To dispatch actions from components, use mapDispatchToProps to connect the component to the Redux store.

• Then call the act...read more

Service Workers are scripts that run in the background and can intercept network requests, cache or modify responses.

• Offline support for web applications

• Push notifications

• Background synchronization

• Reduced network usage and faster page loads

• Progressive Web Apps (PWA)

Stale element reference exception occurs when an element is no longer attached to the DOM.

• Occurs when an element is located in the DOM, but later removed or modified

• Common in dynamic web applications where elements change frequently

• Can be resolved by re-locating the element before interacting with it

I want to join ValueLabs because of their strong reputation in the industry and their commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction.

• ValueLabs has a strong reputation in the industry for delivering high-quality products and services.

• I am impressed by ValueLabs' commitment to innovation and their focus on staying ahead of industry trends.

• ValueLabs has a customer-centric approach, which aligns with my own values and beliefs.

• I believe that joining ValueLabs will provide me w...read more

We use @transient annotations in Spring to mark fields that should not be persisted.

• The @transient annotation is used to exclude a field from being persisted to the database.

• It is commonly used for fields that are derived from other fields or are not relevant to the persistence layer.

• The @transient annotation is also used to prevent serialization of certain fields in distributed systems.

• It is important to note that @transient fields will not be persisted or serialized, so the...read more

mysql_connect vs mysql_pconnect and finding memory in Linux

• mysql_connect creates a new connection to the database while mysql_pconnect creates a persistent connection

• mysql_pconnect is faster but uses more memory

• To find memory usage in Linux, use commands like vmstat, sar, or ps

• vmstat displays virtual memory statistics

• sar displays system activity information

• ps displays information about active processes

Time complexity is a measure of how long an algorithm takes to run as a function of the input size.

• Time complexity is usually expressed using big O notation.

• The best case, worst case, and average case time complexities may differ.

• Common time complexities include O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n^2), and O(2^n).

To optimize a coding challenge solution, we can use efficient algorithms and data structures.

• Analyze the problem and identify the bottleneck

• Use appropriate data structures like hash tables, trees, and graphs

• Implement efficient algorithms like binary search and dynamic programming

• Optimize the code by reducing unnecessary operations and improving memory usage

Yes, we can make @repository as @service.

• Both @repository and @service are stereotypes in Spring framework.

• @repository is used to indicate that a class is a repository, which is responsible for data access.

• @service is used to indicate that a class is a service, which is responsible for business logic.

• If a class annotated with @repository also performs business logic, it can be annotated with @service as well.

• This allows the class to be autowired as both a repository and a ser...read more

You can divide the test cases into two batches and run them separately.

• Divide the 100 test cases into two batches of 50 each

• Run the first batch of 50 test cases

• Once the first batch is completed, run the second batch of 50 test cases

For each loop in Java is used to iterate over elements in an array or a collection.

• Syntax: for (datatype element : array/collection)

• Can be used with arrays, lists, sets, maps, etc.

• Avoids the need for manual indexing and provides cleaner code

• Example: for (int num : numbers) { System.out.println(num); }

Event Loop in NodeJS is a mechanism that allows NodeJS to perform non-blocking I/O operations by offloading operations to the system kernel.

• Event Loop is responsible for handling asynchronous operations in NodeJS.

• It allows NodeJS to perform multiple operations concurrently without blocking the execution.

• Event Loop continuously checks the event queue for any pending tasks and executes them in a non-blocking manner.

• Example: When reading a file in NodeJS, the Event Loop allows o...read more

Loading elements based on scroll, using CSS animations, promises, and testing libraries.

• Use Intersection Observer API to load elements based on scroll position

• CSS animations can be used to add visual effects to elements

• Promises can be used to handle asynchronous operations

• Testing libraries like Jest can be used to test code functionality

Random Forest with 100 internal trees is generally better than 100 Decision Trees.

• Random Forest reduces overfitting by averaging multiple decision trees

• Random Forest is more robust to noise and outliers compared to individual decision trees

• Random Forest can handle missing values and maintain accuracy

• Random Forest is less likely to be biased by imbalanced datasets

Java program to reverse a string

• Use StringBuilder class to reverse the string efficiently

• Convert the input string to a StringBuilder object

• Use the reverse() method of StringBuilder to reverse the string

• Convert the reversed StringBuilder back to a string and return

Angular Routing is a feature in Angular that allows navigation between different components of a web application without reloading the entire page.

• Angular Routing helps in creating Single Page Applications (SPAs) by loading different components based on the URL.

• It uses the RouterModule to define routes and the RouterOutlet directive to display the components.

• Routes can have parameters and guards for authentication and authorization.

• Example: RouterModule.forRoot([{ path: 'home...read more

Yes, I am willing to sign the bond and relocate to Hyderabad.

• I am excited about the opportunity to work in Hyderabad.

• I understand the importance of signing a bond and am willing to commit to it.

• I am open to new experiences and challenges.

• I have researched the city and am comfortable with the relocation.

• I am confident that I can contribute to the company's success in Hyderabad.

Step definitions can be integrated with feature files using Cucumber in automation testing.

• Create step definitions in a separate file using the same language as the feature file (e.g. Java for Cucumber-JVM).

• Map step definitions to feature file scenarios using annotations like @Given, @When, @Then.

• Use regular expressions to match step definitions with steps in the feature file.

• Run the feature file with the step definitions to execute the automation tests.

Git is a version control system, Ansible is a configuration management tool, Terraform is an infrastructure as code tool, and Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform.

• Git is used for tracking changes in code, collaborating with team members, and managing different versions of code.

• Ansible automates software provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment.

• Terraform allows infrastructure to be defined as code, making it easier to manage and provision ...read more

I deploy apps using automated deployment tools like Jenkins and Docker containers.

• Utilize automated deployment tools like Jenkins to streamline the deployment process

• Leverage Docker containers for consistent and efficient deployment

• Implement continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines for faster and more reliable deployments

Resource level metrics are measurements used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of resources used in a project or organization.

• Resource level metrics help in identifying areas where resources can be optimized.

• Examples of resource level metrics include cost per unit, time to complete a task, and resource utilization rate.

• Resource level metrics can be used to improve decision-making and resource allocation.

• These metrics can also help in identifying areas where additio...read more

To find the secondary diagonal of a matrix

• Iterate through the rows of the matrix

• Access the element at the index equal to the length of the row minus the current row index minus 1

• Add the element to the secondary diagonal array

throw and throws are keywords in Java used for exception handling.

• throw is used to explicitly throw an exception in a program.

• throws is used in method signature to declare the exceptions that can be thrown by the method.

• throw is followed by an instance of an exception class, while throws is followed by the names of exception classes separated by commas.

• throw is used within a method, while throws is used in the method declaration.

• Example: throw new IllegalArgumentException("In...read more

Object-oriented programming concepts in Java

• Encapsulation: Hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and methods

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms, method overloading and overriding

• Abstraction: Focusing on essential features and ignoring implementation details

• Class: Blueprint for creating objects, encapsulating data and behavior

• Object: Instance of a c...read more

To sell an idea, I focus on understanding the audience, presenting a clear and compelling message, and addressing any concerns or objections.

• Research the audience and tailor the message to their interests and needs

• Use clear and concise language to communicate the idea effectively

• Provide evidence and examples to support the idea

• Anticipate and address any objections or concerns

• Engage the audience through interactive elements or storytelling

• Follow up with the audience to answer ...read more

User stories are written in a specific format to capture requirements from the perspective of an end user.

• Start with 'As a [type of user], I want [some goal] so that [some reason]'

• Keep user stories small and focused on a single feature or functionality

• Include acceptance criteria to define when the user story is complete

Flatten and remove duplicates from an array of strings

• Use the flat() method to flatten the array

• Use the Set object to remove duplicates

• Convert the Set back to an array using the spread operator

Sorting without higher order functions and remote notifications

• Implement sorting algorithm like bubble sort, selection sort, or insertion sort without using built-in sort functions

• For remote notifications, use Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) to send notifications to users' devices

driver.get is a method used in Selenium WebDriver to navigate to a specific URL.

• driver.get() is a method in Selenium WebDriver used to open a specified URL in the browser

• It is used to navigate to a new page or refresh the current page

• Example: driver.get("https://www.example.com")

Agile Key Metrics are measurements used to track the progress and success of Agile projects.

• Agile Key Metrics include Velocity, Burn-Down Charts, Cycle Time, Lead Time, and Cumulative Flow Diagrams.

• Velocity measures the amount of work completed in a sprint.

• Burn-Down Charts track the remaining work in a sprint.

• Cycle Time measures the time it takes to complete a task.

• Lead Time measures the time it takes to deliver a feature from start to finish.

• Cumulative Flow Diagrams track th...read more

Test Lead oversees testing activities, coordinates with stakeholders, creates test plans, assigns tasks, and ensures quality standards are met.

• Coordinate testing activities with stakeholders

• Create and maintain test plans

• Assign tasks to testing team members

• Ensure quality standards are met

• Provide testing status reports to project stakeholders

A cluster is a group of interconnected computers that work together to perform a task or provide a service.

• Clusters are used to improve performance, scalability, and availability of applications.

• They can be categorized into different types such as high availability clusters, load balancing clusters, and parallel processing clusters.

• Examples of clusters include Hadoop clusters for big data processing and Kubernetes clusters for container orchestration.

CICD pipeline is a set of automated processes that allow for continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment of software.

• Automates the building, testing, and deployment of code changes

• Helps in detecting and fixing integration errors early in the development process

• Enables faster and more frequent delivery of software updates

• Common tools used in CICD pipelines include Jenkins, GitLab CI, and CircleCI

SIEM works by collecting and analyzing security data to detect and respond to cyber threats. Mitre attack framework and Cyber kill chain are used to categorize and analyze attacks.

• SIEM collects security data from various sources like logs, network traffic, and endpoints for analysis.

• Mitre attack framework provides a structured way to categorize and analyze cyber threats based on tactics and techniques used by attackers.

• Cyber kill chain breaks down the stages of a cyber attack...read more

To prepare a Business Requirements Document (BRD), I gather requirements from stakeholders, document them clearly, and ensure they align with business goals.

• Meet with stakeholders to gather requirements

• Document requirements in a clear and concise manner

• Ensure requirements align with business goals

• Include functional and non-functional requirements

• Review and finalize the BRD with stakeholders

Java program to swap numbers using a temporary variable

• Declare two variables a and b with initial values

• Create a temporary variable to store the value of a

• Assign the value of b to a

• Assign the value of the temporary variable to b

Overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already provided by its parent class, while overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overriding involves inheritance and is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subclass.

• Overloading involves having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

• Overriding is determined at runtime based o...read more

Optimising a React application involves code splitting, lazy loading, using memoization, reducing unnecessary re-renders, and optimizing network requests.

• Implement code splitting to load only necessary code for each route or component.

• Use lazy loading to load components only when they are needed, reducing initial load time.

• Utilize memoization techniques like useMemo and useCallback to prevent unnecessary re-renders.

• Avoid unnecessary re-renders by using shouldComponentUpdate o...read more

Testing team ensures software quality by identifying and reporting defects.

• Testing team creates test cases based on requirements

• They execute test cases and report defects

• They work closely with development team to resolve defects

• They perform regression testing to ensure fixes do not introduce new defects

Requirement traceability is the ability to trace requirements throughout the software development process.

• It involves linking requirements to test cases to ensure all requirements are tested.

• It helps in understanding the impact of changes on requirements and vice versa.

• It ensures that all requirements are met and validated during testing.

• Examples: linking user stories to test cases, tracking changes in requirements documentation.

Java programs on sorting involve arranging data in a specific order.

• Sorting can be done using various algorithms like bubble sort, insertion sort, quick sort, etc.

• Java provides built-in sorting methods like Arrays.sort() and Collections.sort().

• Sorting can be done on different data types like integers, strings, objects, etc.

Event loop is a mechanism in JavaScript that handles asynchronous operations.

• Event loop continuously checks the call stack and the task queue.

• If the call stack is empty, it takes the first task from the queue and pushes it to the call stack.

• The task is executed and the process repeats.

• setTimeout and setInterval functions are examples of asynchronous operations that use event loop.

Developed a hybrid framework using Selenium WebDriver, TestNG, and Apache POI in the previous project.

• Used Selenium WebDriver for browser automation

• Utilized TestNG for test case management and execution

• Integrated Apache POI for reading and writing Excel files

• Implemented data-driven testing using Excel sheets

Techniques for software QA include black box testing, white box testing, regression testing, and exploratory testing.

• Black box testing: testing the functionality of the software without knowledge of its internal workings

• White box testing: testing the internal workings of the software

• Regression testing: testing to ensure that changes to the software have not introduced new bugs

• Exploratory testing: testing without a specific plan or script, to discover unexpected issues

Project level needs refer to the specific requirements and objectives of a project.

• Identifying and documenting project goals and objectives

• Understanding stakeholder requirements and expectations

• Defining project scope and deliverables

• Creating a project plan with timelines and milestones

• Allocating resources and budget appropriately

QuickSort is a popular sorting algorithm that uses divide and conquer approach.

• Divide the array into two sub-arrays based on a pivot element

• Recursively sort the sub-arrays

• Combine the sorted sub-arrays to get the final sorted array

• Time complexity: O(n log n) in average case and O(n^2) in worst case

• Example: [5, 2, 9, 3, 7, 6, 8, 1, 4] -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Redux is a state management library for React, while Context API is a feature in React for passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually.

• Redux is a separate library that provides a centralized store for managing state in a React application.

• Context API is a feature in React that allows you to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• Redux is typically used for larger applications with c...read more

Find the longest common substring in an array of strings.

• Iterate through each string in the array and compare with all other strings to find common substrings.

• Keep track of the longest common substring found so far.

• Return the longest common substring at the end.

Props in React are used to pass data from a parent component to a child component.

• Props are read-only and cannot be modified by the child component.

• Props can be any type of data, such as strings, numbers, arrays, or objects.

• Props are passed down through the component tree using custom attributes.

Docker build context is the set of files and directories that are sent to the Docker daemon when building an image.

• The build context is specified using the -f flag in the docker build command.

• It is recommended to keep the build context small to improve build performance.

• Common files included in the build context are Dockerfile, source code, and any necessary dependencies.

• Excluding unnecessary files and directories from the build context can help reduce image size.

An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase. A code is a system of rules to convert information into another form.

• An anagram is created by rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to form a new word or phrase.

• Example: 'listen' is an anagram of 'silent'.

• A code is a set of rules or instructions used to convert information into a different form, often for security or efficiency.

• Example: Morse code uses dots and dashes to repr...read more

async/defer are attributes used in script tags to control the loading and execution of JavaScript files.

• async loads the script asynchronously while the HTML document continues to load

• defer loads the script after the HTML document has finished parsing

• async scripts are executed as soon as they are downloaded, while defer scripts are executed in the order they appear in the HTML document

• async is useful for non-essential scripts that don't affect the page's functionality, while d...read more

Program to reverse a string using array of characters

• Create an array of characters from the input string

• Iterate through the array in reverse order and append each character to a new string

• Return the reversed string

API testing tools and methods involve using tools like Postman, SoapUI, and methods like manual testing, automation testing, and performance testing.

• Use tools like Postman, SoapUI, JMeter for API testing

• Perform manual testing by sending requests and verifying responses

• Automate API testing using tools like Selenium, RestAssured

• Conduct performance testing to check API response time and throughput

I can bring value by utilizing my project management skills to ensure successful completion of projects within budget and on time.

• Effective communication with stakeholders

• Risk management and mitigation

• Resource allocation and optimization

• Project planning and scheduling

• Continuous improvement and process optimization

SOLID principles are a set of guidelines for writing maintainable and scalable code.

• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - a class should have only one reason to change

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - classes should be open for extension but closed for modification

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - subtypes should be substitutable for their base types

• Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) - clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use

• Dependency Inversi...read more

SCD type 2 using merge statement involves updating existing records and inserting new records in a dimension table.

• Use MERGE statement to compare source and target tables based on primary key

• Update existing records in target table with new values from source table

• Insert new records from source table into target table with new surrogate key and end date as null

A wireframe is a low-fidelity visual representation of a design, while a prototype is a high-fidelity interactive model of a design.

• Wireframes are static and lack interactivity, while prototypes are interactive and allow users to test functionality.

• Wireframes are used to communicate design concepts and layout, while prototypes are used to test and refine functionality.

• Wireframes are typically created early in the design process, while prototypes are created later in the proce...read more

API testing involves testing the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of APIs using various methods and tools.

• Use tools like Postman, SoapUI, or JMeter for API testing

• Test API endpoints for functionality, response codes, data validation, and error handling

• Perform security testing by checking for vulnerabilities like SQL injection or cross-site scripting

• Test API performance by measuring response times, throughput, and scalability

• Automate API tests using framew...read more

Various API tools and methods used for testing APIs

• Postman for manual testing and automation

• Swagger for API documentation and testing

• JMeter for performance testing of APIs

• SoapUI for testing SOAP APIs

• REST Assured for testing REST APIs in Java

Microservices are small, independent services that work together, while monolithic is a single, large application.

• Microservices are loosely coupled, allowing for independent development and deployment.

• Monolithic applications are tightly integrated, making it harder to scale and maintain.

• Microservices communicate through APIs, while monolithic applications have all components within the same codebase.

• Examples of microservices include Netflix, Amazon, and Uber, while examples o...read more

Polyfil is a synthetic material used as a filler in various applications.

• Polyfil is commonly used in the textile industry to stuff pillows, cushions, and toys.

• It is also used in the automotive industry for insulation and soundproofing.

• Polyfil can be made from various materials such as polyester, cotton, or foam.

API design implementation involves creating a well-structured and user-friendly interface for interacting with software applications.

• Understand the requirements and use cases for the API

• Design clear and consistent endpoints with proper documentation

• Implement secure authentication and authorization mechanisms

• Follow RESTful principles for creating APIs

• Consider scalability and performance optimizations

JavaScript is a scripting language used for web development with features like event handling, DOM manipulation, and AJAX.

• JavaScript is a client-side language that runs on the browser

• It is used for creating interactive web pages and web applications

• JavaScript has features like event handling, DOM manipulation, and AJAX

• It supports object-oriented programming and functional programming

• Popular JavaScript frameworks include React, Angular, and Vue

Agile process is a software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development.

• Agile process involves breaking down projects into small, manageable tasks called user stories.

• It focuses on frequent communication and collaboration between team members.

• Iterations, or sprints, are used to deliver working software incrementally.

• Feedback from stakeholders is incorporated throughout the development process.

• Examples of Agile methodologies in...read more

Examples of digital consulting

• Helping a company develop a social media strategy

• Assisting a client with website redesign and optimization

• Providing guidance on implementing a CRM system

• Advising on digital marketing campaigns

• Assessing and improving cybersecurity measures

Profile run-through is a process of reviewing and analyzing user profiles to ensure they have the necessary access and permissions.

• Review user profiles to ensure they have the correct access and permissions

• Identify any discrepancies or errors in the profiles

• Make necessary changes to the profiles to ensure proper access and permissions

• Ensure compliance with security policies and regulations

• Perform regular profile run-throughs to maintain security and access control

Virtual DOM in React is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, used for efficient updates and rendering.

• Virtual DOM is a concept where a lightweight copy of the actual DOM is created in memory.

• When changes are made to the UI, React compares the Virtual DOM with the actual DOM to identify the differences.

• React then updates only the necessary parts of the actual DOM, minimizing the number of DOM manipulations for better performance.

• This approach helps in optimizing rendering per...read more

A BRD (Business Requirements Document) outlines the business solution for a project including the expected functionality and features.

• Start with an executive summary to provide an overview of the project

• Include a scope section detailing what is included and excluded from the project

• List functional requirements specifying what the system must do

• Document non-functional requirements such as performance, security, and usability

• Add use cases or user stories to illustrate how the s...read more

My approach towards solutioning involves understanding the problem, analyzing requirements, designing a solution, and implementing it.

• Understand the problem thoroughly

• Analyze the requirements and constraints

• Design a solution architecture

• Consider scalability, performance, and security

• Implement the solution using appropriate technologies

• Test and validate the solution

• Iterate and improve based on feedback

Transformer model is a deep learning model that uses self-attention mechanism to process sequential data.

• Utilizes self-attention mechanism to weigh the importance of different input elements

• Does not rely on recurrent or convolutional layers like traditional models

• Introduced in the 'Attention is All You Need' paper by Vaswani et al. in 2017

Various prioritisation methods are used in business analysis and product ownership to determine the order of tasks or features.

• MoSCoW method (Must have, Should have, Could have, Won't have)

• Kano model (Basic needs, Performance needs, Excitement needs)

• Value vs Effort matrix

• Weighted scoring model

• Opportunity scoring

• Theme screening

• Buy a feature