Urban Company Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Given time series data of provider, compute hour wise provider wise no of seconds online

Q1. Case study on the customer churn.
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Q2. Questions on Probability and CLT
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Q1. What are assumptions in Linear Regression
Ans. 
Assumptions in Linear Regression
• Linear relationship between independent and dependent variables

• Homoscedasticity (constant variance) of residuals

• Independence of residuals

• Normal distribution of residuals

• No multicollinearity among independent variables
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Q2. What are overfitting and underfitting
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Overfitting and underfitting are two common problems in machine learning models.
• Overfitting occurs when a model is too complex and fits the training data too closely, resulting in poor performance on new data.

• Underfitting occurs when a model is too simple and cannot capture the underlying patterns in the data, resulting in poor performance on both training and new data.

• Overfitting can be prevented by using regularizati...read more
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Q3. How do you improve the performance of Linear Regression
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To improve the performance of Linear Regression, you can consider feature engineering, regularization, and handling outliers.
• Perform feature engineering to create new features that capture important information.

• Apply regularization techniques like L1 or L2 regularization to prevent overfitting.

• Handle outliers by either removing them or using robust regression techniques.

• Check for multicollinearity among the independent...read more
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Q4. What are the metrics used to evaluate Linear Regression
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Metrics used to evaluate Linear Regression
• Mean Squared Error (MSE)

• Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)

• R-squared (R²)

• Adjusted R-squared (Adj R²)

• Mean Absolute Error (MAE)

• Residual Sum of Squares (RSS)

• Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)

• Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)
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Q5. What is Cost function and Error Function
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Cost function measures the difference between predicted and actual values. Error function measures the average of cost function.
• Cost function is used to evaluate the performance of a machine learning model.

• It measures the difference between predicted and actual values.

• Error function is the average of cost function over the entire dataset.

• It is used to optimize the parameters of the model.

• Examples of cost functions are ...read more
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Q6. How do you handle Overfitting in Linear Regression
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Overfitting in Linear Regression can be handled by using regularization techniques.
• Regularization techniques like Ridge regression and Lasso regression can help in reducing overfitting.

• Cross-validation can be used to find the optimal regularization parameter.

• Feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques can also help in reducing overfitting.

• Collecting more data can help in reducing overfitting by providing
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Q7. What is the difference between Least Squares Method and the maximum likelihood
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Least Squares Method and Maximum Likelihood are both used to estimate parameters, but differ in their approach.
• Least Squares Method minimizes the sum of squared errors between the observed and predicted values.

• Maximum Likelihood estimates the parameters that maximize the likelihood of observing the given data.

• Least Squares Method assumes that the errors are normally distributed and independent.

• Maximum Likelihood does n...read more
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Q8. What is the formula of Logistic Regression
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Logistic Regression formula is used to model the probability of a certain event occurring.
• The formula is: P(Y=1) = e^(b0 + b1*X1 + b2*X2 + ... + bn*Xn) / (1 + e^(b0 + b1*X1 + b2*X2 + ... + bn*Xn))

• Y is the dependent variable and X1, X2, ..., Xn are the independent variables

• b0, b1, b2, ..., bn are the coefficients that need to be estimated

• The formula is used to predict the probability of a binary outcome, such as whether...read more
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Q9. What is Type I and Type II error
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Type I error is rejecting a true null hypothesis, while Type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
• Type I error is also known as a false positive

• Type II error is also known as a false negative

• Type I error occurs when the significance level is set too high

• Type II error occurs when the significance level is set too low

• Examples: Type I error - Convicting an innocent person, Type II error - Failing to convi...read more
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Q10. What metrics do you use to evaluate classification models
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Metrics used to evaluate classification models
• Accuracy

• Precision

• Recall

• F1 Score

• ROC Curve

• Confusion Matrix
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Q11. How do you handle overfitting and underfitting in Decision Trees
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Overfitting in decision trees can be handled by pruning, reducing tree depth, increasing dataset size, and using ensemble methods.
• Prune the tree to remove unnecessary branches

• Reduce tree depth to prevent overfitting

• Increase dataset size to improve model generalization

• Use ensemble methods like Random Forest to reduce overfitting

• Underfitting can be handled by increasing tree depth, adding more features, and reducing regu...read more
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