UPL Graduate Trainee Interview Questions and Answers

Heat transfer is the process of energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object.

• Heat transfer can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact, like a metal spoon getting hot in a pot of soup.

• Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, like boiling water in a pot.

• Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves,

Distillation column separates components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points.

• Works on the principle of vapor-liquid equilibrium

• Liquid mixture is heated to create vapor, which rises through column

• Vapor condenses at different heights based on boiling points, separating components

• Components are collected at different points of the column

• Commonly used in oil refineries to separate crude oil into diff

Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact, convection is heat transfer through fluid movement, and radiation is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

• Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact of particles. Example: Touching a hot pan.

• Convection: Heat transfer through fluid movement. Example: Boiling water in a pot.

• Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves. Example: Feeling the warmth

Absorption is the process of taking in or soaking up something.

• Absorption can refer to the process of a substance being taken in by another substance, such as a sponge absorbing water.

• In the context of finance, absorption costing is a method of allocating all costs to the cost of production.

• In the context of pharmacology, absorption refers to the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream.

Current transformers are used to measure alternating current (AC) in high voltage circuits by stepping down the current to a lower value.

• Used to measure high currents in power systems

• Step down current to a safe level for measurement

• Provide isolation between high voltage circuits and measuring instruments

• Commonly used in energy meters, protective relays, and power quality monitoring systems

Induction motor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction to produce rotating magnetic field. Speed regulation is achieved by varying the supply frequency or voltage.

• Induction motor operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction

• It consists of a stator and a rotor

• Speed regulation can be achieved by varying the supply frequency or voltage

• Examples of speed control methods include VFD (Variable Frequency

The scope of chemical engineering is vast, encompassing various industries and applications.

• Chemical engineering involves the design, development, and operation of processes and systems that convert raw materials into useful products.

• It is applicable in industries such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food and beverage, energy, environmental engineering, and more.

• Chemical engineers work on improving efficiency, safe...read more

Distillation is a process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on their different boiling points.

• Distillation involves heating the mixture to vaporize the more volatile components.

• The vapor is then cooled and condensed back into liquid form, separating the components.

• The component with the lower boiling point will condense first and can be collected separately.

• Distillation is commonly used in industries s...read more

In the context of a liquid mixture, distillation refers to the selective boiling of a component and subsequent condensation of that component..

Heat transfer is the process of thermal energy transfer between objects or systems.

• Heat transfer is essential in various industrial processes, such as heating, cooling, and drying.

• It plays a crucial role in the design and operation of heat exchangers, boilers, and refrigeration systems.

• Heat transfer can occur through conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between...read more

Mass transfer refers to the movement of substances from one place to another in a system.

• Mass transfer is important in various industrial processes such as distillation, absorption, and extraction.

• It involves the transfer of mass or molecules between phases, such as gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, or solid-liquid.

• Mass transfer can occur through various mechanisms including diffusion, convection, and interfacial mass transfe...read more

Fans are used to create airflow in a specific direction, while blowers are used to generate high-pressure airflow in a concentrated area.

• Fans are typically used for cooling purposes in electronics or ventilation in buildings.

• Blowers are commonly used in HVAC systems, industrial processes, and automotive applications.

• Fans have lower pressure capabilities compared to blowers.

• Blowers are more efficient in moving air over ...read more

Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.

• Heat exchangers can be classified based on their construction (e.g. shell and tube, plate, finned tube)

• Design considerations include fluid flow rates, temperature ranges, material selection, and pressure drop

• Efficiency of heat exchangers can be improved by increasing surface area for heat transfer

• Examples of heat exchangers include car radiato...read more

Modes of heat transfer include conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact between particles or objects.

• Convection: Heat transfer through the movement of fluids or gases.

• Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

• Examples: Cooking on a stove (conduction), heating a room with a radiator (convection), feeling the warmth of the sun (radiation).

Different types of losses in pipes include frictional losses, sudden contraction/expansion losses, and bend losses.

• Frictional losses occur due to the resistance of the fluid flow against the pipe walls.

• Sudden contraction/expansion losses happen when the pipe diameter suddenly changes, causing turbulence and energy loss.

• Bend losses occur when the fluid flow changes direction, leading to additional resistance and energy

Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that involves the design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems.

• Involves designing and analyzing mechanical systems such as engines, machines, and tools

• Focuses on principles of mechanics, materials science, and thermodynamics

• Applications in various industries like automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing

• Examples include designing a car engine, optimizing a m...read more