50+ Post Graduate Engineer Trainee [pget] Interview Questions and Answers

Designing a shaft under bending, torsion and axial loads using Tresca or Von-Mises theory for ductile material.

• Shaft design involves considering the effects of bending, torsion, and axial loads.

• Tresca theory assumes that yielding occurs when the maximum shear stress in a material reaches a critical value.

• Von-Mises theory assumes that yielding occurs when the equivalent stress in a material reaches a critical value.

• Ductile materials are those that can undergo significant plast...read more

Resultant stiffness of two equal parts of a cut spring attached in parallel is 4K.

• When two springs are attached in parallel, the resultant stiffness is the sum of their individual stiffness.

• The stiffness of a spring is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area.

• Therefore, when a spring of length L and stiffness K is cut into two equal parts, each part will have a length of L/2 and a stiffness of 2K.

• When these two parts are attac...read more

The natural frequency of a simple mass system with the mass of the spring considered.

• Natural frequency is the frequency at which a system oscillates without any external force.

• The formula for natural frequency is sqrt(k/m)

• Where k is the spring constant and m is the mass of the system.

• The mass of the spring is added to the total mass of the system.

• Example: A mass of 2 kg is attached to a spring with a spring constant of 10 N/m. The mass of the spring is 0.5 kg. The natural fre...read more

The cost of Ceria bed used in the design of a catalytic converter is lower than the bed used in available catalytic converters.

• Ceria is a cost-effective material for catalytic converters.

• It is widely used in the automotive industry due to its affordability.

• Compared to other beds used in catalytic converters, Ceria offers a more economical solution.

• The lower cost of Ceria bed does not compromise the performance of the catalytic converter.

The criteria for designing a chassis involves considering various parameters such as structural integrity, weight distribution, material selection, and manufacturing processes.

• Structural integrity is crucial to ensure the chassis can withstand the loads and stresses it will encounter during operation.

• Weight distribution plays a key role in determining the vehicle's stability and handling.

• Material selection involves choosing materials with appropriate strength, stiffness, and ...read more

Hydrostatic state of stress is when stress is applied uniformly in all directions. The theory of failure used is Maximum Shear Stress Theory.

• Hydrostatic state of stress occurs when stress is applied uniformly in all directions.

• It is characterized by a state of zero shear stress.

• The theory of failure used for hydrostatic stress is Maximum Shear Stress Theory.

• This theory states that failure occurs when the maximum shear stress in a material exceeds the shear strength of the mat...read more

The rectangle will have greater load bearing capacity in the vertical position.

• The load bearing capacity of a rectangle depends on its orientation.

• In the vertical position, the weight is distributed along the longer side, resulting in greater load bearing capacity.

• In the horizontal position, the weight is distributed along the shorter side, resulting in lower load bearing capacity.

• The vertical position allows for better weight distribution and stability.

• Examples: A bookshelf ...read more

Temperature profile over a flat plate becomes parabolic due to the energy equation.

• The energy equation describes the conservation of energy in a fluid flow.

• For a flat plate, the energy equation simplifies to the heat conduction equation.

• The heat conduction equation is a second-order partial differential equation.

• The solution to the heat conduction equation for a flat plate yields a parabolic temperature profile.

• This parabolic profile is due to the balance between heat conduct...read more

I would choose Design over Testing.

• Design allows for creativity and innovation.

• Design involves problem-solving and critical thinking.

• Design offers the opportunity to create new products or improve existing ones.

• Design requires collaboration and communication with cross-functional teams.

• Design offers long-term career growth and advancement opportunities.

Different types of joining methods include welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and mechanical fastening.

• Welding involves melting and fusing two materials together, such as arc welding or gas welding.

• Brazing involves heating the materials and melting a filler metal to join them, such as silver brazing or copper brazing.

• Soldering involves heating the materials and melting a lower melting point filler metal to join them, such as electronics soldering or plumbing solde...read more

The inlet valve is opened before TDC to allow fresh air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. The spark plug is positioned at a specific angle for efficient combustion.

• Opening the inlet valve before TDC ensures that the piston is moving downwards, creating a pressure difference that helps in drawing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber.

• This timing also allows for better mixing of the air and fuel, leading to improved combustion efficiency.

• The spark plug is pos...read more

Explanation of velocity and shear stress profiles for circular pipe and Couette flow with boundary conditions.

• Velocity profile for circular pipe is parabolic, while for Couette flow it is linear.

• Shear stress profile for circular pipe is also parabolic, while for Couette flow it is constant.

• Boundary conditions for circular pipe include no slip at the wall and constant pressure at the ends.

• Boundary conditions for Couette flow include no slip at the stationary wall and constant ...read more

Stress-strain curves for Aluminium and mild steel

• Aluminium has a lower yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than mild steel

• Aluminium has a higher strain hardening rate than mild steel

• Mild steel has a higher modulus of elasticity than aluminium

• The stress-strain curve for aluminium is more ductile than that of mild steel

• The stress-strain curve for mild steel has a distinct yield point, while that of aluminium does not

Comprehensive strength of OPC ranges from 33-53 MPa at 28 days of curing after casting.

• OPC has high compressive strength due to its chemical composition

• It is commonly used in construction for its durability and strength

• The strength of OPC increases with time and proper curing

• Compressive strength is measured in MPa

• OPC has a comprehensive strength ranging from 33-53 MPa at 28 days of curing after casting

Explanation of engineering and true stress strain graphs and their different regions.

• Engineering stress-strain graph shows the relationship between stress and strain during deformation of a material.

• True stress-strain graph takes into account the reduction in cross-sectional area of the specimen during deformation.

• The different regions in the graph are elastic region, yield point, plastic region, necking and fracture.

• Elastic region is where the material behaves elastically an...read more

Increase in 1% moisture in boiler furnace leads to decrease in efficiency.

• Moisture in fuel leads to incomplete combustion and heat loss.

• Efficiency can decrease by 0.5-1% for every 1% increase in moisture.

• Regular maintenance and monitoring can prevent excessive moisture in furnace.

I need improvement in communication skills and technical knowledge.

• Improving my communication skills will help me effectively convey ideas and collaborate with team members.

• Enhancing my technical knowledge will enable me to tackle complex engineering problems more efficiently.

• Developing my problem-solving skills will help me approach challenges with a systematic and analytical mindset.

• Gaining more practical experience through hands-on projects will enhance my overall engineer...read more

The energy equation is a mathematical representation of the conservation of energy principle in various forms.

• The energy equation states that the total energy of a system remains constant.

• It includes terms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, internal energy, and work done.

• Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

• Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or condition.

• Internal energy is the sum of the microscopic k...read more

Changing the angle can have various effects depending on the context.

• Changing the angle can alter the direction or trajectory of a moving object.

• In physics, changing the angle of incidence can affect the amount of reflection or refraction of light.

• In engineering, changing the angle of a structural component can affect its stability or load-bearing capacity.

• In mathematics, changing the angle can affect the trigonometric functions and their values.

• In sports, changing the angle ...read more

A S.I./C.I. engine is a type of internal combustion engine that operates on either spark ignition or compression ignition.

• S.I. engine stands for Spark Ignition engine, where the fuel-air mixture is ignited by a spark plug.

• C.I. engine stands for Compression Ignition engine, where the fuel-air mixture is ignited by the heat of compression.

• In a S.I. engine, the fuel-air mixture is drawn into the cylinder during the intake stroke, compressed during the compression stroke, ignited...read more

A stress strain curve for MS during loading shows the relationship between stress and strain in the material.

• The curve has three distinct regions: elastic, plastic, and fracture.

• In the elastic region, stress is proportional to strain.

• In the plastic region, the material deforms permanently.

• The fracture region is where the material breaks.

• The curve can be used to determine the material's yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility.

Rubber is used in vibration isolation due to its ability to absorb shock and dampen vibrations.

• Rubber has high elasticity and can deform under pressure, which helps to absorb shock and dampen vibrations.

• Steel is a rigid material and does not have the same ability to absorb shock and dampen vibrations as rubber.

• Rubber is also lightweight and easy to install, making it a practical choice for vibration isolation applications.

• Examples of vibration isolation applications include e...read more

SFD and BMD are graphical representations of shear force and bending moment along a beam.

• SFD (Shear Force Diagram) shows the variation of shear force along the length of the beam.

• BMD (Bending Moment Diagram) shows the variation of bending moment along the length of the beam.

• SFD and BMD are important tools in structural analysis and design.

• They help in determining the maximum shear force and bending moment in a beam, which are crucial for selecting appropriate beam sizes and r...read more

The specific gravity of soil particles is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of soil to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water.

• Specific gravity is an important property of soil that helps in determining its suitability for various engineering applications.

• It is used to calculate the void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation of soil.

• The specific gravity of soil particles is affected by factors such as mineral composition, texture, and degree of weathering...read more

Explaining stiffness matrix of 1D beam element and stress-strain curve in FEM.

• Stiffness matrix of 1D beam element is a 2x2 matrix that relates the nodal displacements to the nodal forces.

• The stress-strain curve in FEM is used to determine the material properties of the beam element.

• The curve is obtained by applying a load to the beam and measuring the resulting strain.

• The slope of the curve is the modulus of elasticity, which is used to calculate the stiffness matrix.

The water absorption capacity of coarse aggregate is 0.5-1%.

• Water absorption capacity is the amount of water that can be absorbed by the aggregate.

• Coarse aggregates are larger than 4.75mm in size.

• Water absorption capacity affects the strength and durability of concrete.

• Examples of coarse aggregates include gravel, crushed stone, and slag.

The most used types of support are roller, pinned, and fixed.

• Roller supports allow for movement in one direction while restricting movement in other directions.

• Pinned supports allow for rotation at the joint but restrict translation.

• Fixed supports restrict both rotation and translation.

• The type of support used depends on the specific engineering application.

• For example, roller supports are commonly used in bridges to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.

• Pinned supports...read more

Trucks use various systems for efficient functioning.

• Braking system

• Fuel system

• Transmission system

• Suspension system

• Electrical system

• Cooling system

• Exhaust system

• Steering system

Coal contains various components including carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

• Coal is primarily composed of carbon, which makes up about 60-80% of its total weight.

• Sulfur is another common component found in coal, which can contribute to air pollution when burned.

• Coal also contains varying amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which can affect its energy content and burning characteristics.

• Trace elements such as arsenic, mercury, and lead may also be present ...read more

Critical points in stress strain curve of mild steel

• Elastic limit - point where material returns to original shape after stress is removed

• Yield point - point where material starts to deform plastically

• Ultimate tensile strength - maximum stress material can withstand before breaking

• Fracture point - point where material breaks

• Necking - localized reduction in cross-sectional area before fracture

• Modulus of elasticity - slope of the linear portion of the curve

• Ductility - ability o...read more

Slugging and fauling are terms used in coal handling. Slugging refers to the formation of lumps in coal, while fauling refers to the accumulation of fine coal dust.

• Slugging occurs when coal particles stick together due to moisture or other factors, forming large lumps that can clog coal handling equipment.

• Fauling occurs when fine coal dust accumulates in the air and settles on surfaces, creating a potential fire hazard.

• Both slugging and fauling can cause problems in coal hand...read more

Resonance is the phenomenon of oscillation at a specific frequency. It can be controlled by damping or changing the frequency.

• Resonance occurs when a system is subjected to an external force at its natural frequency.

• It can cause excessive vibrations and damage to the system.

• Resonance can be controlled by adding damping to the system or by changing the frequency of the external force.

• Examples of resonance include a swing, a tuning fork, and a wine glass shattering due to a hig...read more

The width of a highway for one line is typically 3.75 meters.

• The width of a highway can vary depending on the number of lanes and the location.

• In the US, the standard width for a single lane highway is 3.7 meters.

• In Europe, the standard width for a single lane highway is 3.5 meters.

• The width of a highway is important for safety and traffic flow.

• Wider highways can accommodate more traffic and reduce congestion.

There are several types of welding processes used in various industries.

• Arc welding: Uses an electric arc to create heat and join metals.

• Gas welding: Involves the use of a fuel gas and oxygen to create a flame for welding.

• Resistance welding: Utilizes the heat generated by resistance to electric current to join metals.

• TIG welding: Uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.

• MIG welding: Involves the use of a consumable wire electrode and a shielding gas.

• Spot w...read more

Operator overriding is redefining an operator in a subclass while overloading is defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Operator overriding is used to change the behavior of an operator in a subclass.

• Overloading is used to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overloading can be done with both unary and binary operators.

• Example of operator overriding: '+' operator in String class.

• Example of operator overloading: '+'...read more

Passion is a strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement towards something.

• Passion is a driving force that motivates and inspires individuals to pursue their interests and goals.

• It involves a deep emotional connection and dedication towards a particular activity or cause.

• Passion can lead to creativity, innovation, and a sense of fulfillment.

• Examples of passion include pursuing a career in music, volunteering for a social cause, or engaging in a hobby like painting or writing.

• P...read more

Transmissibility is the ability of a system to transmit or transfer energy from one point to another.

• It is a measure of the efficiency of energy transfer in a system.

• It is often used in mechanical engineering to describe the behavior of vibration isolation systems.

• Transmissibility is expressed as a ratio of output to input.

• A high transmissibility means that a system is transmitting a lot of energy, while a low transmissibility means that it is not.

• Examples of systems with hig...read more

Java does not support multiple inheritance.

• Java supports only single inheritance through classes.

• However, it supports multiple inheritance through interfaces.

• Diamond problem can occur in multiple inheritance.

Reducing GVW can be achieved through various methods.

• Reducing the weight of the vehicle components

• Using lightweight materials like aluminum instead of steel

• Optimizing the design of the vehicle to reduce weight

• Removing unnecessary features or equipment

• Reducing the amount of fuel or cargo carried

• Improving the aerodynamics of the vehicle

• Using regenerative braking to reduce energy consumption

• Implementing a more efficient engine or powertrain

• Proper maintenance to ensure the vehicl...read more

Critical damping is the minimum amount of damping required to prevent oscillation in a system.

• It is a type of damping that results in the fastest possible return to equilibrium without oscillation.

• It is used in engineering to prevent damage to structures and machinery.

• Examples include shock absorbers in cars and buildings designed to withstand earthquakes.

• It is calculated using the natural frequency of the system and the damping ratio.

• Overdamping and underdamping are two othe...read more

A braking system is designed to slow down or stop the motion of a vehicle or object.

• Braking systems use friction to convert kinetic energy into heat energy.

• Common types of braking systems include disc brakes, drum brakes, and regenerative brakes.

• Disc brakes use calipers and brake pads to clamp down on a rotating disc, creating friction and slowing down the vehicle.

• Drum brakes use brake shoes that press against the inside of a drum to slow down the vehicle.

• Regenerative brakes ...read more

Compression problem

• Compression is the process of reducing the size of data to save storage space or transmission time.

• Common compression algorithms include ZIP, GZIP, and DEFLATE.

• Lossless compression retains all the original data, while lossy compression sacrifices some data to achieve higher compression ratios.

• Compression can be applied to various types of data, such as text, images, audio, and video.

• Compression techniques include run-length encoding, Huffman coding, and Lem...read more

Aquifer is a layer of permeable rock that contains and transmits groundwater. Sand boiling is a phenomenon that occurs during earthquakes.

• Aquifer is a natural underground reservoir that holds water and allows it to flow through it.

• It is made up of permeable rocks like sandstone, limestone, and gravel.

• Sand boiling is a phenomenon that occurs during earthquakes when the ground shakes violently and water-saturated sand boils up to the surface.

• It is also known as liquefaction and...read more

Stress-strain curve shows the relationship between stress and strain in a material.

• The curve has three regions: elastic, plastic, and fracture.

• Elastic region shows linear relationship between stress and strain.

• Plastic region shows non-linear relationship between stress and strain.

• Fracture region shows the point at which the material breaks.

• The slope of the curve in the elastic region is called Young's modulus.

• The area under the curve in the plastic region represents the energ...read more

Yes, it is a foreign country duty.

• The job requires working in a foreign country.

• The company may provide relocation assistance.

• The candidate should be prepared for cultural differences.

• Language barriers may exist.

• The candidate should research the country and its customs before accepting the job.

Bearings are used to reduce friction between two moving parts while refrigeration is the process of cooling a space or substance.

• Bearings work on the principle of reducing friction between two moving parts by providing a smooth surface for them to roll or slide against each other.

• Refrigeration works on the principle of removing heat from a space or substance, which causes it to cool down.

• Bearings are commonly used in machines such as engines, turbines, and pumps to reduce fri...read more

Designing parameters of heat exchanger involves determining heat transfer rate, surface area, fluid flow rate, and material selection.

• Determine the heat transfer rate required for the application

• Select appropriate fluids and their flow rates

• Calculate the surface area required for heat transfer

• Choose suitable materials for construction based on operating conditions

• Consider factors such as pressure drop, fouling, and corrosion

• Optimize the design for efficiency and cost-effectiv...read more

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

• Compare adjacent elements and swap them if they are in the wrong order

• Repeat this process until the list is sorted

• Time complexity is O(n^2)

• Example: [5, 3, 8, 4, 2] -> [3, 5, 8, 4, 2] -> [3, 5, 4, 8, 2] -> [3, 5, 4, 2, 8] -> [3, 4, 5, 2, 8] -> [3, 4, 2, 5, 8] -> [3, 4, 2, 5, 8] -> [3, 2, 4, 5, 8] -> [2, 3, 4, 5, 8]