20+ MSR PROJECTS Interview Questions and Answers

I have worked on 4-10 layers. The decision to go for multilayer depends on complexity, signal integrity, and space constraints.

• Consider complexity of the design - more layers may be needed for complex circuits

• Evaluate signal integrity requirements - high speed signals may require multilayer PCBs

• Take into account space constraints - multilayer PCBs can help reduce size of the board

• Cost considerations - multilayer PCBs are more expensive to manufacture

• Examples: High-speed commu...read more

High-speed frequency refers to signals that operate at a fast rate, typically in the GHz range, requiring careful design considerations.

• High-speed frequency signals operate in the GHz range

• Design considerations include impedance matching, signal integrity, and controlled impedance routing

• Examples of high-speed designs include DDR memory interfaces and high-speed serial communication interfaces

The electronics world market is currently experiencing advancements in IoT, AI, 5G technology, and sustainability.

• Rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connecting everyday objects to the internet

• Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) leading to smarter devices and automation

• Rollout of 5G technology enabling faster and more reliable wireless communication

• Focus on sustainability with eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs

• Increased demand for wearab...read more

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing symbols are used to specify the dimensions, tolerances, and geometric characteristics of a part.

• GD&T symbols are used to communicate design requirements and ensure proper fit, function, and interchangeability of parts.

• Some common GD&T symbols include position, concentricity, perpendicularity, and flatness.

• These symbols are typically placed on engineering drawings and provide precise instructions for manufacturing and inspection processes...read more

ESD diodes are placed close to connector to protect the circuit from electrostatic discharge events.

• ESD diodes help to divert any electrostatic discharge away from the sensitive components connected to the connector.

• Placing ESD diodes close to the connector ensures that any ESD events are intercepted before reaching the rest of the circuit.

• ESD diodes provide a path of least resistance for the discharge to follow, protecting the circuit from damage.

• Examples of connectors where...read more

Proper crystal placement and routing are crucial for achieving the required frequency in PCB design.

• Place the crystal as close as possible to the microcontroller to minimize trace length and interference.

• Route the crystal traces away from noisy components and high-speed signals to reduce interference.

• Use ground planes and proper decoupling capacitors to ensure a stable and clean signal.

• Avoid crossing crystal traces with high-speed signals to prevent signal integrity issues.

• Co...read more

Various machines can be used to generate electricity, including turbines, generators, and engines.

• Turbines are commonly used in power plants to generate electricity from steam or water.

• Generators can be powered by various sources such as wind, solar, or fossil fuels to produce electricity.

• Engines, such as those in cars or airplanes, can also be used to generate electricity through alternators.

• Hydroelectric dams use turbines to generate electricity from the movement of water.

• N...read more

Pumps are devices used to move fluids through a system. There are various types of pumps such as centrifugal, positive displacement, and reciprocating pumps.

• Types of pumps include centrifugal, positive displacement, and reciprocating pumps

• API standards for pumps include API 610 for centrifugal pumps and API 674 for reciprocating pumps

• Pump design considerations include flow rate, pressure, material compatibility, and efficiency

Storage tank design involves following API standards and various types of storage tanks.

• API standards such as API 650 for welded steel tanks and API 620 for large, field-erected tanks

• Types of storage tanks include atmospheric storage tanks, pressure storage tanks, and refrigerated storage tanks

• Design considerations include material selection, tank size, pressure requirements, and safety features

A lathe machine can work at a speed of 1000 RPM.

• Lathe machines are used for shaping and cutting materials like metal, wood, and plastic.

• They can work at different speeds depending on the material and the type of cut required.

• A lathe machine with a high-speed motor can work at a speed of 1000 RPM or more.

• This speed is suitable for cutting materials like aluminum and brass.

• However, for harder materials like steel, a slower speed is required to prevent damage to the machine and ...read more

PCB Design flow involves schematic capture, component placement, routing, design verification, and manufacturing preparation.

• Schematic capture: Creating a visual representation of the circuit using software like Altium Designer or Eagle.

• Component placement: Placing components on the board to optimize signal integrity and minimize interference.

• Routing: Creating traces to connect components while considering factors like signal integrity, power distribution, and electromagnetic...read more

I chose mechanical engineering because of my passion for designing and building machines that improve people's lives.

• Fascination with how things work and desire to create innovative solutions

• Interest in applying principles of physics and mathematics to real-world problems

• Opportunities to work in diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace, and robotics

• Ability to contribute to sustainable development through energy-efficient designs

The gun that works like a superpower is the Railgun.

• Railgun uses electromagnetic force to launch projectiles at high speeds

• It can fire projectiles at Mach 7 speeds

• It has the potential to be more powerful than traditional guns

• It is currently being developed for military use

Dimensionless numbers are used in engineering to simplify equations and compare different systems.

• Dimensionless numbers help in scaling and comparing physical phenomena without the need for specific units.

• Examples include Reynolds number in fluid mechanics, Mach number in aerodynamics, and Peclet number in heat transfer.

• They provide insight into the dominant forces or mechanisms in a system.

• Dimensionless numbers are used to predict flow patterns, heat transfer rates, and othe...read more

Line sizing procedure involves determining the appropriate diameter of pipes for a given flow rate and pressure drop.

• Calculate the required flow rate and pressure drop for the system

• Use fluid properties and pipe material to determine the appropriate pipe size

• Consider factors such as velocity, friction loss, and future expansion

• Ensure the selected pipe size meets safety and regulatory requirements

• Common methods include using pipe sizing charts, software programs, or hand calcu...read more

Heat exchanger design involves selecting the appropriate type, size, and materials to efficiently transfer heat between two fluids.

• Consider the type of heat exchanger needed (e.g. shell and tube, plate heat exchanger)

• Calculate the required heat transfer area based on heat load and temperature difference

• Select materials compatible with the fluids and operating conditions

• Optimize flow rates to maximize heat transfer efficiency

Common DRC errors include clearance violations, trace width violations, and unconnected nets.

• Clearance violations occur when components are too close together

• Trace width violations happen when traces are too narrow

• Unconnected nets occur when a net is not properly connected to a component

• Other common DRC errors include overlapping objects and incorrect pad sizes

A man can lift a car by using a car jack or by having multiple people help lift it together.

• Use a car jack to lift the car off the ground

• Have multiple people help lift the car together

• Utilize leverage by lifting from a strong point on the car, such as the frame or bumper

CAD test ensures accuracy of design before manufacturing. Manufacturing possibilities depend on material, process, and cost.

• CAD test helps identify design flaws and ensure accuracy before manufacturing

• Manufacturing possibilities depend on material properties, manufacturing process, and cost

• CAD model can be optimized for manufacturability by adjusting tolerances, material selection, and design features

Types of strainers include Y-strainers, basket strainers, duplex strainers, and temporary cone strainers.

• Y-strainers are used for applications with low flow rates and are easy to clean.

• Basket strainers are commonly used in pipelines to remove larger particles.

• Duplex strainers have two separate strainer baskets for continuous operation.

• Temporary cone strainers are used during commissioning or maintenance to prevent debris from entering the system.

Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device, or machine.

• It is calculated as the ratio of the output force to the input force.

• A mechanical advantage greater than 1 indicates that the machine amplifies the input force.

• Examples include levers, pulleys, and gears which are designed to provide mechanical advantage in various applications.

Manufacturing process and guidelines are essential for ensuring quality and efficiency in production.

• Understanding the specific requirements of the product being manufactured

• Selecting the appropriate materials and tools for the manufacturing process

• Following established guidelines and standards to ensure consistency and quality

• Regularly monitoring and evaluating the manufacturing process for improvements

• Training and educating staff on proper manufacturing techniques and safet...read more

The candidate is asked to draw 5 objects with detailing in 2 hours.

• Plan your time effectively to ensure you can complete all 5 objects within the given timeframe.

• Start by brainstorming and sketching rough ideas for each object before finalizing the details.

• Focus on accuracy and attention to detail in your drawings.

• Consider using different perspectives or angles to showcase the objects effectively.

• Use shading, textures, and other techniques to add depth and realism to your dra...read more

CAD modelling of casting products

• CAD modelling involves creating a digital representation of casting products

• It helps in visualizing and analyzing the design before actual production

• CAD software like SolidWorks, AutoCAD, or CATIA are commonly used

• Design engineers need to consider factors like material properties, manufacturing processes, and structural integrity

• Examples of casting products include engine blocks, turbine blades, and metal components

Mechanical properties refer to the behavior of materials under applied forces, including strength, stiffness, toughness, and ductility.

• Mechanical properties include strength, stiffness, toughness, ductility, hardness, and fatigue resistance.

• Strength refers to the ability of a material to withstand an applied force without failure.

• Stiffness is the resistance of a material to deformation under load.

• Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform w...read more