40+ Interview Questions and Answers

Microwave works by emitting electromagnetic waves that heat up food. To set up links, you need to know the frequency and bandwidth. Interference can be caused by other electronic devices or physical obstacles.

• Microwave ovens emit electromagnetic waves that cause water molecules in food to vibrate and generate heat

• To set up links, you need to know the frequency and bandwidth of the microwave signal

• Factors that affect performance include distance, obstacles, and interference

• Int...read more

Coaxial cable is a type of cable that is used to transmit audio, video, and data signals.

• It consists of a central conductor, an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer.

• The two main types of coaxial cable are thinnet (RG-58) and thicknet (RG-8).

• Coaxial cable is commonly used in cable television, internet, and telephone systems.

• It provides better shielding and less signal loss than other types of cables.

• Coaxial cable is also used in high-frequency app...read more

Transmission losses include conductor losses, dielectric losses, radiation losses. VSWR is Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. Packet loss, latency, and jitter are different types of network performance issues.

• Transmission losses: conductor losses (resistance in conductors), dielectric losses (energy lost in insulating materials), radiation losses (energy radiated into space)

• VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): measure of how efficiently radio-frequency power is transmitted from a po...read more

Yes, I have a good understanding of C programming and principles.

• I have experience in writing C programs for various applications.

• I am familiar with the syntax and structure of C programming language.

• I understand the principles of data types, variables, functions, and control structures in C.

• I have worked with C libraries and APIs.

• I rate myself 8 out of 10 in C programming.

BB6630/5216/DUS/DUG/DUW is not a known term or acronym in the customer service industry.

• This term is not related to customer service or any common industry.

• It may be a product code or internal reference within a specific company.

• Without more context, it is impossible to provide a specific answer.

• It is important to ask for clarification or additional information when faced with unfamiliar terms.

MW equipments include radios, antennas, and transmission lines. Common faults in RAN and MW include interference, hardware failures, and alignment issues.

• MW equipments: radios, antennas, transmission lines

• Types of faults in RAN: interference, hardware failures, alignment issues

• Types of faults in MW: signal degradation, weather-related issues, alignment problems

Transmission lines are used to transmit electrical power or signals from one point to another.

• Transmission lines are made of conductive materials such as copper or aluminum.

• They are used to transmit power or signals over long distances.

• Transmission lines can be overhead or underground.

• The type of transmission line used depends on the amount of power or signal being transmitted.

• Examples of transmission lines include power lines, telephone lines, and fiber optic cables.

Connectivity from BBU to antenna is established through a coaxial cable.

• BBU (Baseband Unit) is connected to the antenna through a coaxial cable.

• The coaxial cable carries the radio frequency signals from the BBU to the antenna.

• The type and length of the coaxial cable used depends on the distance between the BBU and the antenna.

• The quality of the coaxial cable used affects the signal strength and overall performance of the network.

• Proper installation and maintenance of the coax...read more

SMPS stands for Switched Mode Power Supply. It converts AC to DC voltage using high-frequency switching.

• SMPS uses a high-frequency switching circuit to convert AC to DC voltage

• It is more efficient than traditional linear power supplies

• New rollouts can be deployed by following a structured project management approach

• This includes planning, testing, and implementation phases

• Regular communication with stakeholders is important to ensure successful deployment

To improve network availability in 4G architecture, we can implement redundancy, load balancing, and network optimization techniques.

• Implementing redundancy by adding backup components such as routers, switches, and servers to ensure network availability in case of failure.

• Load balancing can be achieved by distributing network traffic across multiple servers to prevent overloading of a single server.

• Network optimization techniques such as traffic shaping, packet prioritizatio...read more

AS number is a unique identifier assigned to an autonomous system. BGP is used for inter-domain routing. BGP process involves neighbor discovery, route advertisement, and route selection.

• AS number is a 16-bit or 32-bit number used to identify an autonomous system.

• BGP is used for inter-domain routing and is a path-vector protocol.

• BGP process involves neighbor discovery, where routers establish a TCP connection and exchange capabilities.

• Route advertisement, where routers exchan...read more

4G and 5G architecture differ in terms of technology and capabilities. SGW stands for Serving Gateway in LTE networks.

• 4G architecture is based on LTE technology, while 5G architecture is based on NR technology.

• 4G networks use EPC (Evolved Packet Core) for communication, while 5G networks use 5GC (5G Core).

• SGW (Serving Gateway) in LTE networks is responsible for routing and forwarding user data packets.

• In 5G networks, SGW functionality is split between UPF (User Plane Function...read more

CDM stands for Configuration and Data Management. It is a process of managing and maintaining the configuration and data of a system.

• CDM involves tracking and documenting changes made to a system's configuration and data.

• It ensures that all changes are properly authorized and documented.

• CDM helps in maintaining the integrity and consistency of a system's configuration and data.

• Examples of CDM tools include Git, Ansible, and Puppet.

OSI layers are a conceptual model for communication systems. SPT stands for Session, Presentation, and Transport layers.

• OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Session layer manages communication sessions between devices.

• Presentation layer handles data formatting and encryption.

• Transport layer ensures reliable data transfer between devices.

• SPT layers are Session, Presentation, and Transport layers.

• Understanding O...read more

Networking refers to the practice of connecting devices and systems to share information and resources.

• Networking involves the use of protocols and technologies such as TCP/IP, DNS, and DHCP.

• Networking can be done through wired or wireless connections.

• Networking allows for the sharing of resources such as printers, files, and internet connections.

• Networking can be used for communication between devices and systems, such as email and instant messaging.

• Networking security is im...read more

BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol. It is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks.

• BGP is used to connect different autonomous systems (AS) on the internet.

• It uses path vector routing to determine the best path for data to travel between networks.

• BGP has several attributes that determine the path selection, including AS path, next hop, local preference, and weight.

• AS path is a list of AS numbers that the route has traversed, and B...read more

I would first check the physical connections, then contact the ISP for support, and finally implement failover measures.

• Check physical connections to ensure they are secure and functioning properly

• Contact the ISP to report the issue and troubleshoot with their support team

• Implement failover measures such as using a secondary ISP link or rerouting traffic through a different network path

GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is a technology used in telecommunications networks for delivering high-speed internet, TV, and phone services.

• GPON uses passive optical splitters to divide the fiber optic signal among multiple users.

• It provides higher bandwidth and longer reach compared to traditional copper-based networks.

• GPON technology is commonly used by ISPs to deliver fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) services.

• Examples of GPON equipment include Optical Line Terminals (OLT...read more

A Network Engineer is responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining computer networks.

• They configure and troubleshoot network hardware and software.

• They ensure network security and performance.

• They collaborate with other IT professionals to ensure network compatibility.

• They may specialize in areas such as wireless networking or network architecture.

• Examples of network engineer certifications include CCNA, CCNP, and JNCIA.

GMS stands for Global System for Mobile communication, a standard for digital cellular networks. Networking involves connecting devices to share information.

• GMS is a standard used for mobile communication globally

• It allows devices to connect and communicate with each other wirelessly

• Networking involves setting up connections between devices to share data and resources

• Examples of networking include LAN, WAN, and the internet

Telecom refers to the technology and industry related to communication over long distances using various mediums such as telephone lines, satellites, and fiber optics.

• Telecom stands for telecommunications, which involves the transmission of information over long distances.

• It includes various technologies such as telephone networks, internet services, and wireless communication.

• Examples of telecom companies include AT&T, Verizon, and Vodafone.

• Telecom plays a crucial role in co...read more

OSI layers refer to the Open Systems Interconnection model, which defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection

• There are seven layers in the OSI model: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers

• Example: Physical layer deals with physical connections like cables, Data Link layer handles data framing ...read more

I was hired by XYZ Company, a leading tech firm known for its innovative solutions.

• XYZ Company is a well-known tech firm in the industry

• They are known for their innovative solutions and cutting-edge technology

Transport layer ensures reliable data transfer between end systems. Network layer provides logical addressing and routing.

• Transport layer segments and reassembles data into a stream of packets.

• Transport layer provides error checking and flow control.

• Network layer determines the best path for data to travel from source to destination.

• Network layer uses logical addressing to identify devices on a network.

• Examples of transport layer protocols include TCP and UDP.

• Examples of netw...read more

Network connections are established through various mechanisms such as wired, wireless, VPN, etc.

• Network connections can be established through wired connections like Ethernet cables

• Wireless connections use protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

• VPN connections use encryption to create a secure connection over the internet

• Network connections can also be established through cellular networks like 4G, 5G, etc.

The OSI model is a conceptual framework for understanding network communication.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.

• It has 7 layers, each with a specific function.

• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer communicates with the layer above and below it.

• The model helps ensure interoperability between different network devices and software.

• Example: HTTP (Application layer) uses TCP (Transport layer) which u...read more

Firewall acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network, controlling incoming and outgoing traffic based on predetermined security rules.

• Firewall filters network traffic based on rules set by administrators

• It can block or allow traffic based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, etc.

• Firewalls can be hardware-based or software-based

• Examples include Cisco ASA, Palo Alto Networks, and pfSense

Network theorems are mathematical rules used to analyze and simplify electrical circuits.

• Network theorems are used to simplify complex circuits and make them easier to analyze.

• Some common network theorems include Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, and Norton's Theorem.

• Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

• Kirchhoff's Laws state that the total current entering a junction must equal the t...read more

Types of network include LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, and VPN.

• LAN (Local Area Network) - used in small geographical areas like homes or offices

• WAN (Wide Area Network) - covers large geographical areas like cities or countries

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - spans a city or large campus

• WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - uses wireless technology for connectivity

• VPN (Virtual Private Network) - provides secure access over a public network

TCP/IP is a set of protocols used for communication between devices on the internet. OSI model is a conceptual framework for network communication.

• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

• It is a set of protocols that govern communication between devices on the internet

• TCP is responsible for ensuring reliable transmission of data while IP is responsible for routing the data to its destination

• OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model

• It is ...read more

To make a new product, conduct market research, identify customer needs, develop a prototype, test it, gather feedback, and iterate.

• Conduct market research to identify gaps in the market and customer needs

• Develop a prototype of the product based on the research findings

• Test the prototype with a focus group or beta testers to gather feedback

• Iterate on the product based on the feedback received to improve its features and functionality

GIS stands for Geographic Information System. It is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.

• GIS is used in various fields such as urban planning, environmental management, and emergency response.

• It allows users to visualize, analyze, and interpret data in a spatial context.

• GIS can be used to create maps, perform spatial analysis, and manage data.

• Examples of GIS software include ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth.

• GIS...read more

OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

• OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model

• It helps in understanding how different networking protocols work together

• The seven layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol, which is a technology that allows voice communication over the internet.

• VoIP converts analog voice signals into digital data packets that can be transmitted over the internet.

• It is a cost-effective alternative to traditional phone systems.

• Examples of VoIP services include Skype, WhatsApp, and Zoom.

• VoIP can be used for voice calls, video calls, and messaging.

• It requires a stable internet connection and a VoIP-enabled device such as...read more

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, modifying and terminating real-time sessions that involve video, voice, messaging and other communications applications and services between two or more endpoints on IP networks.

• SIP is used for initiating, maintaining, modifying and terminating real-time sessions

• It is a signaling protocol

• It is used for communication between two or more endpoints on IP networks

• SIP is commonly used for V...read more

NAP stands for Name, Address, and Phone Number. It is a crucial piece of information for local businesses to be found online.

• NAP is important for local SEO as search engines use this information to verify the legitimacy of a business.

• Consistency in NAP across all online platforms is crucial for better search engine rankings.

• NAP can also be used by customers to find and contact a business.

• Example: John's Pizza has consistent NAP across their website, Google My Business, Yelp, ...read more

The requirement and expectation for the Senior Manager position

• Lead and manage a team to achieve company goals

• Develop and implement strategies to improve performance

• Strong communication and leadership skills

• Experience in budgeting and financial management

• Ability to handle conflicts and make tough decisions

Yes, it is possible to relocate.

• Relocation is possible if the company has offices in other locations.

• Remote work is also an option for some positions.

• The candidate should discuss relocation options with the employer.

• Relocation expenses may be covered by the employer.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to find the best path for data packets in IP networks.

• OSPF is a link-state routing protocol

• It uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path

• OSPF routers exchange link-state advertisements (LSAs) to build a topology database

• It supports VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

• OSPF is widely used in large enterprise networks and ISPs

CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check, a method used to detect errors in data transmission.

• CRC is a type of hash function used to produce a checksum, which is a small, fixed-size value calculated from a larger set of data.

• The checksum is then transmitted along with the data and used at the receiving end to check for errors.

• If the checksum calculated at the receiving end does not match the transmitted checksum, it indicates that errors have occurred during transmission.

• CRC is...read more

Project life cycle refers to the stages a project goes through from initiation to completion.

• Initiation: Define project scope, objectives, and stakeholders.

• Planning: Create a detailed project plan, schedule, and budget.

• Execution: Implement the project plan and manage resources.

• Monitoring and Controlling: Track progress, identify issues, and make necessary adjustments.

• Closing: Finalize project deliverables, obtain client approval, and close out the project.

• Example: Software de...read more

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

• The OSI model helps in understanding how data is transmitted over a network.

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Examples of OSI layers include Physical layer, Data Link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Session layer, Presentation layer, and Application layer...read more

Fiber operations involve the installation, maintenance, and repair of fiber optic cables for telecommunications and internet services.

• Installation of fiber optic cables

• Maintenance of fiber optic cables

• Repair of fiber optic cables

• Testing and troubleshooting fiber optic cables

• Working with fiber optic equipment and tools

• Ensuring safety protocols are followed

• Collaborating with other teams to ensure efficient operations