Sophos Technologies Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Phase 1 is for establishing a secure channel and Phase 2 is for negotiating IPSec SAs.

• IKEv1 is a protocol used for VPN tunneling

• Phase 1 negotiates the parameters for the secure channel

• Phase 2 negotiates the IPSec SAs for data transmission

• Phase 1 uses Diffie-Hellman for key exchange

• Phase 2 uses either AH or ESP for data encryption and authentication

NAT-T is a protocol used to encapsulate and encrypt IPsec traffic when NAT is used in the network.

• NAT-T stands for Network Address Translation - Traversal

• It allows IPsec traffic to pass through NAT devices

• It encapsulates and encrypts IPsec traffic in UDP packets

• It uses port 4500 by default

• Example: A remote worker using a VPN to connect to their company's network from a hotel room with a NAT router

TCP flags are control bits used in TCP to indicate the status of a connection.

• TCP flags are 6 bits in the TCP header.

• They are used to indicate the status of a connection, such as whether it is being opened, closed, or reset.

• Some common TCP flags include SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, and URG.

• SYN is used to initiate a connection, ACK is used to acknowledge receipt of data, FIN is used to terminate a connection, RST is used to rese...read more

SSL Inspection is a process of intercepting and decrypting SSL/TLS traffic to inspect it for security purposes.

• SSL Inspection intercepts SSL/TLS traffic and decrypts it

• It allows inspection of encrypted traffic for security threats

• It requires a trusted root certificate to be installed on the device

• It can cause issues with end-to-end encryption and privacy concerns

SSL handshake is a process of establishing a secure connection between a client and a server.

• Client sends a request to the server to initiate the SSL handshake

• Server responds with its SSL certificate

• Client verifies the certificate and generates a symmetric key

• Client sends a message encrypted with the symmetric key to the server

• Server decrypts the message and sends a confirmation to the client

• The SSL handshake is comple

Penetration testing involves simulating various types of cyber attacks to identify vulnerabilities in a system.

• Types of attacks include phishing, malware, denial of service, and SQL injection.

• Penetration testing helps organizations identify weaknesses in their security measures.

• Examples of penetration testing tools include Metasploit, Nmap, and Burp Suite.

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, a secure connection that allows users to access the internet privately and securely.

• VPN encrypts data to ensure privacy and security

• It masks the user's IP address to protect their identity

• VPN can be used to access region-restricted websites or services

• Common VPN protocols include OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec, and IKEv2

EDR stands for Endpoint Detection and Response, a cybersecurity technology that continuously monitors and responds to potential threats on endpoints.

• EDR solutions collect and analyze endpoint data to detect suspicious activities and potential threats.

• They provide real-time visibility into endpoint activities and allow for quick response to incidents.

• Measures of EDR include threat detection, incident response, endpoint ...read more

Trojan is a type of malware disguised as legitimate software, while worm is a self-replicating malware that spreads through networks.

• Trojan is a non-self-replicating malware that requires user interaction to spread.

• Worm is a self-replicating malware that spreads through networks without user interaction.

• Trojans often appear as legitimate software or files to trick users into downloading and executing them.

• Worms exploit...read more