Salesforce Principal Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Linked list implementation
Ans. 
Linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.
• Nodes contain data and a reference to the next node

• Operations include insertion, deletion, and traversal

• Example: Singly linked list, Doubly linked list
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Q2. Arrays related DSA
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Q1. What you know about UKG
Ans. 
UKG is a leading provider of HR, payroll, and workforce management solutions.
• UKG stands for Ultimate Kronos Group, formed by the merger of Kronos Incorporated and Ultimate Software.

• They offer cloud-based human capital management software for HR, payroll, and workforce management.

• Their solutions help organizations streamline processes, improve employee engagement, and drive better business outcomes.
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Q2. Salary expectations
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Q1. Design a high performing network queue
Ans. 
Design a high performing network queue
• Use a priority queue to ensure efficient ordering of tasks

• Implement efficient data structures like linked lists or arrays for storing the queue elements

• Optimize for fast insertion and removal operations

• Consider using multithreading or parallel processing for handling multiple requests simultaneously
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Q2. Explain your contribution to projects
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I have led cross-functional teams to deliver high-quality software solutions on time and within budget.
• Led cross-functional teams to deliver software projects

• Ensured projects were completed on time and within budget

• Implemented best practices for software development

• Collaborated with stakeholders to gather requirements and provide updates

• Mentored junior team members to improve their skills
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Q1. Singleton Pattern in details
Ans. 
Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Ensures a class has only one instance by providing a global access point to it.

• Uses a private constructor to restrict instantiation of the class.

• Provides a static method to access the singleton instance.

• Commonly used in scenarios where only one instance of a class is needed, such as database connections or logging.

• Exampl...read more
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Q2. Difference between POJO and Bean
Ans. 
POJO is a Plain Old Java Object with private fields and public getters/setters, while a Bean is a Java class with private fields and public zero-argument constructors.
• POJO stands for Plain Old Java Object

• POJO has private fields and public getters/setters

• Bean is a Java class with private fields and public zero-argument constructors

• Beans are usually used in Java EE frameworks like Spring for dependency injection
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Q3. Product of an array except self
Ans. 
Calculate the product of all elements in an array except for the element itself.
• Iterate through the array and calculate the product of all elements except the current element.

• Use two separate arrays to store the product of elements to the left and right of the current element.

• Multiply the corresponding elements from the left and right arrays to get the final result.
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Q1. String a = "Something" String b = new String("Something") How many object created?
Ans. 
Two objects created - one in the string pool and one in the heap.
• String 'a' is created in the string pool, while String 'b' is created in the heap.

• String pool is a special area in the heap memory where strings are stored to increase reusability and save memory.

• Using 'new' keyword always creates a new object in the heap, even if the content is the same as an existing string in the pool.
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Q2. Predict Output based on whether static variables can be accessed from non-static method
Ans. 
Static variables can be accessed from non-static methods using an object reference or by making the variable non-static.
• Static variables can be accessed from non-static methods by creating an object of the class containing the static variable.

• Alternatively, the static variable can be made non-static to be accessed directly from a non-static method.

• Attempting to access a static variable directly from a non-static method
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Q3. Java 8 Features
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Q1. Write code to emulate Producer/Consumer Problem
Ans. 
Emulate Producer/Consumer Problem using code
• Create a shared buffer between producer and consumer

• Use synchronization mechanisms like mutex or semaphore to control access to the buffer

• Implement producer and consumer functions to add and remove items from the buffer respectively
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Q2. Write code to create a deadlock
Ans. 
Creating a deadlock involves two or more threads waiting for each other to release a resource they need.
• Create two threads, each trying to lock two resources in a different order

• Ensure that one thread locks resource A first and then tries to lock resource B, while the other thread locks resource B first and then tries to lock resource A

• This will result in a situation where each thread is waiting for the other to releas
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Q3. Write code to implement LRU Cache
Ans. 
Implement LRU Cache using a data structure like LinkedHashMap in Java
• Use LinkedHashMap to maintain insertion order

• Override removeEldestEntry method to limit cache size

• Update the access order on get and put operations
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Q4. Write code two merge and remove duplicates from two sorted arrays with any Collections
Ans. 
Merge and remove duplicates from two sorted arrays without using Collections
• Use two pointers to iterate through both arrays simultaneously

• Compare elements at each pointer and add the smaller one to the result array

• Skip duplicates by checking if the current element is equal to the previous element
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Q5. Questions related to Java Commands used to start a java program (mvn related)
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Q6. Java Memory Model
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Q7. Write code to start 5 threads
Ans. 
Code to start 5 threads in Java
• Create a class that implements the Runnable interface

• Instantiate 5 objects of the class

• Create 5 threads using the objects and start them
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Q8. String a = "Something" a.concat(" New") What will be garbage collected?
Ans. 
Only the original string 'Something' will be garbage collected.
• The concat method in Java does not modify the original string, but instead returns a new string with the concatenated value.

• In this case, 'a' remains as 'Something' and a new string 'Something New' is created, but not assigned to any variable.

• Since the new string is not stored in any variable, it will not be garbage collected.
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Q9. Write code to read a file
Ans. 
Code to read a file in Java
• Use FileReader and BufferedReader classes to read the file

• Handle exceptions using try-catch blocks

• Close the file after reading using close() method
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Q1. Understanding of the project structure.
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Q1. Framework related questions
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Q1. Culture fitment queries.
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DS systems and concurrency question.

Design an circular linked list

Went through the previous projects and asked some design question

Q1. EXPLAIN current project application architecture.
Ans. 
Current project application architecture is microservices-based with containerization using Docker and orchestration with Kubernetes.
• Microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility

• Containerization with Docker for easy deployment and management

• Orchestration with Kubernetes for automated scaling and load balancing
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Q2. Explain Oauth and Jwt implementation
Ans. 
OAuth is an authorization framework that allows third-party applications to obtain limited access to a user's data without exposing their credentials. JWT is a compact, self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.
• OAuth allows users to grant access to their resources without sharing their credentials directly.

• JWT is a token format that can be used for securely transmitting i...read more
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Q3. Web Api implementation and pattern used
Ans. 
Web API implementation using RESTful architecture with MVC pattern.
• Use RESTful principles for designing API endpoints

• Implement controllers to handle incoming requests and return responses

• Leverage MVC pattern for separating concerns and improving maintainability

• Utilize DTOs (Data Transfer Objects) for transferring data between layers

• Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms for secure access
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I had 6 interviews held one after other without sharing feedback and in last they rejected

Q1. About spark basics
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Q2. Ds and algorithm interview
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