50+ ThoughtWavez Consultants Interview Questions and Answers

Financial market is a platform where buyers and sellers trade financial assets such as stocks, bonds, currencies, and commodities.

• Financial market facilitates the exchange of financial assets between buyers and sellers

• It includes stock markets, bond markets, currency markets, and commodity markets

• Financial market plays a crucial role in the economy by allocating capital to businesses and governments

• Examples of financial markets include NYSE, NASDAQ, London Stock Exchange, and...read more

Primary market is where new securities are issued and sold for the first time, while secondary market is where already issued securities are traded among investors.

• Primary market is also known as the new issue market.

• Companies issue securities in the primary market to raise capital.

• Investors buy securities in the primary market directly from the issuer.

• Secondary market is also known as the stock market.

• Investors buy and sell securities in the secondary market among themselves...read more

EPS stands for Earnings Per Share. Balance sheet always matches due to the fundamental accounting equation.

• EPS is a financial metric that measures the profit earned by a company per outstanding share of common stock.

• It is calculated by dividing the net income of the company by the total number of outstanding shares.

• Balance sheet always matches because of the fundamental accounting equation which states that assets must always equal liabilities plus equity.

• This means that ever...read more

Impairment is the reduction in the value of an asset due to damage, obsolescence, or other factors.

• Impairment is a decrease in the value of an asset.

• It can be caused by physical damage, obsolescence, or changes in market conditions.

• The impairment process involves assessing the asset's current value and comparing it to its original cost.

• If the current value is lower, the asset is impaired and its value is adjusted accordingly.

• Impairment can be temporary or permanent, and can a...read more

Depreciation and amortization are accounting methods used to allocate the cost of assets over their useful lives.

• Depreciation is the allocation of the cost of tangible assets, such as buildings or equipment, over their useful lives.

• Amortization is the allocation of the cost of intangible assets, such as patents or copyrights, over their useful lives.

• Both depreciation and amortization are non-cash expenses that reduce the value of an asset over time.

• Depreciation and amortizati...read more

Current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations. PE ratio is a valuation ratio that compares a company's current share price to its per-share earnings.

• Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities

• PE ratio = Market value per share / Earnings per share

• Current ratio indicates the company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities

• PE ratio indicates how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings

• Highe...read more

V-lookup and H-lookup are Excel functions used to search for specific data in a table and return corresponding values.

• V-lookup searches for a specific value in the leftmost column of a table and returns a corresponding value from a specified column to the right.

• H-lookup searches for a specific value in the top row of a table and returns a corresponding value from a specified row below.

• Both functions are commonly used in data analysis and reporting to quickly retrieve informat...read more

Red herring is a misleading clue or piece of information that diverts attention from the actual issue.

• It is a tactic used in debates, investigations, and storytelling.

• It is intentionally used to mislead or distract the audience.

• Examples include false leads in detective stories and irrelevant arguments in debates.

• The term originated from the practice of using smoked herrings to distract hunting dogs.

EPS stands for Earnings Per Share and DPS stands for Dividends Per Share.

• EPS is a financial metric that measures the amount of profit a company has earned per share of its outstanding common stock.

• DPS is the amount of dividends paid out per share of common stock.

• EPS is used to evaluate a company's profitability and is often used by investors to determine the value of a company's stock.

• DPS is an important metric for investors who are looking for a steady stream of income from ...read more

Income statements show a company's revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period.

• Income statements are also known as profit and loss statements.

• They typically include revenue, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, and net income.

• The structure of an income statement is usually divided into two sections: revenue and expenses.

• Revenue includes all the money a company earns from sales, while expenses include all the costs associated with running the busine...read more

Book building process is a method used by companies to determine the price at which their shares will be offered to the public.

• Companies invite bids from investors for their shares during a specified period.

• Based on the bids received, the final price of the shares is determined.

• The process helps in gauging investor interest and setting an optimal price for the shares.

• Book building is commonly used in initial public offerings (IPOs) to determine the offer price of the shares.

Angel investors are individuals who provide financial backing for small startups or entrepreneurs, typically in exchange for ownership equity in the company.

• Angel investors are usually wealthy individuals who invest their own money into early-stage companies.

• They often provide not only funding but also mentorship and guidance to the entrepreneurs.

• Angel investors typically invest in industries they are familiar with or have expertise in.

• Some famous angel investors include Pete...read more

Truncate removes all rows from a table, while delete removes specific rows. Truncate is faster but cannot be rolled back.

• Truncate is a DDL operation while delete is a DML operation

• Truncate resets the identity seed of the table, delete does not

• Truncate is faster as it does not log individual row deletions, delete logs each row deletion

• Truncate cannot be used on tables referenced by a foreign key constraint, delete can be used

• Truncate operation cannot be rolled back, delete ope...read more

Views are virtual tables that simplify complex queries. Indexes can be created on views to improve performance.

• Views are virtual tables created by querying one or more tables.

• They simplify complex queries by storing the query logic in the view.

• Indexes can be created on views to improve query performance.

• Indexes on views can speed up data retrieval by allowing the database to quickly locate the relevant data.

Plan ETL for various data sources by identifying sources, defining data extraction methods, transforming data, and loading into target systems.

• Identify all data sources and understand their structure and format

• Define data extraction methods based on the source systems (e.g. APIs, databases, files)

• Transform data as needed to match the target system's schema and requirements

• Consider data quality issues and implement data cleansing processes

• Load the transformed data into the tar...read more

Balancing feature costs involves prioritizing based on user needs and business goals.

• Identify user needs and prioritize features accordingly

• Consider the impact on business goals and revenue

• Evaluate the cost of development and maintenance

• Use data and feedback to make informed decisions

• Consider the potential impact on user experience

• Prioritize features that align with the product roadmap

• Consider the competition and market trends

Clustered index physically reorders the data in the table, unclustered index does not, unique index enforces uniqueness of values.

• Clustered index physically reorders the data in the table based on the index key. Only one clustered index per table.

• Unclustered index does not reorder the data in the table. Can have multiple unclustered indexes per table.

• Unique index enforces uniqueness of values in the indexed column(s). Can be clustered or unclustered.

Temp table is local to a session, global table is accessible across sessions, variable table is a table variable declared in a function or stored procedure.

• Temp table is created and dropped automatically when the session ends.

• Global table is created using a double hash (##) prefix and is accessible across sessions.

• Variable table is a table variable declared in a function or stored procedure and is only accessible within that scope.

Product managers play a crucial role in UI and UX design by collaborating with designers and developers to ensure a seamless user experience.

• Product managers work closely with designers and developers to ensure that the UI and UX align with the product vision and goals.

• They use various tools such as wireframing and prototyping software to create and test designs.

• Product managers also conduct user research and gather feedback to inform design decisions.

• They prioritize features...read more

CDC stands for Change Data Capture in SQL Server.

• CDC is a feature in SQL Server that captures changes made to data in a table.

• It allows you to track insert, update, and delete operations on the table.

• CDC uses a separate table to store the changes made to the tracked table.

• It is useful for auditing, data replication, and data warehousing purposes.

Performing actions using Selenium on a website

• Identify the element using locators such as ID, class, name, etc.

• Perform the desired action using Selenium commands like click(), sendKeys(), etc.

• Handle any pop-ups or alerts that may appear during the action

• Use explicit or implicit waits to ensure the element is loaded before performing the action

Spring is a framework for building Java applications, while cloud platform provides infrastructure for deploying and scaling applications.

• Spring provides a set of tools and frameworks for building Java applications, while cloud platform provides infrastructure for deploying and scaling those applications.

• Spring can be used with any cloud platform, while cloud platform can support applications built with any framework.

• Spring provides features like dependency injection, AOP, an...read more

Error handling in SQL involves using try-catch blocks, raising custom errors, and using error functions.

• Use TRY-CATCH blocks to handle errors gracefully

• Raise custom errors using RAISEERROR function

• Use error functions like ERROR_MESSAGE(), ERROR_NUMBER(), ERROR_SEVERITY(), ERROR_STATE(), and ERROR_LINE() to retrieve error information

Java program for manipulating arrays of strings.

• Declare an array of strings using String[] arrayName = new String[length];

• Access individual elements using arrayName[index];

• Use loops to iterate through the array and perform operations on each element.

• Use built-in methods like length() and split() to manipulate strings within the array.

Bulk insert is a process of inserting a large amount of data into a database at once.

• Efficient way to insert large volumes of data into a database

• Reduces overhead by minimizing the number of transactions

• Often used for data migration or loading data from external sources

Synonyms are words that have similar meanings.

• Synonyms are words that can be used interchangeably in a sentence.

• They help in avoiding repetition and adding variety to the language.

• Examples include: big and large, happy and joyful, fast and quick.

Various techniques were used to improve performance including caching, optimizing database queries, and using asynchronous programming.

• Caching was implemented to reduce the number of requests to the server.

• Database queries were optimized by using indexes and reducing the number of joins.

• Asynchronous programming was used to improve responsiveness and reduce blocking.

• Code profiling was done to identify bottlenecks and optimize them.

• Load testing was performed to identify perform...read more

When drill down for ownership stops

• Ownership drill down stops when the responsible party for a task or project has been identified

• It involves assigning accountability and decision-making authority to the appropriate individual or team

• Ownership can also stop when a project is completed or when a decision has been made

Collection in Java is a framework that provides interfaces and classes to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Collections can be used to store objects of any type.

• Some common collection types include ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, and TreeMap.

• Collections can be sorted, searched, and filtered using various methods.

• Iterators can be used to traverse through collections and perform operations on each element.

• Collections can also be used in conjunction with streams to perform ...read more

To get the 3rd last node of a linked list, we can use two pointers approach.

• Start two pointers at the head of the linked list

• Move the first pointer to the 3rd node from the beginning

• Then move both pointers one node at a time until the first pointer reaches the end

Merge operation in SQL is used to combine two sets of data into a single result set.

• Merge operation is used to insert, update, or delete data in a target table based on the results of a join with a source table.

• It is commonly used for data synchronization between two tables.

• Syntax: MERGE INTO target_table USING source_table ON condition WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET column1 = value1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);

Kafka is run in cluster mode by setting up multiple Kafka brokers to distribute data and provide fault tolerance.

• Set up multiple Kafka brokers on different machines.

• Configure each broker with unique broker.id and port number.

• Update the server.properties file on each broker to specify the Zookeeper connection string.

• Start each broker individually to join the cluster.

• Use replication factor and partitioning to ensure fault tolerance and scalability.

Operating expenses are the costs associated with running a business on a day-to-day basis.

• Operating expenses include rent, utilities, salaries, and supplies.

• These expenses are necessary for the ongoing operation of the business.

• They are distinct from capital expenses, which are investments in assets like equipment or property.

• Operating expenses are listed on a company's income statement and are subtracted from revenue to calculate net income.

Ratio analysis is a financial tool used to evaluate a company's performance by analyzing relationships between financial variables.

• Ratio analysis involves comparing different financial ratios to assess a company's financial health and performance.

• It helps in identifying trends, strengths, weaknesses, and potential areas of improvement.

• Common ratios used in ratio analysis include liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and solvency ratios.

• For example, the current ratio is a li...read more

M&A stands for mergers and acquisitions. Rounds of funding refer to the stages of investment a company goes through.

• M&A involves the consolidation of companies through various financial transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, or takeovers.

• Rounds of funding are the different stages of investment a company goes through to raise capital, typically starting with seed funding, followed by Series A, B, C, etc.

• Each round of funding represents a new infusion of capital into the c...read more

Net worth is the total assets minus total liabilities of an individual or company.

• Net worth is a measure of wealth and financial health.

• It is calculated by subtracting total liabilities from total assets.

• For example, if someone has assets worth $500,000 and liabilities of $200,000, their net worth would be $300,000.

When you stop drill down, you are pausing the detailed analysis to focus on the bigger picture.

• Stop drill down means temporarily halting the deep dive into specific details

• It allows you to step back and look at the overall situation or problem

• Helps in gaining perspective and identifying key issues or trends

• Example: When analyzing a production issue, you may stop drill down to assess the impact on overall operations

Ratio analysis is a method of evaluating the financial performance of a company by analyzing the relationships between various financial variables.

• Ratio analysis involves comparing different financial ratios to assess the company's profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and solvency.

• Common ratios used in ratio analysis include the current ratio, quick ratio, return on equity, and debt-to-equity ratio.

• It helps investors, creditors, and management make informed decisions about t...read more

Depreciation in cash flow statement is a non-cash expense that reduces net income but does not impact cash flow.

• Depreciation is added back to net income in the cash flow statement because it is a non-cash expense.

• It represents the allocation of the cost of an asset over its useful life.

• Depreciation is important for assessing the true cash flow generated by a business.

• It is typically found in the operating activities section of the cash flow statement.

A balance sheet is like a snapshot of all the things a company owns and owes at a specific point in time.

• A balance sheet shows what a company owns (assets) and what it owes (liabilities) at a specific point in time.

• Assets are things like money, buildings, equipment, and inventory that the company owns.

• Liabilities are things like loans, bills, and other debts that the company owes to others.

• The difference between assets and liabilities is called equity, which is like the compa...read more

Designing Instagram involves creating a visually appealing platform for sharing photos and videos.

• Focus on user-friendly interface for easy navigation

• Include features like filters, stories, and direct messaging

• Implement algorithms for personalized content recommendations

• Allow users to interact through likes, comments, and shares

• Ensure strong privacy and security measures for user data protection

Designing WhatsApp involves creating a user-friendly messaging app with features like text, voice, video calls, group chats, and media sharing.

• Focus on creating a simple and intuitive user interface

• Include features like text messaging, voice and video calls, group chats, and media sharing

• Implement end-to-end encryption for user privacy and security

• Allow users to customize their profiles and settings

• Provide options for users to easily connect with their contacts

• Regularly updat...read more

Developed a predictive model for customer churn using machine learning algorithms.

• Used Python and scikit-learn library for data preprocessing and model building

• Performed feature engineering to improve model performance

• Evaluated model performance using metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall

Unicorns are mythical creatures often depicted as horse-like animals with a single horn on their forehead.

• Unicorns are often associated with purity, grace, and magic.

• They are commonly depicted in folklore, fairy tales, and fantasy literature.

• In popular culture, unicorns are often portrayed as white horses with a colorful horn.

• Some cultures believe that unicorn horns have healing properties.

• The unicorn is the national animal of Scotland.

Use CSS to create a backdrop for a webpage.

• Use the 'background' property to set the color or image of the backdrop.

• Set the 'position' property to 'fixed' to ensure the backdrop covers the entire viewport.

• Adjust the 'z-index' property to ensure the backdrop is behind other elements.

Duration refers to the length of time that something lasts or continues.

• Duration is a measure of time.

• It can be expressed in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or years.

• Duration can be used to measure the length of events, processes, or intervals.

• For example, the duration of a movie could be 2 hours and 30 minutes.

• In project management, duration refers to the time it takes to complete a task or project.

Convexity is a measure of the curvature of a curve or surface.

• Convexity is a concept used in mathematics and finance.

• In mathematics, convexity refers to the property of a curve or surface that lies entirely on one side of a line or plane.

• In finance, convexity measures the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rates.

• Convexity is important in risk management and portfolio optimization.

• Example: A bond with positive convexity will have a greater increase in price w...read more

Excel formulas are used to perform calculations and manipulate data in Excel spreadsheets.

• Excel formulas start with an equal sign (=) followed by the function or calculation.

• Common Excel functions include SUM, AVERAGE, IF, VLOOKUP, and CONCATENATE.

• Formulas can reference cells, ranges, or other worksheets in the same workbook.

• Excel formulas can be used to perform mathematical operations, logical comparisons, text manipulation, and more.

Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, and streams.

• Lambda expressions allow for functional programming and simplify code

• Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions

• Streams provide a way to process collections of data in a functional style

• Default methods allow for adding methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations

• Date and time API improvements

• Nashorn JavaScript engine

Event loop in JavaScript manages asynchronous operations by executing callback functions in a queue.

• Event loop is responsible for handling asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• It allows non-blocking I/O operations by executing callback functions in a queue.

• Event loop continuously checks the call stack and the callback queue to determine which function to execute next.

• setTimeout and setInterval functions are examples of asynchronous operations managed by the event loop.