Renesas Electronics India Physical Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is cross talk
Ans. 
Cross talk is the unwanted transfer of signals between different components or traces on a circuit board.
• Occurs when signals from one trace interfere with signals on another trace

• Can lead to signal distortion or errors in data transmission

• Prevented by proper spacing and shielding between traces

• Example: Cross talk between data lines on a PCB causing errors in communication
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Q2. How to define generated clocks through edges
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Generated clocks through edges are defined by specifying the source clock and the edge on which the generated clock is based.
• Specify the source clock for the generated clock

• Define the edge (rising/falling) on which the generated clock is based

• Use tools like Synopsys Design Compiler to define generated clocks
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Q1. Floorplan strategies to calculate maximum macro counts that can be used in a block, placement constraints, congestion issues.
Ans. 
Floorplan strategies involve calculating maximum macro counts, considering placement constraints and addressing congestion issues.
• Floorplan strategies involve determining the maximum number of macros that can be accommodated within a block.

• Placement constraints refer to the rules and guidelines that dictate where macros can be placed within the block.

• Congestion issues arise when there is limited space or resources avai...read more
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Q2. Multi cycle paths, timing violations in reg2reg path.
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Q3. Routing issues, signal integrity, IR drop analysis.
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Q4. Logical DRC's, causes and fixing strategies.
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Q1. Issues and fixes faced during previous projects.
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Q2. Placement, CTS, CMOS concepts
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Q3. LVS, Design for manufacturing.
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Q1. Toggle the bits of given input
Ans. 
Toggle the bits of given input
• Create a mask with all bits set to 1

• XOR the input with the mask to toggle the bits

• Repeat the process for each bit position
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Q2. Clear the set bit
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Q1. Print the star pattern
Ans. 
Print a star pattern using loops
• Use nested loops to print the desired pattern

• Increment the number of stars in each row to create the pattern

• Example: for a pattern with 5 rows - * , ** , *** , **** , *****
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Q2. Microprocessor microcontroller topics are asked
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Q1. Assertions and coverage
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Q2. Umv basic principle
Ans. 
UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) basic principle is to provide a standardized methodology for verifying digital designs.
• UVM is based on SystemVerilog and provides a framework for creating reusable verification environments

• It promotes the use of object-oriented programming techniques for creating modular and scalable testbenches

• UVM encourages the use of constrained-random stimulus generation and coverage-driven ...read more
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Mcq questions based on aptitude(a bit ) and digital design, VLSI, Clock related questions

Q1. Had 4 technical interview rounds, Face-to face in Microchip Office 1st round - digital electronics based + coding(verilog or Vhdl) 2nd round - analog, microcontrollers, Digital electronics based questions ...read more
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Q1. The question was draw cmos inverter transfer characteristics and by varying some parameters they asked their effects on it.
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Q1. Sdc basics TCL coding
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Q1. Temperature of the design you worked for?
Ans. 
The temperature of the design I worked on was optimized to ensure proper functionality and reliability.
• The temperature was carefully controlled to prevent overheating and ensure performance.

• Thermal analysis was conducted to determine the optimal operating temperature.

• Cooling solutions such as heat sinks or fans were implemented to manage heat dissipation.

• Examples: The design operated within a temperature range of 0-70 ...read more
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Q2. Mention the corners you worked in
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