Pitney Bowes Senior Technical Architect Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Describe security in micro services
Ans. 
Security in microservices involves implementing authentication, authorization, encryption, and monitoring.
• Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms to control access to microservices

• Use encryption to secure communication between microservices

• Implement monitoring and logging to detect and respond to security incidents

• Consider using API gateways for centralized security control

• Implement rate limiting and thro
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Q2. Design sn app with admin snd user roles
Ans. 
Create an app with admin and user roles
• Implement role-based access control (RBAC)

• Admins have access to all features and can manage users

• Users have limited access based on their role

• Use authentication and authorization mechanisms

• Consider using frameworks like Spring Security or Django's authentication system
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Q1. Why do you want to join us?
Ans. 
I am excited about the innovative projects and collaborative team at your company.
• Impressed by company's reputation in the industry

• Excited about the opportunity to work on cutting-edge projects

• Looking forward to collaborating with talented team members
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Q2. Why are you looking for a change?
Ans. 
Seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth.
• Looking for opportunities to work on more complex projects

• Interested in expanding my skill set and learning new technologies

• Seeking a more collaborative and innovative work environment
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Java assesment.

Q1. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round consisted of 1 question from DSA with easy level of difficulty and then the rest of the questions were asked from DBMS and SQL.

Q1. 
Trailing Zeros in Factorial Problem
Find the number of trailing zeroes in the factorial of a given number N.
Input:
The first line contains an integer T representing the number of test cases.
Each of the...read more
Ans. 
Count the number of trailing zeros in the factorial of a given number N.
• Iterate through each test case and calculate the factorial of N.

• Count the number of trailing zeros by dividing the factorial by 10 until the remainder is not 0.

• Return the count of trailing zeros for each test case.
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Q2. Can you explain the concept of ACID properties in DBMS?
Ans. 
ACID properties in DBMS ensure data integrity and consistency.
• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that all operations in a transaction are completed successfully or none at all.

• Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after the transaction.

• Isolation ensures that multiple transactions can run concurrently without affecting each other.

• Durabi...read more
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Q3. What is meant by normalization and denormalization?
Ans. 
Normalization is organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Denormalization is adding redundant data to improve read performance.
• Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and dependency by dividing the data into multiple tables and defining relationships between them.

• Denormalization is the process of adding redundant data to one or more tables...read more
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Q4. How do you take a backup of a table in MySQL?
Ans. 
Use the mysqldump command to take a backup of a table in MySQL.
• Use the mysqldump command followed by the database name and table name to take a backup of a specific table.

• Specify the username and password for the MySQL database using the -u and -p flags.

• Redirect the output of the mysqldump command to a file to save the backup.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had questions revolving around Java and Selenium. Core concpets of Selenium were very frequent in
this interview.

Q1. What is a JIT compiler?
Ans. 
JIT compiler stands for Just-In-Time compiler, which compiles code during runtime instead of ahead of time.
• JIT compiler converts bytecode into machine code on-the-fly

• Improves performance by optimizing frequently executed code

• Examples include Java HotSpot, .NET CLR
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Q2. What are the advantages of using Packages in Java?
Ans. 
Packages in Java help organize and manage classes and interfaces, provide access control, and prevent naming conflicts.
• Organize classes and interfaces into a single unit for better maintainability

• Provide access control by using access modifiers like public, private, protected, and default

• Prevent naming conflicts by using unique package names

• Facilitate modular programming and code reusability
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Q3. What is the difference between assert and verify commands in Selenium?
Ans. 
Assert commands in Selenium are used to verify the expected result of a test case, while verify commands are used to check for the presence of an element without halting the test execution.
• Assert commands halt the test execution if the verification fails, while verify commands continue with the test execution even if the verification fails.

• Assert commands are used to validate the expected result of a test case, while v...read more
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Q4. When should I use Selenium Grid?
Ans. 
Selenium Grid is used for parallel testing across multiple browsers, devices, and operating systems.
• Use Selenium Grid when you need to run tests in parallel to save time.

• It is useful for testing on multiple browsers, devices, and operating systems simultaneously.

• Helps in reducing test execution time by distributing tests across multiple nodes.

• Useful for large test suites that require testing on various configurations.

• C...read more
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Q5. What are the different types of waits available in Selenium WebDriver?
Ans. 
Different types of waits in Selenium WebDriver include Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.
• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a condition to be true with a specified polling frequency and timeout.
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round .HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my role.

Q1. Why should we hire you?
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Q2. Why are you looking for a job change?
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