Pine Labs Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is HTML and CSS?
Ans. 
HTML and CSS are markup languages used for creating and styling web pages.
• HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is used for structuring content on web pages.

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is used for styling the appearance of web pages.

• HTML uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links.

• CSS allows for customization of colors, fonts, layout, and other visual aspects of a web...read more
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Q2. Operating Systems, DBMS, Python
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Low-level design interview
I need to design a Music player app using oops concept

Q1. Sort the stack in O(1) time complexity
Ans. 
Use an additional stack to store sorted elements and maintain the minimum element at the top of the original stack.
• Create a new stack to store sorted elements.

• Pop elements from the original stack and compare with the top element of the new stack.

• If the popped element is smaller, push it to the new stack. If larger, keep popping from the new stack and push to the original stack until the correct position is found.

• Repeat...read more
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Q2. Difference between process and thread
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A process is an instance of a program running on a computer, while a thread is a smaller unit of execution within a process.
• A process has its own memory space, while threads within the same process share memory.

• Processes are independent of each other, while threads within the same process can communicate with each other.

• Processes are heavyweight, requiring separate memory and resources, while threads are lightweight an...read more
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Q3. Difference between abstract class and interface
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Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
• Abstract class can have constructor, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any of these.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class is used to provide a common base for multiple derived classes, while interface is used to define a contract fo...read more
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Q4. What is race condition?
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A race condition is a situation in which the outcome of a program depends on the order of execution of its threads or processes.
• Occurs when multiple threads or processes access shared data or resources concurrently

• Can lead to unpredictable behavior or bugs in the program

• Prevented by using synchronization mechanisms like locks or semaphores

• Example: Two threads trying to increment a shared variable simultaneously
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Q5. What is normalization in dbms
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Normalization in DBMS is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization involves breaking down a database into smaller, more manageable tables.

• It helps in reducing data redundancy by storing data in a structured way.

• There are different normal forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, etc.

• Example: In a database of students, instead of storing student details in multiple ...read more
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