20+ Interview Questions and Answers

The fopen, fseek, and other file handling functions in Linux are implemented using various techniques and constraints.

• fopen function is used to open a file and returns a file pointer

• fseek function is used to set the file position indicator

• Other file handling functions like fread, fwrite, fclose, etc. are used for reading, writing, and closing files

• To handle large files, techniques like memory mapping, buffered I/O, and asynchronous I/O can be used

• Memory mapping allows accessi...read more

To find a loop in a linked list, we use Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm.

• Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm uses two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other.

• If there is a loop in the linked list, the two pointers will eventually meet.

• To detect the meeting point, we reset one of the pointers to the head of the linked list and move both pointers at the same speed.

• The meeting point is the start of the loop.

LRU, MRU and LFU are caching algorithms used to manage memory in computer systems.

• LRU stands for Least Recently Used and removes the least recently used items from the cache when the cache is full.

• MRU stands for Most Recently Used and removes the most recently used items from the cache when the cache is full.

• LFU stands for Least Frequently Used and removes the least frequently used items from the cache when the cache is full.

• All three algorithms are used to optimize memory us...read more

Identify memory leak in code

• Check for any dynamically allocated memory that is not being freed

• Look for any infinite loops or recursive functions that consume memory

• Use memory profiling tools like Valgrind to detect leaks

• Check for any global variables that are not properly managed

A mutex is a synchronization primitive that ensures only one thread can access a resource at a time.

• Create a mutex object using the appropriate library or language-specific function.

• Lock the mutex before accessing the shared resource to prevent other threads from accessing it.

• Unlock the mutex after finishing the operation on the shared resource to allow other threads to access it.

• Example: pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); // ...read more

To check if a number is a power of 2, we can use bitwise operations.

• A power of 2 has only one bit set to 1, so we can use the bitwise AND operator to check if the number is a power of 2.

• If n is a power of 2, then n & (n-1) will be 0.

• For example, 8 (1000 in binary) is a power of 2, and 8 & 7 (0111 in binary) is 0.

Check if array has continuous increasing and decreasing values

• Loop through the array and check if each element is greater than the previous one

• Once you find the maximum element, check if the remaining elements are in decreasing order

• If yes, return true else false

Sort a stack without using another data structure

• Use recursion to pop the top element and insert it at the bottom of the remaining stack

• Repeat until the stack is sorted in ascending order

• Time complexity: O(n^2), space complexity: O(n) due to recursion

I enjoy the strategic planning, problem-solving, and cross-functional collaboration involved in product management.

• I like the opportunity to work on innovative products and bring them to market.

• I enjoy analyzing market trends and customer feedback to make data-driven decisions.

• I appreciate collaborating with various teams such as engineering, marketing, and sales to ensure successful product launches.

The process of purchase involves identifying needs, researching options, making a selection, negotiating terms, and completing the transaction.

• Identify the need for a product or service

• Research available options and compare prices

• Make a selection based on budget and requirements

• Negotiate terms such as price, delivery, and payment

• Complete the transaction by making the purchase

The camel banana problem is a classic puzzle about transporting bananas using a camel.

• The puzzle involves a camel, a pile of bananas, and a destination.

• The camel can only carry one banana at a time.

• The camel cannot walk while carrying a banana.

• The goal is to transport all the bananas to the destination using the camel.

• The solution involves a series of trips, with the camel carrying one banana at a time.

Design a cricinfo (LLD)

• Identify the entities: players, teams, matches, scorecards, tournaments, etc.

• Define the relationships between entities

• Create a database schema to store the data

• Implement APIs to fetch and update data

• Design a UI to display the information

• Consider scalability and performance

• Ensure data security and privacy

A purchase order is a document issued by a buyer to a seller, indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services.

• Purchase orders are used in business transactions to ensure both parties are in agreement on the terms of the sale.

• They typically include details such as item descriptions, quantities, prices, payment terms, and delivery dates.

• Purchase orders help track expenses, manage inventory, and provide a record of transactions.

• They are legally binding d...read more