Morgan Stanley Associate Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Longest common prefix
Ans. 
The longest common prefix is the longest sequence of characters that is common to all strings in an array.
• Iterate through the characters of the first string

• Compare each character with the corresponding character in the other strings

• Stop when a character doesn't match or when the end of any string is reached

• Return the common prefix
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Hackerrank coding test

Q1. Tell me about yourself?
Ans. 
I am a highly motivated and dedicated individual with a strong background in the field of finance.
• I have a Bachelor's degree in Finance from XYZ University.

• I have worked as a financial analyst at ABC Company for the past two years.

• I am skilled in financial modeling, data analysis, and risk assessment.

• I have a proven track record of successfully managing complex financial projects.

• I am a detail-oriented and analytical t...read more
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Q2. What are your strengths and weakness?
Ans. 
My strengths include strong communication skills, attention to detail, and ability to work well in a team. My weaknesses include being overly critical of my own work and sometimes struggling with time management.
• Strength: Strong communication skills

• Strength: Attention to detail

• Strength: Ability to work well in a team

• Weakness: Being overly critical of my own work

• Weakness: Struggling with time management
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Q3. How are strengths related to this profile
Ans. 
Strengths are directly related to the requirements and responsibilities of the Associate profile.
• Strengths such as attention to detail and organization are important for managing tasks and projects effectively.

• Strong communication skills are essential for collaborating with team members and clients.

• Analytical and problem-solving abilities are valuable for identifying and resolving issues efficiently.

• Adaptability and fl...read more
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Q4. What is enterprise value and how is it calculated?
Ans. 
Enterprise value is the total value of a company, including debt and equity.
• Enterprise value is calculated by adding market capitalization, debt, and minority interest, and then subtracting cash and cash equivalents.

• It represents the total value of a company that an acquirer would have to pay to take over the company.

• Enterprise value is a more accurate representation of a company's value than market capitalization alon...read more
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Q5. What is market cap and how would you explain in Lehman terms?
Ans. 
Market cap is the total value of a company's outstanding shares. It's calculated by multiplying the current stock price by the number of shares outstanding.
• Market cap is short for market capitalization.

• It's a measure of a company's size and value.

• It's calculated by multiplying the current stock price by the number of shares outstanding.

• For example, if a company has 1 million shares outstanding and the current stock pri...read more
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Q6. Types of valuation and reason for using each one of them
Ans. 
Valuation methods include market, income, and asset-based approaches, each used for different purposes.
• Market approach: based on comparable sales of similar assets in the market

• Income approach: based on the present value of expected future income generated by the asset

• Asset-based approach: based on the value of the asset's tangible and intangible assets

• Market approach is commonly used for real estate, income approach f...read more
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Q1. Tell me about your background
Ans. 
I have a diverse background with experience in various industries and roles.
• I have a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.

• I have worked in the finance industry for 3 years as a financial analyst.

• I also have experience in the technology sector, where I worked as a project manager for a software development company.

• I have strong problem-solving and analytical skills.

• I am a quick learner and adapt well to new envi
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Q2. Qtns on job description
Ans. 
The question is about the job description.
• Clarify the responsibilities and duties of the job

• Ask about the required skills and qualifications

• Inquire about the work environment and company culture
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Q1. Tell me about your educational background
Ans. 
I have a strong educational background with a focus on business and finance.
• Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from XYZ University

• Master's degree in Finance from ABC University

• Completed various courses in accounting, economics, and statistics

• Participated in internships at financial institutions to gain practical experience
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Q2. Your future aspirations
Ans. 
To become a successful Associate and eventually progress to a leadership role.
• To gain expertise in my field and continuously learn and grow

• To take on more responsibilities and contribute to the success of the organization

• To develop strong leadership and communication skills

• To build a network of professional connections and mentors

• To achieve recognition and advancement within the company
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Q3. Reason behind leaving last job
Ans. 
Seeking better growth opportunities and career advancement.
• Desire for professional growth and development

• Limited opportunities for advancement in previous role

• Looking for a more challenging and fulfilling position

• Seeking a company with a better cultural fit

• Relocation or personal reasons
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Q1. Tell me about yourself.
Ans. 
I am a highly motivated and experienced professional seeking an Associate position.
• I have a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.

• I have 5 years of experience in sales and marketing.

• I am skilled in data analysis and problem-solving.

• I have a proven track record of exceeding sales targets.

• I am a team player and have excellent communication skills.
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Q2. What did you do at your previous job?
Ans. 
I worked as a sales associate at a retail store.
• Assisted customers in finding and purchasing products

• Handled cash transactions and operated the cash register

• Stocked shelves and maintained inventory

• Provided excellent customer service and resolved complaints

• Assisted in organizing promotional events and displays
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Q3. Do you know any programming languages or Can you write a script on sql if I asked you to?
Ans. 
Yes, I am proficient in SQL and can write scripts upon request.
• Proficient in SQL and can write scripts for various purposes

• Familiar with other programming languages such as Java and Python

• Experience in database management and data analysis

• Can provide examples of previous SQL scripts upon request
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Q4. Can you explain dcf to me? Can dcf be applied to equity?
Ans. 
DCF is a valuation method used to estimate the value of an investment based on its future cash flows.
• DCF involves projecting future cash flows and discounting them back to their present value.

• It can be applied to equity by estimating the future cash flows of a company and discounting them back to their present value to determine the company's intrinsic value.

• DCF is commonly used in investment banking and finance to val...read more
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Q5. What do you plan to do once you start this job? what are your goals & what will you do after you have achieved your current goals?
Ans. 
My goal is to excel in my role as an Associate and contribute to the success of the company. Once I achieve my current goals, I plan to take on more responsibilities and grow within the organization.
• Excel in my role as an Associate

• Contribute to the success of the company

• Take on more responsibilities

• Grow within the organization
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Q6. What was your motive for switching your field? what motivated you to pursue this certification?
Ans. 
I switched fields to pursue new challenges and opportunities.
• Seeking new challenges and growth

• Exploring different career paths

• Expanding knowledge and skills

• Taking advantage of opportunities in the new field

• Passion for the subject matter

• Aligning career goals with personal interests

• Example: I switched from marketing to data analysis because I wanted to work more directly with data and utilize my analytical skills.
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Q7. Do you have any questions? (absolutely ask & keep asking questions until the interviewer themself tries to end the interview)
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Q1. How do you calculate NAV
Ans. 
NAV is calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets and dividing by the number of outstanding shares.
• Calculate the total value of assets in the fund

• Subtract any liabilities or expenses from the total assets

• Divide the remaining value by the number of outstanding shares to get the NAV

• For example, if a fund has $1,000,000 in assets and $100,000 in liabilities with 100,000 outstanding shares, the NAV would be ($1,000,
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Q2. Difference between Hedge fund and Mutual fund
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Hedge funds are actively managed investment funds that use various strategies to maximize returns, while mutual funds are pooled funds managed by professionals to invest in a diversified portfolio of securities.
• Hedge funds are typically only available to accredited investors, while mutual funds are open to the general public.

• Hedge funds often have higher fees and require a larger minimum investment compared to mutual f...read more
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Q1. Take us through your CV
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Q2. What processes were done in your previous job?
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Q3. How do you handle pressure?
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Q1. Technical questions
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Q1. Tell about yourself and past experience
Ans. 
I am a dedicated professional with 5 years of experience in marketing and project management.
• Worked as a marketing coordinator for XYZ Company

• Managed multiple projects simultaneously, ensuring timely completion

• Strong communication and organizational skills

• Proficient in data analysis and reporting
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Basic questions about option trading

Q1. When would a put option holder exercise the option?
Ans. 
A put option holder would exercise the option when the underlying asset's price is below the strike price.
• Put option holders exercise when the market price of the underlying asset is lower than the strike price.

• They exercise to sell the asset at a higher price than the market price.

• Put options are often exercised before the expiration date if the market conditions are favorable.

• Exercising a put option allows the holder...read more
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Q2. If the price of a security is showing an upward trend, who would gain - a put option holder or a call option holder?
Ans. 
Call option holder would gain.
• A call option gives the holder the right to buy the security at a predetermined price, known as the strike price.

• If the price of the security is showing an upward trend, the call option holder can exercise their option and buy the security at the lower strike price, then sell it at the higher market price for a profit.

• On the other hand, a put option gives the holder the right to sell the s...read more
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Q3. Call option holder as he will be able to purchase at the exercise price
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Q1. What do you understand by hedge funds?
Ans. 
Hedge funds are investment funds that use various strategies to generate high returns for their investors.
• Hedge funds are typically only available to accredited investors due to their high-risk nature.

• They often use leverage and derivatives to amplify returns.

• Hedge funds can invest in a wide range of assets, including stocks, bonds, commodities, and currencies.

• Some hedge funds employ long-short strategies, where they s...read more
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Q2. Hedge funds in simple terms is like mutual funds but enjoy liberties far greater than mutual funds to invest in high risk and OTC instruments
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