Morgan Stanley Sales Interview Questions and Answers

A bond is a debt security that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower.

• Bonds are issued by corporations, municipalities, and governments to raise capital.

• They have a fixed interest rate and a maturity date when the principal is repaid.

• Bonds are generally considered less risky than stocks but offer lower potential returns.

• Investors can buy and sell bonds on the secondary market.

• Examples of bonds include U.S....read more

Fund Accounting is a specialized accounting system used by non-profit organizations and government agencies to track and manage funds.

• It involves tracking and reporting on the financial activity of specific funds or grants.

• It ensures that funds are used for their intended purposes and that financial reports are accurate and transparent.

• Examples include tracking donations to a non-profit organization or managing governm...read more

I listed a job that I was fired from after only a few weeks.

• Listed a job where I was fired after a few weeks

• Didn't provide a clear explanation for why I was let go

• Didn't highlight any skills or accomplishments from that job

I admire Dr. Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, an IIT Bombay alumnus, for his contributions to science and technology.

• Dr. Mashelkar is a chemical engineer and has made significant contributions to the field of polymer science.

• He has also served as the Director General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and has been awarded numerous honors, including the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan.

• Dr. Mashelkar has a...read more

The eurozone crisis refers to the economic and financial difficulties faced by some countries in the European Union.

• The crisis began in 2009 with the Greek debt crisis and spread to other countries in the eurozone.

• It was caused by a combination of factors including high levels of debt, low economic growth, and structural problems within the eurozone.

• The crisis led to bailouts of several countries by the European Centra...read more

The Libor Scam was a manipulation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) by banks to benefit their own trading positions.

• Libor is a benchmark interest rate used globally for financial products

• Banks were found to have manipulated the rate to benefit their own trading positions

• The scandal resulted in billions of dollars in fines for banks involved

• Several high-profile bankers were also convicted for their involvemen...read more

Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset or security.

• Derivatives can be used for hedging or speculation.

• Examples of derivatives include futures, options, and swaps.

• Derivatives can be traded on exchanges or over-the-counter.

• Derivatives can be complex and involve significant risk.

• Derivatives played a role in the 2008 financial crisis.

Failure to avoid fiscal cliff could lead to severe economic repercussions globally and in the US, with India also being affected.

• The US economy could experience a recession, with a potential decrease in GDP and increase in unemployment rates

• Global financial markets could experience volatility and uncertainty

• India could be affected due to its close economic ties with the US, with potential impacts on trade and investmen...read more

Prime Services is a suite of financial services offered by investment banks to hedge funds and other institutional clients.

• Prime brokerage

• Securities lending

• Cash management

• Risk management

• Trade execution

• Reporting and analytics

• Examples: Goldman Sachs Prime Services, J.P. Morgan Prime Services

QE stands for Quantitative Easing. It is a monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the economy.

• QE involves the central bank buying government bonds or other securities from the market to increase the money supply.

• The increased money supply is intended to lower interest rates, encourage borrowing and spending, and boost economic activity.

• QE is typically used when interest rates are already low and traditional...read more

Find an odd occurring number among even occurring numbers.

• Use XOR operation to cancel out even occurring numbers and get the odd occurring number.

• Iterate through the array and XOR each element with the result variable.

• The final result will be the odd occurring number.

Print the spiral order of a binary tree and matrix.

• For binary tree, use level order traversal and alternate direction for each level.

• For matrix, use four pointers to traverse in spiral order.

• Example for binary tree: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9

• Example for matrix: 1 2 3 4 -> 8 7 6 5 -> 9 10 11 12 -> 16 15 14 13

Finding pairs in an array with a given sum.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the difference between the given sum and the element exists in the array.

• Use a hash table to store the elements of the array and their indices for faster lookup.

• If there are multiple pairs with the same sum, return any one of them.

• If no pair is found, return null or an empty array.

Find total number of k element with given avg in an array in minimum time complexity.

• Use sliding window technique to traverse the array in O(n) time complexity.

• Maintain a sum variable to keep track of the sum of elements in the window.

• If the sum of elements in the window is equal to k times the given avg, increment the count.

• Move the window by subtracting the first element and adding the next element in the array.

Printing non-boundary elements of a binary tree

• Traverse the tree in any order (preorder, inorder, postorder)

• Check if the current node is not a boundary node (not the first or last node in its level)

• If it is not a boundary node, print its value

• Recursively traverse its left and right subtrees

Yes, I have coded in curriculum. The most complex one was a project on building a web application using React and Node.js.

• Built a full-stack web application using React and Node.js

• Implemented user authentication and authorization using JSON Web Tokens (JWT)

• Used MongoDB as the database and Mongoose as the ODM

• Implemented real-time updates using Socket.IO

• Deployed the application on Heroku

• Handled errors and implemented log

Big data refers to large and complex data sets that cannot be processed using traditional data processing methods.

• Big data is characterized by its volume, velocity, and variety

• It is used in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and retail

• Examples of big data include social media data, sensor data, and transactional data

• It is called 'big' because it involves processing massive amounts of data

• Big data requires ...read more

I am passionate about technology and eager to learn new skills in the IT sector.

• I have always had a keen interest in technology and enjoy working with computers.

• I believe the IT sector offers more opportunities for growth and advancement in my career.

• I have seen the impact of technology on various industries and want to be a part of that innovation.

• I have taken courses in programming and networking to prepare myself fo

To find the product of all data points using SelectSum(), log(), and exp() functions.

• Use the log() function to convert the product into a sum of logarithms

• Apply the SelectSum() function to calculate the sum of logarithms

• Finally, use the exp() function to convert the sum back into the product

Payoff curves of a Call Option and Put Option

• A Call Option gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset at a specified price (strike price) on or before a specified date (expiration date)

• The payoff of a Call Option is positive when the price of the underlying asset is higher than the strike price

• The payoff of a Call Option is limited to the premium paid for the option

• A Put Option gives the holder the right to ...read more

The amount of sand in a hole of dimension x on a beach cannot be determined without additional information.

• The volume of sand in the hole depends on the depth of the hole as well as its length and width.

• To calculate the volume, the formula V = lwh can be used, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the depth of the hole.

• Without knowing the specific dimensions of the hole, it is impossible to determine the amou

The expected number of coin tosses to get 3 consecutive heads is 14.

• The probability of getting a head in a single coin toss is 1/2.

• The probability of getting 3 consecutive heads is (1/2)^3 = 1/8.

• The expected number of tosses to get 3 consecutive heads is the reciprocal of the probability, which is 8.

• However, the first two tosses can be tails, so we need to add 2 more tosses, making the total expected number of tosses 1

Estimating the number of street lamps in Kanpur is challenging without specific data.

• The number of street lamps in Kanpur can vary depending on factors like population density, road network, and urban development.

• One approach to estimate the number of street lamps is to consider the average number of lamps per kilometer of road.

• Another approach is to analyze the city's electricity consumption data to determine the appr...read more