100+ Piping Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The basic difference between Pipe specification A106 Gr.A / Gr.B/ Gr.C is the carbon content and mechanical properties.

• A106 Gr.A has the lowest carbon content and is suitable for low-temperature applications.

• A106 Gr.B has a slightly higher carbon content and is commonly used for high-temperature applications.

• A106 Gr.C has the highest carbon content and offers better mechanical properties.

• Gr.B and Gr.C are interchangeable in terms of pressure and temperature ratings.

• The choice...read more

NB of pipe is equal to OD of Pipe from size 14 inches onwards.

• NB stands for Nominal Bore and represents the internal diameter of a pipe.

• OD stands for Outside Diameter and represents the total diameter of a pipe.

• For most pipe sizes, the NB is smaller than the OD.

• However, from size 14 inches onwards, the NB of the pipe is equal to the OD.

• This means that for pipes with a size of 14 inches or larger, the internal diameter is the same as the total diameter.

The most commonly used material for gaskets is rubber.

• Rubber is widely used due to its excellent sealing properties.

• It is resistant to various fluids and can withstand a wide range of temperatures.

• Rubber gaskets are commonly used in piping systems, engines, and industrial applications.

• Other materials like cork, silicone, and graphite are also used depending on the specific requirements.

Flanges can be classified based on face finish into several types.

• Raised face flanges

• Flat face flanges

• Ring type joint flanges

• Tongue and groove flanges

• Male and female flanges

Smooth finish flanges are used for low pressure applications, while serrated finish flanges are used for high pressure applications.

• Smooth finish flanges have a flat surface and are typically used in low pressure systems.

• Serrated finish flanges have a grooved surface and are used in high pressure systems to provide better grip and sealing.

• Smooth finish flanges are commonly used in water supply systems, HVAC systems, and low-pressure pipelines.

• Serrated finish flanges are often...read more

Flanges can be classified based on facing into several types.

• Flanges can be classified as flat face (FF), raised face (RF), ring type joint (RTJ), tongue and groove (T&G), and male and female (M&F) facing.

• Flat face (FF) flanges have a flat surface and are used for low-pressure applications.

• Raised face (RF) flanges have a raised surface to provide a sealing area and are commonly used in medium to high-pressure applications.

• Ring type joint (RTJ) flanges have a groove and are us...read more

Compressible fluids can be compressed while incompressible fluids cannot be compressed.

• Compressible fluids have a variable density and volume, while incompressible fluids have a constant density and volume.

• Examples of compressible fluids include gases like air and steam, while examples of incompressible fluids include liquids like water and oil.

• Compressible fluids follow the gas laws, while incompressible fluids follow the laws of fluid mechanics.

• Compressible fluids are used ...read more

API, ISO, and ANSI are the most commonly used standards for line sizing of different types of pumps.

• Different types of pumps include centrifugal, positive displacement, and axial flow pumps.

• API 610 is used for centrifugal pumps, ISO 13709 for heavy-duty centrifugal pumps, and ANSI/HI 9.6.3 for positive displacement pumps.

• Line sizing is important to ensure proper flow rate and pressure drop in the system.

• Factors such as fluid properties, temperature, and viscosity should also ...read more

The procedure for erecting a Heat Exchanger involves several steps including site preparation, foundation installation, equipment placement, piping connection, and testing.

• Prepare the site by leveling the ground and ensuring adequate space for the equipment

• Install the foundation to support the weight of the Heat Exchanger

• Place the Heat Exchanger on the foundation and secure it in place

• Connect the piping to the Heat Exchanger and ensure proper alignment and support

• Test the Hea...read more

CS and LTCS materials can be identified by their carbon content and impact testing results.

• Check the material test report (MTR) for carbon content and impact testing results

• CS materials typically have a carbon content of 0.25% or higher, while LTCS materials have a carbon content of 0.15% or lower

• LTCS materials also require impact testing at low temperatures to ensure their toughness

• Visual inspection of the material may also reveal differences in color or surface finish

Alignment of a column can be checked using various methods.

• Visual inspection can be done to check if the column is straight and vertical.

• Laser alignment tools can be used to check the alignment of the column.

• String lines can be used to check the alignment of the column.

• Plumb bobs can be used to check the vertical alignment of the column.

• Optical instruments like theodolites can be used to check the alignment of the column.

• Measurements can be taken at different points along the...read more

304 and 316 can be differentiated by their chemical composition and physical properties.

• 304 contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel while 316 contains 16% chromium, 10% nickel, and 2% molybdenum.

• 316 is more resistant to corrosion and pitting than 304.

• 316 is commonly used in marine environments and chemical processing plants while 304 is used in food processing and brewing industries.

• The magnetic properties of 304 and 316 also differ, with 304 being magnetic and 316 being non-magn...read more

ISO drawings show the complete view of a piping system in a single drawing, while P&ID drawings focus on the interconnections of the piping system.

• ISO drawings provide a comprehensive view of the entire piping system in a single drawing, including all components and connections.

• P&ID drawings focus on the interconnections of the piping system, showing the flow of fluids, equipment, and instrumentation.

• ISO drawings are used for fabrication and construction purposes, while P&ID ...read more

Safety considerations in designing piping systems are crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring the integrity of the system.

• Ensuring proper material selection to withstand the intended pressure and temperature conditions

• Implementing proper support and restraint systems to prevent excessive stress and vibration

• Incorporating adequate access points for maintenance and inspection

• Following relevant codes and standards such as ASME B31.3 for process piping

• Considering potential ...read more

To read iso, general arrangement, and other drawings, one needs to understand the symbols, dimensions, and annotations used in the drawings.

• Understand the symbols used in the drawings, such as valves, pumps, and instruments.

• Pay attention to the dimensions and measurements provided in the drawings.

• Read the annotations and notes carefully to understand the specifications and requirements.

• Refer to the drawing legends and keynotes to understand the symbols and abbreviations used....read more

IBR piping refers to piping systems that comply with the Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR) for the design, fabrication, and installation of boilers and associated equipment.

• IBR piping is used in industries where boilers are employed, such as power plants, refineries, and chemical plants.

• It ensures the safety and efficiency of the piping system by following specific guidelines and standards set by the IBR.

• IBR piping requires certification and approval from the authorized inspect...read more

To work in oil and gas refinery erection plan, one must have knowledge of piping design, construction codes, safety regulations, and project management.

• Understand piping design principles and specifications

• Ensure compliance with construction codes and standards

• Adhere to safety regulations and protocols

• Coordinate with various teams for project management

• Review and interpret engineering drawings and documents

Various pressure tests are conducted on valves including hydrostatic test, pneumatic test, and cryogenic test.

• Hydrostatic test is conducted by filling the valve with water and pressurizing it to a specified pressure to check for leaks.

• Pneumatic test involves using air or nitrogen to pressurize the valve and check for leaks or defects.

• Cryogenic test is performed at low temperatures to ensure the valve can withstand extreme conditions.

• Other tests may include high-pressure gas t...read more

A system with piping components made of equivalent materials.

• This system ensures that all piping components have the same properties and characteristics.

• It helps to prevent corrosion and other issues that may arise from using different materials.

• Examples of equivalent materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel.

• Equivalent materials must also have the same pressure and temperature ratings.

• This system is important for ensuring the safety and reliability of ...read more

A hydrotest is a process used to test the integrity of pressure vessels or piping systems by filling them with water or another liquid.

• Hydrotest involves filling the vessel or piping system with water or another liquid to a specified pressure.

• The pressure is then held for a specified amount of time to ensure there are no leaks.

• Components involved in the process include pumps, pressure gauges, control valves, and safety relief valves.

• Hydrotest is commonly used in industries su...read more

Piping of pump involves selecting appropriate pipe size, routing, and supporting the pipe to avoid stress and vibration.

• Select pipe size based on pump flow rate and pressure requirements

• Route the pipe to minimize friction loss and avoid obstacles

• Support the pipe adequately to avoid stress and vibration

• Use appropriate fittings and valves to connect the pump to the piping system

• Consider the material of the pipe and fittings based on the fluid being pumped

• Perform hydrostatic tes...read more

Hydro test is a process of testing the strength and integrity of piping by filling it with water and pressurizing it.

• Hydro test is conducted to ensure that the piping system can withstand the design pressure and is free from leaks.

• The piping is filled with water and pressurized to a specified pressure for a specified duration.

• During the test, the piping is visually inspected for leaks, bulges, or any other deformities.

• The test pressure is usually 1.5 times the design pressure...read more

I would approach creating a pump piping layout by considering factors like pump type, flow rate, pressure requirements, and space constraints.

• Identify the type of pump being used (centrifugal, reciprocating, etc.)

• Determine the required flow rate and pressure for the system

• Consider the layout of existing piping and equipment to optimize space utilization

• Ensure proper support and anchoring of the piping to prevent vibration and stress

• Include necessary components such as valves,...read more

Key deliverables expected from a piping engineer include design, analysis, documentation, and project coordination.

• Designing piping systems based on project requirements and specifications

• Performing stress analysis to ensure structural integrity

• Creating detailed drawings and documentation for construction

• Coordinating with other engineering disciplines and stakeholders

• Ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulations

ASME B31.3 is the code used for carbon steel (CS) piping.

• ASME B31.3 is the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code for process piping.

• It provides guidelines for the design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of CS piping systems.

• CS refers to carbon steel, which is a common material used in piping construction.

• ASME B31.3 covers various aspects such as materials, pressure design, welding, and nondestructive examination.

• Compliance with this code ensures the safety and in...read more

Construction drawings show how a structure will be built, while fabrication drawings provide detailed instructions for manufacturing individual components.

• Construction drawings focus on overall structure layout and dimensions

• Fabrication drawings provide detailed instructions for manufacturing individual components

• Construction drawings are used by contractors on site, fabrication drawings are used by manufacturers in workshops

• Examples: Construction drawing shows overall layout...read more

MOC of utility lines with grade refers to the material of construction suitable for different grades of utility lines.

• MOC for utility lines with grade depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and type of fluid being transported.

• Common materials used for utility lines include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, and PVC.

• Higher grades may require materials with better corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

• Selection of MOC should comply with industry standards a...read more

Corrosion coupons are used to monitor the rate of corrosion in a system and to determine the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors.

• Corrosion coupons are small metal strips or discs that are inserted into a system to measure the rate of corrosion over time.

• They are made of the same material as the system being monitored, allowing for accurate assessment of corrosion rates.

• Corrosion coupons are typically retrieved periodically and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of corr...read more

Some commonly used software in piping design include AutoCAD, PDMS, CAESAR II, and SmartPlant 3D.

• AutoCAD is a widely used software for creating 2D and 3D designs.

• PDMS (Plant Design Management System) is a 3D modeling software specifically designed for piping design.

• CAESAR II is a software used for pipe stress analysis and evaluating the structural integrity of piping systems.

• SmartPlant 3D is a comprehensive software suite for plant design and modeling, including piping design...read more

The north sign in isometric drawings is important for orientation and ensuring consistency in the drawing.

• The north sign helps in determining the direction of the drawing, ensuring that it is correctly oriented.

• It helps in maintaining consistency in the drawing, especially when multiple sheets are involved.

• It assists in understanding the spatial relationship between different components in the drawing.

• Without the north sign, confusion may arise regarding the orientation of th...read more

Piping refers to the system of pipes used to transport fluids within a facility, while a pipeline is a long-distance transportation system for fluids or gases.

• Piping is typically used within a facility or plant, while pipelines are used for long-distance transportation.

• Piping systems are usually smaller in diameter and operate at lower pressures compared to pipelines.

• Piping systems are often designed for specific processes within a facility, while pipelines are designed for c...read more

Pipe support spans are crucial for the safe and efficient operation of piping systems.

• Pipe support spans must be designed to prevent excessive deflection and stress on the piping system.

• Compressor supports must be designed to handle the weight and vibration of the compressor.

• Loops on the pipe rack are used to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of the piping system.

• Proper pipe support design can prevent leaks, equipment damage, and safety hazards.

Post heating temperature is the temperature at which a material is heated after welding to relieve residual stresses and prevent cracking.

• Post heating temperature is typically lower than the preheating temperature used before welding.

• It is commonly used in welding processes such as pipeline construction and pressure vessel fabrication.

• The purpose of post heating is to slow down the cooling rate of the welded material, allowing it to gradually cool and reduce the risk of britt...read more

Isometric drawings are created by drawing lines at 30 degree angles from the horizontal axes.

• Draw horizontal lines at 30 degree angles from the axes

• Use isometric grid paper for accurate drawings

• Label dimensions and details clearly for clarity

Examine dimensions, materials, fittings, supports, and routing in isometric drawings.

• Check dimensions to ensure proper fit and clearance

• Verify materials specified for construction

• Review fittings for correct type and size

• Confirm supports are in place for proper installation

• Analyze routing to ensure efficient flow and accessibility

• Example: Checking pipe diameter for compatibility with system requirements

Documents required for piping modeling include P&IDs, equipment datasheets, piping specifications, and 3D model standards.

• Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) provide the overall layout and design of the piping system.

• Equipment datasheets contain information about the equipment to be connected to the piping system.

• Piping specifications outline the materials, sizes, and standards to be used for the piping.

• 3D model standards ensure consistency and accuracy in the modelin...read more

Water treatment involves a series of processes to remove impurities and contaminants from water.

• Coagulation and flocculation to remove suspended particles

• Sedimentation to separate solids from water

• Filtration to remove smaller particles

• Disinfection to kill bacteria and viruses

• pH adjustment to control acidity or alkalinity

• Softening to remove hardness minerals

• Reverse osmosis to remove dissolved solids

• Activated carbon adsorption to remove organic compounds

• Ion exchange to remove s...read more

PWST stands for Piping and Welding Skills Training.

• PWST is a training program that focuses on developing skills in piping and welding.

• It provides hands-on training in various aspects of piping and welding techniques.

• PWST covers topics such as pipefitting, welding processes, blueprint reading, and safety procedures.

• The program aims to prepare individuals for careers in the field of piping engineering and construction.

• Examples of skills taught in PWST include pipe cutting, fitt...read more

Isometric drawing is a 3D representation of a piping system on a 2D surface.

• It shows the piping system from different angles and perspectives.

• It includes all the necessary information about the piping system such as dimensions, materials, and connections.

• It is used by piping engineers to plan and design piping systems.

• Isometric drawings are often used in construction and manufacturing industries.

• They can be created manually or with the help of computer-aided design (CAD) soft...read more

Yes, maintenance of pumps is crucial for their efficient functioning and longevity.

• Regular inspection and cleaning of the pump and its components

• Lubrication of moving parts

• Replacement of worn out parts

• Alignment of the pump and motor

• Monitoring of vibration and noise levels

• Testing of safety features

• Following manufacturer's guidelines for maintenance

• Training of personnel for proper handling and maintenance

There are several types of flanges used in piping systems.

• Weld Neck Flange

• Slip-On Flange

• Socket Weld Flange

• Threaded Flange

• Blind Flange

• Lap Joint Flange

• Orifice Flange

• Expander Flange

• Reducing Flange

• Long Weld Neck Flange

The degree for bevel end in piping engineering refers to the angle at which the end of a pipe is cut.

• The degree for bevel end is typically specified in piping engineering drawings or specifications.

• Common bevel angles include 30 degrees, 37.5 degrees, and 45 degrees.

• The bevel angle is important for proper fit-up and welding of pipes.

• Different bevel angles may be used based on the pipe material, wall thickness, and welding process.

• For example, a bevel angle of 37.5 degrees may...read more

Types of pipes used in piping include steel, copper, PVC, and HDPE.

• Steel pipes: commonly used for high-pressure applications

• Copper pipes: used for water supply lines

• PVC pipes: lightweight and easy to install, commonly used for drainage systems

• HDPE pipes: high-density polyethylene pipes used for underground gas and water lines

Pipe supports are used to hold and position pipes in various applications.

• Pipe hangers: Used to suspend pipes from ceilings or walls.

• Pipe clamps: Used to secure pipes to structural supports.

• Pipe shoes: Used to support pipes on flat surfaces.

• Spring supports: Used to absorb vibrations and provide flexibility.

• Rigid supports: Used to provide fixed support to pipes.

• Variable supports: Used to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of pipes.

We handle various materials including metals, plastics, and composites.

• We work with different types of metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel.

• We also handle plastics like PVC, HDPE, and PTFE.

• Composites like fiberglass and carbon fiber are also part of our materials.

• We ensure that all materials meet the required standards and specifications.

• We have a strict quality control process to ensure the safety and reliability of our products.

Job execution can be sequenced by breaking it down into smaller tasks and prioritizing them based on dependencies.

• Identify all the tasks required to complete the job

• Determine the dependencies between tasks

• Prioritize the tasks based on their dependencies

• Assign resources and timelines for each task

• Monitor progress and adjust timelines as necessary

There are several types of primary supports in piping engineering.

• Primary supports are used to anchor and support the weight of the piping system.

• Common types of primary supports include pipe shoes, pipe clamps, and hangers.

• Pipe shoes are used to support the weight of the pipe at specific intervals.

• Pipe clamps are used to hold the pipe in place and prevent movement.

• Hangers are used to suspend the pipe from a structure or support beam.

• Other types of primary supports include sp...read more