Monzo Senior Backend Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Why did you choose the flask over the django and fastapi?
Ans. 
I chose Flask over Django and FastAPI due to its simplicity, flexibility, and ease of use for smaller projects.
• Flask is lightweight and minimalistic, making it easier to set up and use for smaller projects.

• Flask allows for more flexibility in terms of project structure and customization compared to Django.

• Flask is well-suited for rapid prototyping and smaller applications where simplicity is key.

• Django, on the other ha...read more
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Q2. Write the code for flask request and response block?
Ans. 
Flask request and response block code snippet
• Use Flask's request object to access incoming request data

• Use Flask's jsonify function to create a JSON response

• Handle different HTTP methods like GET, POST, etc. in the route function
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Q1. What is ORM? which ORM tool, have you used?
Ans. 
ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping, a programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems in object-oriented programming languages.
• ORM is used to map objects from an application to tables in a relational database.

• It simplifies data manipulation by allowing developers to work with objects instead of SQL queries.

• Popular ORM tools include Hibernate for Java, Entity Framework for .NET, and Seq
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Q2. Write ORM code for select item from table?
Ans. 
Use ORM code to select item from a table in database.
• Use ORM query methods like find(), findOne(), or where() to select items from a table.

• Specify the table name and any conditions for the selection.

• Example: User.find({ where: { id: 1 } }) will select a user with id 1 from the User table.
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Q1. What is Node Js
Ans. 
Node.js is a runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript code outside of a web browser.
• Node.js is built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

• It uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient.

• Node.js is commonly used for building server-side applications and APIs.

• It has a large ecosystem of open-source libraries and frameworks, such as Express.js.
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Q2. What is middleware
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Middleware is a software component that acts as a bridge between an application's request and response.
• Middleware functions have access to the request and response objects

• They can modify the request and response objects

• Middleware can be used for tasks like authentication, logging, error handling, etc.
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Q3. What is promise
Ans. 
A promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.
• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Promises can be chained using .then() to handle success and .catch() to handle errors.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => resolve('Done!'), 1000); });
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Q4. What is promise.all
Ans. 
promise.all is a method in JavaScript that takes an array of promises and returns a single promise that resolves when all of the input promises have resolved.
• Used to handle multiple asynchronous operations at once

• Returns a single promise that resolves when all input promises have resolved

• If any of the input promises is rejected, the returned promise is rejected with the reason of the first rejected promise
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Q5. What is callback
Ans. 
A callback is a function passed as an argument to another function to be executed later.
• Callbacks are commonly used in asynchronous programming to handle tasks that take time to complete.

• They are often used in event handling, timers, and AJAX requests.

• Callbacks can be synchronous or asynchronous, depending on when they are executed.

• Example: setTimeout(callback, 1000) will execute the callback function after 1 second.
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Q1. What is idempotent term in patch and put?
Ans. 
Idempotent term in patch and put means that multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request.
• Idempotent means that the result of a successful request is the same regardless of how many times it is repeated.

• In PATCH and PUT requests, idempotent means that sending the same request multiple times will not have any additional side effects.

• For example, if a PATCH request updates a resource with specific ...read more
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Q2. Java memory types and which object stores where?
Ans. 
Java memory types and where objects are stored
• Java memory consists of stack and heap

• Primitive data types are stored in stack

• Objects and arrays are stored in heap

• References to objects are stored in stack

• Example: int num = 5; // num is stored in stack, value 5 is stored in stack

• Example: String str = new String(); // str reference is stored in stack, actual String object is stored in heap
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Q3. Hash map store unique name?
Ans. 
Yes, hash map stores unique keys.
• Hash map in Java does not allow duplicate keys. If you try to insert a duplicate key, it will replace the existing value with the new one.

• However, hash map allows duplicate values.

• Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("John", 25); map.put("Jane", 30); map.put("John", 35); // 'John' key will now have value 35.
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Q4. Hashmap java 7 and java 8 difference?
Ans. 
Java 8 introduced new methods for HashMap such as forEach, compute, merge, etc.
• Java 8 introduced new methods like forEach, compute, merge for HashMap operations

• Java 8 allows using lambda expressions for iterating over HashMap entries

• Java 8 introduced default methods in Map interface for HashMap
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Q5. Can we create static method or variable inside static main()
Ans. 
No, static methods or variables cannot be created inside static main() method.
• Static methods or variables cannot be created inside another static method.

• Static methods or variables can only be created at the class level, outside of any method.

• Example: public class MyClass { static int myVariable = 10; }
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Array,Tree, Behaviour questions 2 hr duration easy-medium

Q1. Array Traversal using topological sort algorithm
Ans. 
Topological sort can be used to traverse an array of strings in a specific order.
• Topological sort is used to order elements based on their dependencies.

• In the context of array traversal, we can use topological sort to determine the order in which strings should be processed.

• For example, if strings represent tasks and their dependencies, we can use topological sort to ensure tasks are executed in the correct order.
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Q2. Right most node in almost complete bst
Ans. 
The rightmost node in an almost complete binary search tree is the last node in the last level of the tree.
• In an almost complete binary search tree, all levels are completely filled except possibly for the last level, which is filled from left to right.

• To find the rightmost node, start at the root and traverse the tree by always going to the right child until reaching the last level.

• The rightmost node will be the last
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Q1. Introduce yourself
Ans. 
I am a passionate Backend Developer with 5 years of experience in building scalable and efficient web applications.
• 5 years of experience in backend development

• Proficient in programming languages like Java, Python, and Node.js

• Strong understanding of database management systems such as MySQL and MongoDB

• Experience in developing RESTful APIs and microservices

• Familiar with cloud technologies like AWS and Azure
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Q2. Some python programs
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Q1. React questions
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Q2. Nodejs questions
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