Montra Electric Embedded Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Q1. What difference between Microprocessor and Micro controller?
Ans. 
Microprocessor is a standalone CPU while microcontroller has CPU, memory, and peripherals on a single chip.
• Microprocessor is used in applications where processing power is the main requirement, like computers.

• Microcontroller is used in embedded systems where space, power, and cost are constraints, like in IoT devices.

• Microprocessors require external components like memory and peripherals, while microcontrollers have th...read more
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Q2. Talk about communication protocol such as I2C, UART, SPI? Which is faster and how
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Q3. Stack memory in microcontroller
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Stack memory in microcontrollers is used for storing local variables, function parameters, return addresses, and other temporary data during program execution.
• Stack memory is a limited resource in microcontrollers and is typically smaller than heap memory.

• Stack memory is managed automatically by the compiler and is organized as a LIFO (Last In, First Out) data structure.

• Accessing stack memory is faster than accessing h...read more
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Q4. What's use the use of Static keywords
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Static keyword is used to declare variables and functions that are only accessible within the file they are declared in.
• Static variables retain their value between function calls

• Static functions can only be called within the file they are declared in

• Static variables in functions are initialized only once
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Q5. Bit manipulation programming questions
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Q1. It's about C programming and data structure and Embedded Questions
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Q1. High level C programming questions and project explanation
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Q1. Offer, salary Discussion
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Q1. What is difference between Normal OS and RTOS? What is difference between microcontroller and microprocessor? Write a C program to swap two numbers without using 3rd variable.
Ans. 
RTOS is a real-time operating system designed for time-sensitive applications. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits with built-in memory and peripherals.
• RTOS is designed to provide deterministic and predictable response times for critical tasks.

• Normal OS is designed for general-purpose computing and may not prioritize real-time tasks.

• Microcontrollers are typically used in embedded systems and have limited resources...read more
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Q2. What is storage class in C?
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Storage class in C determines the scope, visibility, and lifetime of variables.
• C has four storage classes: auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto storage class is the default and is used for local variables.

• Register storage class is used for variables that should be stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static storage class is used for variables that retain their values between function calls.

• Extern storage class ...read more
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Q3. What is difference between macro and constant variable in C? How to divide a number without using division operator?
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A macro is a preprocessor directive that is replaced by its value before compilation, while a constant variable is a read-only variable.
• Macros are defined using the #define directive, while constant variables are declared using the const keyword.

• Macros are replaced by their values during preprocessing, while constant variables are stored in memory.

• Macros can lead to code duplication, while constant variables provide ty...read more
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Online c programming test using online tool

Q1. Manager level round - explain about project and area of difficulty in embedded. Which one we work and fix issue
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Q1. Discuss about offer letter
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Very basic c questions like an array

Basic c datastructucture networking l2 l3 questions

Q1. Question on projects.
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Q2. How packet goes from source to destination.
Ans. 
Packets are sent from source to destination through a series of network devices using routing protocols.
• Packet is created at the source with source and destination IP addresses.

• Packet is sent to the default gateway or router.

• Router checks its routing table to determine the next hop for the packet.

• Packet is forwarded to the next hop until it reaches the destination.

• Destination receives the packet and sends an acknowledg
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Q3. Delete a node from single linked list.
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To delete a node from a single linked list, we need to find the node and update the pointers.
• Traverse the list to find the node to be deleted

• Update the previous node's pointer to point to the next node

• Free the memory of the node to be deleted
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Q4. Dynamic memory alocation in c
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Dynamic memory allocation in C allows allocation of memory at runtime.
• Dynamic memory allocation is done using functions like malloc(), calloc(), realloc() and free().

• malloc() allocates memory block of specified size and returns a pointer to the first byte of allocated memory.

• calloc() allocates memory block of specified size and initializes all bits to zero.

• realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory block...read more
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Q5. Interprocess communication in OS
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Interprocess communication is a mechanism that allows processes to communicate with each other in an OS.
• IPC mechanisms include pipes, sockets, message queues, shared memory, and signals.

• IPC can be used for synchronization, data sharing, and coordination between processes.

• IPC can be implemented using system calls such as fork(), pipe(), socket(), and msgget().
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Q1. Advanced data structures like double linked list
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Q1. Basic question from my Resume and Work/Projects
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Q2. Technical Question : Stackoverflow, Queue, Virtual Class/Keyword, Pointers, Linked List
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Q3. Memory Stack, Local/Glabal/Staic Variable stored where?
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Q4. Direct Memory Access, Heap, Stack, Dyanamic Memory Allocation, memory Segmentation fault
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Q5. Difference between Timer and counters?
Ans. 
Timers are used to measure time intervals, while counters are used to count events or occurrences.
• Timers are typically used for generating delays, measuring time intervals, or triggering events at specific times.

• Counters are used to count external events, such as pulses or interrupts.

• Timers can be used to implement software delays, while counters can be used for tasks like frequency measurement.

• Examples: A timer can be...read more
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