Mobiz Innovations and Research Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Python compiles source code to bytecode for faster execution, stored in .pyc files.

• Python interpreter compiles source code to bytecode before execution

• Bytecode is platform-independent and faster to execute than source code

• Compiled bytecode is stored in .pyc files for future use and faster startup time

• If source code is modified, .pyc files are automatically recompiled

Django life cycle involves request processing, URL routing, view function execution, template rendering, and response generation.

• When a request is made, Django checks the URL patterns defined in urls.py file.

• If a match is found, the corresponding view function is executed.

• The view function processes the request and returns a response.

• The response is rendered using a template, if applicable.

• The final response is sent ba

Ownership of the project approach refers to taking responsibility for the project's success and making decisions accordingly.

• The owner of the project approach should have a clear understanding of the project's goals and objectives.

• They should be able to make informed decisions about the project's direction and prioritize tasks accordingly.

• The owner should also be accountable for the project's success or failure and be ...read more

Difference between sort and sorted, dump vs dumps, load vs loads etc.

• sort() is a method of list object while sorted() is a built-in function

• dump() serializes an object to a file while dumps() serializes to a string

• load() deserializes an object from a file while loads() deserializes from a string

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Design patterns provide a structured approach to solving design problems.

• Python has several design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, Observer, etc.

• Each design pattern has its own purpose and usage.

• Design patterns promote code reusability, maintainability, and scalability.

• Understanding design patterns helps in writing cleaner and more effici

Data structures in Python: dict, tuple, list, set, string

• dict: unordered collection of key-value pairs

• tuple: ordered, immutable collection of elements

• list: ordered, mutable collection of elements

• set: unordered collection of unique elements

• string: ordered collection of characters

I have used multiple python modules for various purposes.

• I have used NumPy for numerical computations.

• I have used Pandas for data analysis and manipulation.

• I have used Matplotlib for data visualization.

• I have used Flask for web development.

• I have used Requests for making HTTP requests.

• I have used BeautifulSoup for web scraping.

• I have used Scikit-learn for machine learning tasks.

• I have used TensorFlow for deep learning

Yes, but only if the list is immutable.

• Lists are mutable and cannot be used as dict keys.

• Tuples are immutable and can be used as dict keys.

• If a list needs to be used as a key, it can be converted to a tuple.

List slices are a way to extract a portion of a list by specifying start and end indices.

• List slices are denoted by using square brackets with start and end indices separated by a colon.

• The start index is inclusive and the end index is exclusive.

• If the start index is omitted, it defaults to 0. If the end index is omitted, it defaults to the length of the list.

• Negative indices can be used to count from the end of the li...read more

Lambda functions are anonymous functions that can be passed as arguments to other functions.

• Lambda functions are also known as anonymous functions because they don't have a name.

• They are often used as arguments to higher-order functions like map, reduce, and filter.

• Map applies a function to each element of an array and returns a new array with the results.

• Reduce applies a function to the elements of an array and return...read more

Python uses automatic memory management through garbage collection.

• Python uses reference counting to keep track of objects in memory.

• When an object's reference count reaches zero, it is deleted by the garbage collector.

• Python also uses a cyclic garbage collector to detect and delete objects with circular references.

• Memory can be managed manually using the ctypes module.

• Python's memory management is efficient and transp

GIL stands for Global Interpreter Lock, which is a mechanism used in CPython to ensure thread safety.

• GIL is a mutex that allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time.

• It is necessary because CPython's memory management is not thread-safe.

• GIL can cause performance issues in CPU-bound multi-threaded applications.

• However, it does not affect I/O-bound or multi-process applications.

• Alternative Python implement...read more

Threading in Python allows multiple threads of execution to run concurrently within a single process.

• Python's threading module provides a way to create and manage threads.

• Threads share the same memory space and can access the same variables and data structures.

• Threading can improve performance for I/O-bound tasks, but not for CPU-bound tasks.

• Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) limits true parallelism in multi-thread...read more

Prelayout signal integrity is the analysis of signal quality before the layout of a printed circuit board.

• It involves simulating the behavior of signals on a PCB before the actual layout is done.

• The goal is to identify potential signal integrity issues and correct them before the layout is finalized.

• Tools such as SPICE simulators and electromagnetic field solvers are used for prelayout signal integrity analysis.

• Factors...read more

IBIS models can be verified by comparing simulation results with actual measurements.

• Compare simulation results with actual measurements

• Use a variety of test cases to ensure accuracy

• Verify the model's compliance with IBIS standards

• Check for consistency with other models and datasheets

PCIe Gen3 RL and IL specifications define the electrical and protocol requirements for high-speed data transfer.

• RL stands for Receiver Loss and IL stands for Insertion Loss.

• RL specification defines the maximum amount of signal loss that can be tolerated by the receiver.

• IL specification defines the maximum amount of signal loss that can be tolerated by the channel.

• PCIe Gen3 RL and IL specifications ensure reliable and h...read more

PDN analysis involves analyzing the power distribution network of a circuit to ensure proper power delivery.

• Identify the power sources and loads in the circuit

• Create a schematic of the power distribution network

• Simulate the circuit using a tool like SPICE

• Analyze the voltage drops and current flows in the network

• Optimize the network to ensure proper power delivery

• Repeat the analysis for different operating conditions an

I have worked on various hardware tools including oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, multimeters, and soldering irons.

• Oscilloscopes

• Logic analyzers

• Multimeters

• Soldering irons

Optimizing decoupling capacitors involves selecting the right capacitance value, placement, and layout.

• Choose the appropriate capacitance value based on the frequency range of the circuit

• Place the capacitors as close as possible to the power pins of the IC

• Use multiple capacitors in parallel to cover a wider frequency range

• Ensure proper layout to minimize inductance and resistance

• Simulate the circuit to verify the effec

Passivity refers to a system's inability to generate energy, while causality refers to the relationship between cause and effect in a system.

• Passivity: A passive system cannot generate energy, but can only store or dissipate it.

• Causality: The output of a system depends only on its current and past inputs, not future inputs.

• Passive systems are often used in filters and attenuators, while causal systems are important in ...read more

Termination techniques are methods used to prevent signal reflections and ensure signal integrity.

• Matching impedance of the source and load

• Using termination resistors

• Using termination capacitors

• Using termination inductors

• Using termination transformers

• Using termination diodes

• Using termination networks

• Using termination software

Strip line and microstrip line are two types of transmission lines used in high-frequency applications.

• Strip line is a type of transmission line where the conductor is sandwiched between two ground planes.

• Microstrip line is a type of transmission line where the conductor is placed on top of a ground plane with a dielectric material in between.

• Strip line has better shielding and lower radiation losses compared to micros...read more

IBIS stands for Input/Output Buffer Information Specification and is a standard for modeling the behavior of digital buffers.

• IBIS is used to model the behavior of digital buffers in a system.

• It includes information about the input and output characteristics of the buffer.

• IBIS models are used to simulate the behavior of a system before it is built.

• IBIS models can be used to optimize the design of a system.

• IBIS models ar...read more

S-parameter models can be extracted using network analyzers or simulation software.

• Use a network analyzer to measure the S-parameters of the device under test (DUT)

• Use simulation software to create a model of the DUT and extract the S-parameters from the simulation results

• Ensure that the measurement or simulation setup is properly calibrated to obtain accurate S-parameter models