LTIMindtree GTE Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What are custom hooks in React, and what are their use cases? Additionally, can you provide an example of a custom hook that performs an API call and utilizes the retrieved data?
Ans. 
Custom hooks in React are reusable functions that allow you to extract component logic into separate functions for better code organization and reusability.
• Custom hooks are created using the 'use' prefix and can be used to share logic between components.

• Use cases for custom hooks include fetching data from an API, handling form state, managing local storage, and more.

• Example of a custom hook for API call: const useFetc...read more
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Q2. What is the difference between useMemo and useCallback in React?
Ans. 
useMemo is used to memoize a value, while useCallback is used to memoize a function.
• useMemo is used to memoize a value and recompute it only when its dependencies change.

• useCallback is used to memoize a callback function and prevent unnecessary re-renders.

• Example: useMemo can be used to memoize the result of a complex computation, while useCallback can be used to memoize an event handler function.
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Q3. What is the difference between class-based components and functional components in React?
Ans. 
Class-based components use ES6 classes and have lifecycle methods, while functional components are simpler and use functions.
• Class-based components use ES6 classes to create components, while functional components are created using functions.

• Class-based components have lifecycle methods like componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate, while functional components do not.

• Functional components are simpler and more lightweig...read more
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Q4. How can you implement the lifecycle of a React component in a functional component?
Ans. 
Implementing the lifecycle of a React component in a functional component
• Use the useEffect hook to replicate lifecycle methods like componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, and componentWillUnmount

• Pass an empty array as the second argument to useEffect to mimic componentDidMount

• Pass a variable or state as the second argument to useEffect to mimic componentDidUpdate

• Return a cleanup function inside useEffect to mimic compo
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Q5. What are the various state management techniques available in React?
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Various state management techniques in React include Context API, Redux, and local state.
• Context API: React's built-in solution for passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• Redux: A popular state management library for React applications, allowing for a centralized store to manage application state.

• Local state: Managing state within individual components using us
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Q6. What is the architecture of Redux, and what purposes do middlewares serve within it?
Ans. 
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. Middlewares are functions that intercept actions before they reach the reducer.
• Redux follows a unidirectional data flow architecture.

• Middlewares in Redux are functions that can intercept, modify, or dispatch actions.

• Common use cases for middlewares include logging, asynchronous API calls, and handling side effects.

• Examples of popular Redux middlewares are Redu...read more
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Q7. What is hoisting in JavaScript?
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Hoisting in JavaScript is the behavior where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase.
• Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope, but not their initializations.

• Function declarations are fully hoisted, meaning they can be called before they are declared.

• Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior if not understood properly.
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Q8. What is event bubbling in JavaScript?
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Event bubbling is the propagation of events from the target element up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.
• Events triggered on a child element will 'bubble up' and trigger on parent elements.

• Event listeners can be attached to parent elements to handle events from multiple child elements.

• Stopping event propagation can be done using event.stopPropagation() or event.stopImmediatePropagation().
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Q9. What are block scope and function scope in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Block scope and function scope are two types of scopes in JavaScript that determine the visibility and accessibility of variables.
• Block scope refers to the visibility of variables within a block of code enclosed by curly braces. Variables declared with 'let' and 'const' have block scope.

• Function scope refers to the visibility of variables within a function. Variables declared with 'var' have function scope.

• Variables de...read more
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Q10. Have you had experience working with semantic tags in HTML?
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience working with semantic tags in HTML.
• Used semantic tags like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <section>, <article>, <aside>, <footer> for better structure and SEO.

• Understand the importance of using semantic tags for accessibility and search engine optimization.

• Semantic tags help in organizing content and making it more readable for developers and browsers.
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Q11. What are the various methods for creating an object in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Various methods for creating an object in JavaScript include object literals, constructor functions, ES6 classes, and Object.create() method.
• Object literals: var obj = { key: value };

• Constructor functions: function ObjectName() { this.key = value; } var obj = new ObjectName();

• ES6 classes: class ClassName { constructor() { this.key = value; } } var obj = new ClassName();

• Object.create() method: var obj = Object.create(pr
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Q12. What are the differences between shallow copy and deep copy in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Shallow copy only copies the references of nested objects, while deep copy creates new copies of nested objects.
• Shallow copy creates a new object but does not create copies of nested objects, only copies their references.

• Deep copy creates a new object and also creates new copies of all nested objects.

• Shallow copy can be achieved using Object.assign() or spread operator, while deep copy can be achieved using JSON.parse(
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Q13. What will be the output of the following JavaScript code fragment: `const a; function test() { console.log(a); }; test();`?
Ans. 
The code will throw an error because 'a' is declared but not initialized.
• The code will result in a ReferenceError because 'a' is declared but not assigned a value.

• Variables declared with 'const' must be initialized at the time of declaration.

• Initializing 'a' with a value before calling test() will prevent the error.
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Q14. How can you use CSS to arrange elements in a row and column layout?
Ans. 
CSS can be used to arrange elements in a row and column layout using flexbox or grid layout properties.
• Use display: flex; for a row layout and display: flex; flex-direction: column; for a column layout

• Use justify-content and align-items properties to align items in the main axis and cross axis respectively

• For grid layout, use display: grid; and grid-template-columns or grid-template-rows to define the layout
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Q15. Have you utilized CSS preprocessors, and if so, which ones?
Ans. 
Yes, I have utilized CSS preprocessors such as SASS and LESS.
• I have experience using SASS to streamline my CSS workflow by utilizing variables, mixins, and nesting.

• I have also worked with LESS to improve code organization and maintainability through features like variables and functions.
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Q16. If I have assigned different colors to an ID and a class and applied both to the same element, which color will be applied based on CSS specificity precedence?
Ans. 
The color applied will be based on the specificity of the selector, with ID having higher specificity than class.
• ID has higher specificity than class in CSS

• Color applied will be based on the selector with higher specificity

• Example: If ID selector has color red and class selector has color blue, the color applied will be red
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Q1. All Linux commands and options
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Q2. How to configure NFS, NTP,DNS servers
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Q1. Linux Patch Management
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Q2. Linux servers updates
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Q1. Why you want to join TCS
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There were a total of seven sections: verbal ability, logical reasoning, arithmetic problems, verbal reasoning, puzzles, pseudocodes, and essay writing, with each section having its own cutoff scores.

Q1. What is the SQL query to retrieve the person with the highest salary?
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Q2. Can you describe the projects you have worked on?
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Q3. Write a query to merge 2 tables?
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Q4. Tell me about the internship that you have done?
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Q5. Behavioural questions
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It had a 2 programs with easy and medium level of coding programs, please go through the recent interview problems asked in wipro

Q1. What is Object oriented programming
Ans. 
Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.
• OOP focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve problems

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOP

• Examples of OOP languages include Java, C++, and Python
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Q2. What is multi threading
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Multi threading is a programming concept where multiple threads within a process execute independently to improve performance.
• Allows for concurrent execution of tasks within a single process

• Improves performance by utilizing multiple CPU cores

• Requires careful synchronization to avoid race conditions

• Examples include web servers handling multiple requests simultaneously
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Q3. Why is java not 100% oop
Ans. 
Java is not 100% OOP because it supports primitive data types and static methods.
• Java has primitive data types like int, double, etc. which are not objects.

• Java allows static methods which do not require an instance of a class to be called.

• Java also has the concept of wrapper classes to convert primitive data types to objects.
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Q4. What are collections in java
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Collections in Java are classes and interfaces that provide a way to store and manipulate groups of objects.
• Collections provide dynamic data structures like List, Set, and Map.

• They offer methods to add, remove, and manipulate elements in the collection.

• Examples include ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, and HashMap.
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Q5. Internal working of hash map
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A hash map is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses a hash function to map keys to their corresponding values.
• Hash map uses a hash function to determine the index of the key-value pair in the underlying array.

• Collision resolution techniques like chaining or open addressing are used to handle situations where multiple keys hash to the same index.

• Hash maps typically have O(1) average time complexity for i...read more
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Q1. What was impact of Accenture?
Ans. 
Accenture has had a significant impact on the design engineering industry, particularly in the areas of technology innovation and digital transformation.
• Accenture has helped design engineers leverage advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, and AR/VR to enhance product development processes.

• Accenture's expertise in digital transformation has enabled design engineers to streamline operations, improve efficiency, and deliv...read more
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Q2. May i what to be doing this ur company?
Ans. 
Accenture is a global professional services company that specializes in information technology (IT) services and management consulting. They offer many career paths across different technologies, business areas, and industries.
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Q3. How to build my career?
Ans. 
To build your career as a Design Engineer, focus on gaining relevant education, experience, networking, and continuous learning.
• Obtain a degree in engineering or a related field

• Gain practical experience through internships or entry-level positions

• Build a strong portfolio showcasing your design projects

• Network with professionals in the industry and attend design events

• Stay updated on the latest design trends and technol
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Q4. How to get the job in your company?
Ans. 
you need to pass Cognitive and Technical assessment. After passing these assessments, you will have to take the Coding Test. After Coding Test, you will have to give communication assessment and then, the Accenture interview round
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Q5. What is main contribute with me?
Ans. 
My main contribution would be my strong design skills and problem-solving abilities.
• Strong design skills to create innovative and efficient solutions

• Ability to analyze problems and come up with effective design solutions

• Experience in using CAD software and other design tools

• Collaboration with cross-functional teams to bring designs to life
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Q1. 1) OOPS in java, and told to explain abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance with practical code 2) Exception handling(globally), Authentication and authorization 3) SOLID principles and factory design pat...read more
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Interview questions for Software Engineer position covering OOPS concepts, exception handling, SOLID principles, Java 8 features, and Streams.
• Abstraction in OOPS: Hiding implementation details. Example: Abstract class Shape with method draw().

• Encapsulation in OOPS: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data. Example: Class Employee with private fields and public getters/setters.

• Inheritance in OOPS: Reusing code...read more
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Q2. 1) Advantage of springboot over spring 2) Tell me all the anotations you know in spring 3) What are CRUD operations, write controller layer and use validating annotations like @NotNull, @valid etc. how to ...read more
Ans. 
The interview questions cover various topics related to Spring framework, REST vs SOAP, JPA repository, Feign client, circuit breaker, and Spring Security.
• Spring Boot provides a simpler and faster way to set up and run Spring applications compared to traditional Spring.

• Common annotations in Spring include @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Autowired, @Component, @RequestMapping, @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping...read more
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Q3. 1) ACID properties 2) DBMS commands 3) inner queries 4) Joins 5) S3 bucket congif and how to handle file and upload and retrieve in s3 6) Ci/Cd basic flow and docker explaination
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Q1. List down Java 8 features and use case
Ans. 
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, streams, and functional interfaces.
• Lambda expressions: Allow for more concise and readable code by enabling functional programming.

• Streams: Provide a way to work with collections of objects in a more functional style.

• Functional interfaces: Interfaces with a single abstract method, used to enable lambda expressions.

• Optional class: Helps to avoid null p...read more
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Q2. List down Spring boot annotation used
Ans. 
Spring boot annotations are used to simplify the development process by providing metadata to the Spring framework.
• 1. @SpringBootApplication - Main annotation to indicate the main class of a Spring Boot application.

• 2. @RestController - Annotation for RESTful web services.

• 3. @Autowired - Dependency injection annotation.

• 4. @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping - Annotations for mapping HTTP requests to c...read more
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Q3. Difference between String builder and String Buffer
Ans. 
String Builder is not synchronized and faster, while String Buffer is synchronized and slower.
• String Builder is not thread-safe, while String Buffer is thread-safe.

• String Builder is faster due to lack of synchronization, while String Buffer is slower due to synchronization.

• String Builder is recommended for single-threaded operations, while String Buffer is recommended for multi-threaded operations.
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Q4. What is String pool
Ans. 
String pool is a storage area in memory where strings are stored to optimize memory usage by reusing common strings.
• String pool helps in reducing memory usage by storing only one copy of each unique string.

• Strings created using double quotes are stored in the string pool.

• Strings created using new keyword are not stored in the string pool.
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Q5. Number of memory type have. like heap memory , stack
Ans. 
There are two main types of memory in a computer system: stack memory and heap memory.
• Stack memory is used for static memory allocation and is managed by the compiler. It is typically faster but limited in size.

• Heap memory is used for dynamic memory allocation and is managed by the programmer. It is slower but has a larger size.

• Examples: C programming language uses stack memory for function calls and heap memory for dy
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