KOTRA Interview Questions and Answers

3 coding questions

Q1. Design a Time Series Database
Ans. 
A time series database stores data points with timestamps for efficient retrieval and analysis.
• Choose a suitable data model for the database

• Use a time-based partitioning scheme for efficient data retrieval

• Implement compression techniques to reduce storage requirements

• Support for querying and analyzing time-based data

• Ensure data consistency and durability

• Consider scalability and high availability

• Examples: InfluxDB, Time
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2 coding questions based on DSA.

Q1. Easy coding problem.
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Q2. Medium coding problem.
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Q1. The interview emphasized team collaboration and work ethics, with a particular focus on my overall work experience at my previous company.
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Q2. What were your preferences regarding work locations, specifically your views on working from the office (WFO) compared to working from home (WFH)?
Ans. 
I prefer a mix of both working from the office and working from home.
• I believe in the benefits of face-to-face collaboration and communication that come with working from the office.

• At the same time, I appreciate the flexibility and productivity that working from home offers.

• I think a hybrid approach, where employees have the option to choose between WFO and WFH based on their tasks and preferences, is ideal.

• I have exp...read more
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Q1. Focus was on DS algo and scenario based coding questions
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Q2. Design skills and OS knowledge
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First round was a coding test which has 2 problem solving questions and 3 subjective questions based on C++

Q1. This is also based on problem solving and DSA. A small part will be OS and network.
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More of a subjective round, highly focused on OS, networking and computer architecture.

Q1. This round is with the HM, totally subjective. Highly focused on past experience, current projects etc.
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Q1. HR discussion mostly questions are related to past and current experience.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was the qualification round which comprised of several MCQs and 3 coding questions.
It was held on Hackerearth from 3:00 PM to 4:00 PM.
Use of any other IDE was prohibited.

Q1. Given a problem statement and a piece of code, how would you find and correct the bug in the code?
Ans. 
To find and correct a bug in code, analyze problem statement, review code, use debugging tools, and test different scenarios.
• Understand the problem statement and expected output.

• Review the code for syntax errors, logical errors, and potential bugs.

• Use debugging tools like breakpoints, print statements, and IDE debuggers.

• Test the code with different inputs to identify the bug.

• Make necessary corrections based on the iden...read more
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Q2. 
Print Nodes at Distance K from a Given Node
Given an arbitrary binary tree, a node of the tree, and an integer 'K', find all nodes that are at a distance K from the specified node, and return a list of th...read more
Ans. 
Given a binary tree, a target node, and an integer K, find all nodes at distance K from the target node.
• Traverse the binary tree to find the target node.

• Use BFS to traverse the tree from the target node to nodes at distance K.

• Keep track of the distance while traversing the tree.

• Return the values of nodes at distance K in any order.
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Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

I was shared a link of Google Meet and the Google Docs was shared where there was 1 coding problem to be coded there and then the code was run on an IDE to check the sample tests.
Then the interview was followed by a lot of Operating System and Computer System Architecture Questions.
There were 2 Interviewers and both were helpful.
The timing was from 2:30 PM to 4:00 PM

Q1. 
Subarray Challenge: Largest Equal 0s and 1s
Determine the length of the largest subarray within a given array of 0s and 1s, such that the subarray contains an equal number of 0s and 1s.
Input:
Input beg...read more
Ans. 
Find the length of the largest subarray with equal number of 0s and 1s in a given array.
• Iterate through the array and maintain a count of 0s and 1s encountered so far.

• Store the count difference in a hashmap with the index as the key.

• If the same count difference is encountered again, the subarray between the two indices has equal 0s and 1s.

• Return the length of the longest subarray found.
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The round was held on Google Meet with HR from 2:30 PM to 3:15 PM.
The HR was friendly and asked the basic questions.

Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Consisted of 3 DSA questions and MCQ on python proficiency

Q1. 
Palindromic Substrings Problem Statement
Given a string S, your task is to return all distinct palindromic substrings of the given string in alphabetical order.
Explanation:
A string is considered a pal...read more
Ans. 
Return all distinct palindromic substrings of a given string in alphabetical order.
• Iterate through all possible substrings of the given string.

• Check if each substring is a palindrome by comparing it with its reverse.

• Store all palindromic substrings in a set to ensure uniqueness.

• Return the sorted list of palindromic substrings.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It was a pure DSA round and interviewer was very helpful with providing significant hints to solve the given problems

Q1. 
Island Perimeter Calculation Problem
Given a binary grid representation of a map of an island, calculate the perimeter of the island. The grid uses '0' for water and '1' for land.
The grid has only one i...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the perimeter of an island represented by a binary grid.
• Iterate through the grid and count the perimeter based on land cells and their adjacent cells.

• Each land cell contributes 4 units to the perimeter, subtract 2 units for each adjacent land cell.

• Handle edge cases where land cells are at the boundaries of the grid.

• Return the total perimeter for each test case.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

DSA+OS

Q1. 
Clearing the Forest Problem Statement
Ninja lives in a city called Byteland where a festive event is being organized. To make space for this event, Ninja is tasked with clearing a nearby forest. The fores...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the minimum number of steps Ninja needs to cut down all trees in a forest grid.
• Iterate through the grid to find the shortest path to cut down all trees in order.

• Use a priority queue to keep track of the shortest trees to cut next.

• If it's impossible to cut all trees, return -1.

• Consider all four cardinal directions for movement in the grid.
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Round duration - 70 Minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

The test link was active for a week, and you can give anytime you like. The IDE was very good and self explanatory. There were 2 coding questions and 15 aptitude questions.

Q1. 
Unweighted Graph Shortest Path Problem
You are tasked with finding the shortest path between two houses in the city of Ninjaland, represented as an unweighted graph. The city has N houses numbered from 1 ...read more
Ans. 
Find the shortest path between two houses in a city represented as an unweighted graph.
• Use breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm to find the shortest path in an unweighted graph.

• Start BFS from the source house and keep track of the path taken to reach each house.

• Once the destination house is reached, backtrack from destination to source to find the shortest path.

• Consider using a queue data structure to implement BFS eff...read more
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Q2. 
Check If Two Nodes Are Cousins
You are given an arbitrary binary tree consisting of N nodes, where each node is associated with a certain value, and two node values, a and b. Your task is to determine if ...read more
Ans. 
Check if two nodes in a binary tree are cousins by comparing their levels and parents.
• Traverse the tree to find the levels and parents of the given nodes.

• Compare the levels and parents of the two nodes to determine if they are cousins.

• If the levels are the same and the parents are different, the nodes are cousins.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It contained two programming questions.

Q1. 
Counting Nodes in a Complete Binary Tree - Problem Statement
Given the root of a complete binary tree, calculate the total number of nodes in this tree.
A complete binary tree is defined as a binary tree...read more
Ans. 
Count the total number of nodes in a complete binary tree given its root.
• Traverse the tree in level order and count the nodes

• Use a queue to keep track of nodes at each level

• Check for null nodes represented by -1 in the input

• The total number of nodes in the example tree is 7
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Q2. 
Rearrange Array Numbers for Largest Possible Number
Given an array ARR consisting of non-negative integers, rearrange the numbers to form the largest possible numerical value. You are not permitted to alt...read more
Ans. 
Rearrange array numbers to form the largest possible numerical value by combining digits of each number in the array.
• Convert integers in the array to strings for easier manipulation.

• Sort the array of strings in non-increasing order based on custom comparison function.

• Join the sorted strings to form the largest possible number.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was more of a interaction round with some technical skills.

Q1. Can you explain the ACID properties and the rollback mechanism in DBMS?
Ans. 
ACID properties ensure database transactions are processed reliably. Rollback mechanism undoes changes if transaction fails.
• ACID properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

• Atomicity ensures all operations in a transaction are completed successfully or none at all

• Consistency ensures database remains in a valid state before and after transaction

• Isolation ensures transactions are independent and do not inter...read more
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