30+ kipi.ai Interview Questions and Answers

ETL and ELT tools are used for extracting, transforming, and loading data in data warehousing and analytics processes.

• ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load and involves extracting data from various sources, transforming it into a usable format, and loading it into a data warehouse or database.

• ELT stands for Extract, Load, Transform and involves extracting data, loading it into a target system, and then transforming it as needed within the target system.

• ETL tools are typical...read more

Yes, a new column can be added in between 2 existing columns in a table by altering the table structure.

• Yes, a new column can be added in between 2 existing columns by using the ALTER TABLE statement in SQL.

• The new column can be specified to be added after a specific existing column.

• For example, ALTER TABLE table_name ADD new_column_name datatype AFTER existing_column_name;

Views in databases are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables based on a query.

• Views are used to simplify complex queries by storing them as a virtual table.

• They can hide the complexity of underlying tables and provide a layer of security by restricting access to certain columns.

• Types of views include simple views, complex views, materialized views, and indexed views.

Git merge combines changes from different branches, while rebase moves the current branch to the tip of another branch.

• Merge creates a new commit with combined changes, while rebase rewrites commit history.

• Merge preserves the commit history of both branches, while rebase creates a linear history.

• Merge is non-destructive and suitable for public branches, while rebase is destructive and should be used for private branches.

• Merge is easier to understand for beginners, while rebas...read more

Types of normalizations in databases help reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

• First Normal Form (1NF) - Eliminates repeating groups and ensures each column contains atomic values.

• Second Normal Form (2NF) - Ensures all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key.

• Third Normal Form (3NF) - Removes transitive dependencies by moving non-key attributes to separate tables.

• Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) - A stricter version of 3NF where every determin...read more

Types of joins include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and full join.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables

Top-down focuses on breaking down the problem into smaller parts, while bottom-up starts with small components and builds up.

• Top-down starts with a high-level overview and breaks it down into smaller components.

• Bottom-up starts with small components and gradually builds up to create a complete system.

• Top-down is more structured and easier to plan, while bottom-up is more flexible and iterative.

• Examples: Top-down - waterfall model, Bottom-up - agile development.

Git fork creates a copy of a repository under your GitHub account, while git clone creates a local copy of a repository.

• Fork creates a copy on GitHub, clone creates a local copy on your machine

• Forking allows you to make changes without affecting the original repository

• Cloning downloads the entire repository to your local machine

• Forking is commonly used for contributing to open source projects

SP is a stored procedure in a database, while a function is a piece of code that performs a specific task.

• SP is precompiled and stored in the database, while a function is compiled and executed at runtime.

• Functions can return a value, while SPs can return multiple result sets.

• Functions can be used in SQL queries, while SPs are called using EXECUTE statement.

Use a DELETE statement with a self-join on the table to remove duplicates.

• Use a DELETE statement with a self-join on the table to identify and remove duplicates.

• Example: DELETE t1 FROM table_name t1 INNER JOIN table_name t2 WHERE t1.id < t2.id AND t1.column_name = t2.column_name;

To find out who is the manager of whom from the employee table.

• Join the employee table with itself on the manager_id and employee_id columns

• Select the employee name and manager name based on the join condition

Debounce and throttling are techniques used in web development to limit the number of times a function is called.

• Debounce delays the execution of a function until after a specified time period has elapsed without additional calls.

• Throttling limits the rate at which a function is called, ensuring it is not called more than once within a specified time interval.

• Debounce is useful for handling events like resizing a window or typing in a search bar to prevent excessive function ...read more

ETL focuses on extracting, transforming, and loading data in a sequential process, while ELT involves loading data into a target system first and then performing transformations.

• ETL: Extract, Transform, Load - data is extracted from the source, transformed outside of the target system, and then loaded into the target system.

• ELT: Extract, Load, Transform - data is extracted from the source, loaded into the target system, and then transformed within the target system.

• ETL is sui...read more

DOM in React stands for Document Object Model, representing the structure of a web page as a tree of objects.

• DOM in React is a virtual representation of the actual HTML elements on a web page.

• React uses a virtual DOM to improve performance by updating only the necessary components.

• Changes to the virtual DOM are compared with the real DOM, and only the differences are updated.

• This helps in minimizing the number of DOM manipulations and improving the overall efficiency of the a...read more

ETL involves extracting data, transforming it, and then loading it into a target system. ELT involves extracting data, loading it into a target system, and then transforming it.

• ETL: Extract, Transform, Load

• ELT: Extract, Load, Transform

• ETL is suitable for scenarios where data needs to be cleansed and transformed before loading into the target system.

• ELT is suitable for scenarios where raw data needs to be quickly loaded into the target system and then transformed as needed.

• ETL...read more

Data modelling involves creating a visual representation of data relationships and processes.

• Data modelling is the process of creating a data model for a database.

• It involves identifying the entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints of the data.

• Data modelling helps in organizing data effectively and ensuring data integrity.

• Common data modelling techniques include Entity-Relationship (ER) modelling and UML diagrams.

• Example: In a university database, entities like st...read more

SQL query optimization involves identifying and fixing inefficient queries to improve performance.

• Identify slow queries using tools like query execution plans or monitoring tools.

• Optimize queries by using indexes, avoiding unnecessary joins, and rewriting complex queries.

• Consider denormalizing tables or using materialized views for frequently accessed data.

• Test and benchmark query performance after optimization to ensure improvements.

The interview covered OOPs and SQL concepts for a Software Engineer role.

• OOPs features include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• OOPs concept is based on the idea of objects that have properties and methods

• SQL concepts include data manipulation, data definition, and data control

• SQL is used to manage relational databases and perform queries

My research topics focus on developing scalable machine learning models for predictive analytics in finance.

• I have researched and implemented various machine learning algorithms such as random forests, gradient boosting, and neural networks.

• I have explored techniques for feature engineering and model optimization to improve scalability and performance.

• I have chosen specific models based on their ability to handle large datasets and complex relationships within financial data....read more

I have conducted research in machine learning and natural language processing, and I would approach problems by first understanding the data and then applying appropriate algorithms.

• Conducted research in machine learning and natural language processing

• Approach problems by understanding the data first

• Apply appropriate algorithms based on the problem

• Utilize data visualization techniques to gain insights

IT project management involves managing projects related to information technology, while regular project management can encompass a wider range of industries and sectors.

• IT project management requires specific technical knowledge and expertise in areas such as software development, network infrastructure, and cybersecurity.

• Regular project management may involve industries such as construction, healthcare, marketing, and finance, with a focus on different project requirements...read more

The code prints the sum of elements in an array.

• The code initializes an array of integers with values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

• It then calculates the sum of all elements in the array and prints it.

Various types of documents are used in business analysis to document requirements, processes, and project deliverables.

• Business Requirements Document (BRD) - outlines the high-level business objectives and requirements

• Functional Requirements Document (FRD) - details the specific functional requirements of a system or application

• Use Case Document - describes the interactions between users and a system

• Process Flow Diagram - visual representation of the steps involved in a busin...read more

DOD vs DOR vs acceptance criteria

• Definition: DOD (Definition of Done) is a checklist of criteria that a product must meet before it can be considered complete.

• Definition: DOR (Definition of Ready) is a checklist of criteria that a user story must meet before it can be worked on.

• Acceptance Criteria: Specific conditions that a product must meet to be accepted by the customer.

• DOD ensures the quality of the final product, DOR ensures the readiness of a user story for development,...read more

Account making is the process of creating a new account, while account search is the process of finding existing accounts.

• Account making involves gathering necessary information and creating a new account for a user or entity.

• Account search involves searching for existing accounts based on specific criteria or parameters.

• Account making may include tasks such as collecting personal information, setting up login credentials, and assigning account numbers.

• Account search may invo...read more

Data in Snowflake is stored in a columnar format, using a combination of micro-partitions and clustering keys.

• Data is stored in micro-partitions, which are small, self-contained, and immutable units of storage.

• Clustering keys are used to organize data within micro-partitions based on common values, improving query performance.

• Snowflake uses a variant of columnar storage, storing data in columns rather than rows for efficient query processing.

• Data is stored in cloud storage, s...read more

Data modeling techniques include conceptual, logical, and physical modeling.

• Conceptual modeling focuses on high-level concepts and relationships

• Logical modeling translates conceptual model into specific data structures

• Physical modeling involves implementation details like tables and columns

There are numerous healthcare projects in the NA region, focusing on improving patient care, efficiency, and technology integration.

• Implementation of electronic health records (EHR) systems

• Telemedicine initiatives to increase access to healthcare services

• Research projects on personalized medicine and genomics

• Quality improvement programs in hospitals and clinics

Clustering in Snowflake is a feature that organizes data in a table based on one or more columns to improve query performance.

• Clustering keys determine the order in which data is stored in Snowflake, which can help reduce the amount of data scanned during queries.

• Clustering can be defined at the table level or at the partition level.

• Clustering can improve query performance by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned, especially for large tables.

• Example: Clustering...read more

The candidate should provide their expected CTC and preferable work location.

• Provide a realistic expected CTC based on your experience and industry standards.

• Specify your preferable work location, considering factors like commute, cost of living, and career opportunities.

• Be open to negotiation on both CTC and work location if necessary.

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, while authorization determines what resources a user can access.

• Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user.

• Authorization determines what resources a user can access.

• In Node.js, authentication and authorization can be implemented using various libraries and techniques such as Passport.js, JSON Web Tokens (JWT), and role-based access control (RBAC).

• Authentication can be done using strategi...read more

Partition is a division or splitting of a physical or logical structure into separate parts.

• Partitioning helps in organizing data for better management and performance.

• In computer science, partitioning can refer to dividing a hard drive into separate sections for storing data.

• In database management, partitioning can involve splitting a large table into smaller, more manageable parts based on certain criteria.

• Partitioning can also be used in sorting algorithms to divide a list...read more

Snowflake has introduced new features and enhancements to improve performance and usability.

• Snowflake introduced Snowpark, a new feature that allows users to write custom code in Java or Scala for data processing tasks.

• They also added support for unstructured data types like JSON and Avro, making it easier to work with semi-structured data.

• Snowflake has improved security features with the introduction of external tokenization and data masking capabilities.

• They have enhanced t...read more

Lazy loading is a technique used in software development to defer the loading of resources until they are actually needed.

• Lazy loading improves performance by only loading resources when necessary

• It is commonly used in web development to load images or data as the user scrolls down a page

• Lazy loading can also be used in programming languages to load classes or modules on-demand

Snowpipe is a service provided by Snowflake for continuously loading data into the data warehouse.

• Snowpipe is a continuous data ingestion service in Snowflake.

• It automatically loads data from files placed in a stage into tables in Snowflake.

• Snowpipe uses a queue-based architecture to process files in the stage.

• It supports various file formats like CSV, JSON, Parquet, etc.

• Snowpipe can be configured to load data in real-time or at a scheduled interval.