20+ Senior Leader Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Steps to take if a subordinate does not listen to you

• Try to understand the reason for their behavior

• Communicate clearly and assertively

• Provide feedback and set expectations

• Involve HR if necessary

• Consider disciplinary action as a last resort

Recursively print numbers without using loops.

• Create a function that takes an integer as input.

• Print the integer.

• If the integer is less than or equal to 0, return.

• Call the function recursively with the integer decremented by 1.

Steps to take if a project exceeds estimated cost

• Re-evaluate the project scope and requirements

• Identify areas where costs can be reduced without compromising quality

• Consider alternative solutions or approaches

• Communicate with stakeholders and adjust expectations

• Implement cost control measures

• Monitor progress and adjust plans as necessary

Requests are served if API policies are not retrieved by the embedded gateway, managed by the Mule app developer.

• Requests are served by default if API policies are not retrieved by the embedded gateway.

• The Mule app developer manages the deployment process and ensures that API policies are retrieved by the embedded gateway.

• If API policies are critical for the functionality of the app, the developer should ensure they are retrieved before deployment.

To find out who is the manager of whom from the employee table.

• Join the employee table with itself on the manager_id and employee_id columns

• Select the employee name and manager name based on the join condition

The content-type for attaching a file in a post request is 'multipart/form-data'.

• The content-type 'multipart/form-data' is used when submitting forms that contain files.

• It allows multiple parts to be combined into a single body, each part representing a different form field or file.

• The 'Content-Disposition' header is used to specify the name of the file being uploaded.

Reliability testing is a type of testing that checks the ability of a system to perform consistently under different conditions.

• It involves subjecting the system to various stress factors to identify potential failures

• It helps in determining the system's ability to meet the required performance standards

• It includes testing for hardware, software, and network reliability

• Examples include load testing, stress testing, and performance testing

Cloning a linked list with random and next pointers involves creating a deep copy of the original list while maintaining the connections between nodes.

• Create a mapping of original nodes to their corresponding new nodes

• Iterate through the original list and create new nodes with the same values

• Update the random and next pointers of the new nodes based on the mapping created

To detect and remove a loop in a single linked list, we can use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm.

• Use two pointers, slow and fast, to detect a loop in the linked list.

• Move slow pointer by one step and fast pointer by two steps. If they meet at some point, there is a loop.

• To remove the loop, find the start of the loop using Floyd's Algorithm and then remove the loop by breaking the link.

ETL focuses on extracting, transforming, and loading data in a sequential process, while ELT involves loading data into a target system first and then performing transformations.

• ETL: Extract, Transform, Load - data is extracted from the source, transformed outside of the target system, and then loaded into the target system.

• ELT: Extract, Load, Transform - data is extracted from the source, loaded into the target system, and then transformed within the target system.

• ETL is sui...read more

Data modelling involves creating a visual representation of data relationships and processes.

• Data modelling is the process of creating a data model for a database.

• It involves identifying the entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints of the data.

• Data modelling helps in organizing data effectively and ensuring data integrity.

• Common data modelling techniques include Entity-Relationship (ER) modelling and UML diagrams.

• Example: In a university database, entities like st...read more

Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently. Load balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers. OS Scheduler manages the execution of processes. LRU cache is a cache eviction policy.

• Multithreading allows multiple threads to run concurrently on a single CPU core.

• Load balancer evenly distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to optimize resource utilization.

• OS Scheduler is responsible for managing t...read more

SQL query optimization involves identifying and fixing inefficient queries to improve performance.

• Identify slow queries using tools like query execution plans or monitoring tools.

• Optimize queries by using indexes, avoiding unnecessary joins, and rewriting complex queries.

• Consider denormalizing tables or using materialized views for frequently accessed data.

• Test and benchmark query performance after optimization to ensure improvements.

Various mechanisms like object stores, HTTP caching, and in-memory caching can be used to implement caching in Mule apps.

• Object stores can be used to store and retrieve data in key-value pairs for caching purposes.

• HTTP caching can be implemented by setting appropriate cache-control headers in HTTP responses.

• In-memory caching can be achieved using tools like Ehcache or Guava Cache.

• Cache scope in Mule can be used to cache data within a flow or sub-flow.

• Using Mule's caching stra...read more

Yes, I have knowledge on Do 178B/C standards for software development in airborne systems.

• Familiar with the software development process outlined in Do 178B/C

• Understand the importance of software verification and validation in aviation

• Experience in implementing software requirements and testing in compliance with Do 178B/C standards

Rule of 5 in C++ states that if a class needs to define any of the following functions, it should explicitly define all of them: destructor, copy constructor, copy assignment operator, move constructor, move assignment operator.

• Rule of 5 helps in managing resources and preventing memory leaks in C++ classes.

• If a class needs to define any of the mentioned functions, it should define all of them to ensure proper resource management.

• Example: If a class has a custom destructor, i...read more

To find the third highest salary in a SQL table, use the 'SELECT DISTINCT' statement with 'ORDER BY' and 'LIMIT'.

• Use 'SELECT DISTINCT' to avoid duplicates

• Order the salaries in descending order using 'ORDER BY'

• Use 'LIMIT 2,1' to skip the first two highest salaries and retrieve the third highest salary

Test cases for a requirement

• Verify the system behavior meets the requirement

• Test positive and negative scenarios

• Check boundary conditions

• Validate input data

• Ensure proper error handling

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language with support for object-oriented programming.

• C is a procedural programming language, while C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

• C does not support classes and objects, while C++ does.

• C does not have features like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation which are supported in C++.

• C++ has additional features like templates, exception handling, and namespaces wh...read more

Test plan and strategy are crucial for successful project delivery.

• Define test objectives and scope

• Identify test scenarios and cases

• Determine test environment and data requirements

• Establish test execution schedule and resources

• Track and report test progress and results

Kafka configuration involves setting up properties for topics, brokers, producers, and consumers.

• Configure properties in server.properties file for brokers

• Set up topics using the command line tool 'kafka-topics'

• Adjust producer properties like acks, retries, and compression type

• Configure consumer properties such as group id, auto offset reset, and enable auto commit

I have worked on L2 protocols such as Ethernet, VLAN, STP, and LLDP.

• Ethernet

• VLAN

• STP

• LLDP

Grid reversal in cpp involves reversing the order of elements in a 2D grid.

• Use nested loops to iterate through rows and columns of the grid

• Swap elements at opposite ends of each row to reverse the order

• Repeat the process for each row to fully reverse the grid