kipi.ai Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What are types of joins?
Ans. 
Types of joins include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and full join.
• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full join: Returns rows whe
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Q2. Delete duplicates from a table?
Ans. 
Use a DELETE statement with a self-join on the table to remove duplicates.
• Use a DELETE statement with a self-join on the table to identify and remove duplicates.

• Example: DELETE t1 FROM table_name t1 INNER JOIN table_name t2 WHERE t1.id < t2.id AND t1.column_name = t2.column_name;
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Q3. What are ETL and ELT tools and what are their differences?
Ans. 
ETL and ELT tools are used for extracting, transforming, and loading data in data warehousing and analytics processes.
• ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load and involves extracting data from various sources, transforming it into a usable format, and loading it into a data warehouse or database.

• ELT stands for Extract, Load, Transform and involves extracting data, loading it into a target system, and then transforming i...read more
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Q4. Can we add a new column in between 2 existing columns in a table? yes or no? Justify the answer
Ans. 
Yes, a new column can be added in between 2 existing columns in a table by altering the table structure.
• Yes, a new column can be added in between 2 existing columns by using the ALTER TABLE statement in SQL.

• The new column can be specified to be added after a specific existing column.

• For example, ALTER TABLE table_name ADD new_column_name datatype AFTER existing_column_name;
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Q5. Types of normalizations with brief explanation.
Ans. 
Types of normalizations in databases help reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• First Normal Form (1NF) - Eliminates repeating groups and ensures each column contains atomic values.

• Second Normal Form (2NF) - Ensures all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key.

• Third Normal Form (3NF) - Removes transitive dependencies by moving non-key attributes to separate tables.

• Boyce-Codd Normal Fo...read more
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Q1. Basics of oops concepts
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Q2. SQL queries based on joins, views and stored procedures
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Q3. Difference between SP and A function
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SP is a stored procedure in a database, while a function is a piece of code that performs a specific task.
• SP is precompiled and stored in the database, while a function is compiled and executed at runtime.

• Functions can return a value, while SPs can return multiple result sets.

• Functions can be used in SQL queries, while SPs are called using EXECUTE statement.
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Q4. What are views, why use them and what are the types.
Ans. 
Views in databases are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables based on a query.
• Views are used to simplify complex queries by storing them as a virtual table.

• They can hide the complexity of underlying tables and provide a layer of security by restricting access to certain columns.

• Types of views include simple views, complex views, materialized views, and indexed views.
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Q5. Top-down vs bottom-up programming approach.
Ans. 
Top-down focuses on breaking down the problem into smaller parts, while bottom-up starts with small components and builds up.
• Top-down starts with a high-level overview and breaks it down into smaller components.

• Bottom-up starts with small components and gradually builds up to create a complete system.

• Top-down is more structured and easier to plan, while bottom-up is more flexible and iterative.

• Examples: Top-down - wate
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There was mcq test with 1 sql code based question.

Q1. It was technical interview of around 30 min, questions were direct and short on react lifecycle and basic concepts of js.
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Q2. What is debounce and throttling?
Ans. 
Debounce and throttling are techniques used in web development to limit the number of times a function is called.
• Debounce delays the execution of a function until after a specified time period has elapsed without additional calls.

• Throttling limits the rate at which a function is called, ensuring it is not called more than once within a specified time interval.

• Debounce is useful for handling events like resizing a windo...read more
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Q3. What is diff between git merge and rebase?
Ans. 
Git merge combines changes from different branches, while rebase moves the current branch to the tip of another branch.
• Merge creates a new commit with combined changes, while rebase rewrites commit history.

• Merge preserves the commit history of both branches, while rebase creates a linear history.

• Merge is non-destructive and suitable for public branches, while rebase is destructive and should be used for private branche...read more
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Q4. What is diff between git fork and clone?
Ans. 
Git fork creates a copy of a repository under your GitHub account, while git clone creates a local copy of a repository.
• Fork creates a copy on GitHub, clone creates a local copy on your machine

• Forking allows you to make changes without affecting the original repository

• Cloning downloads the entire repository to your local machine

• Forking is commonly used for contributing to open source projects
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Q5. What is DOM in react?
Ans. 
DOM in React stands for Document Object Model, representing the structure of a web page as a tree of objects.
• DOM in React is a virtual representation of the actual HTML elements on a web page.

• React uses a virtual DOM to improve performance by updating only the necessary components.

• Changes to the virtual DOM are compared with the real DOM, and only the differences are updated.

• This helps in minimizing the number of DOM m...read more
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Q1. It was based on round 2 but in detail.
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Some MCQ questions based on the language of your choice and 1 SQL question.

Q1. JS fundamentals, programming concepts, sorting algos and basic coding question.
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Q1. Similar to Round 2
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Q1. Overview of my experience and projects at previous company and programming basics.
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Q1. Question based on snowflake i.e horizontal and vertical scaling, materialized view, high and low cardinality, clustering, materialized views , cost optimization
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