HCLTech Firmware Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Basic questions on C such as storage classes, pointers and more.

For coding, I was asked to write a LinkedList using C and insert a node in the LinkedList. Very straight forward.

Q1. MQTT experience
Ans. 
Experience with MQTT protocol for communication in IoT devices.
• Developed firmware using MQTT protocol for real-time communication

• Implemented MQTT client libraries in embedded systems

• Worked on MQTT topics, QoS levels, and message retention policies
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Q2. Networking protocol
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Q3. Bitfields - what are they?
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Q1. Expected salary?
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Q2. Notice period discussion
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Q1. Volatile keyword
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Q2. Project specific
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Q1. Salary expectations
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Q2. Reason for job change
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C basics , data structure, logical questions.
, pointers

Q1. Polymorphism code?
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Q2. Ho can you start a sequences
Ans. 
To start a sequence, you need to define the sequence type, specify the starting value, and set the increment or decrement value.
• Define the sequence type: arithmetic, geometric, or custom

• Specify the starting value of the sequence

• Set the increment or decrement value for arithmetic or geometric sequences

• For custom sequences, define the sequence pattern or rule

• Examples: Arithmetic sequence starting from 1 with an increment...read more
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Q3. What is abstract class? Some basic sc and UVM questions
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Q4. Question over mentioned projects?
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Q1. What is difference between Normal OS and RTOS? What is difference between microcontroller and microprocessor? Write a C program to swap two numbers without using 3rd variable.
Ans. 
RTOS is a real-time operating system designed for time-sensitive applications. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits with built-in memory and peripherals.
• RTOS is designed to provide deterministic and predictable response times for critical tasks.

• Normal OS is designed for general-purpose computing and may not prioritize real-time tasks.

• Microcontrollers are typically used in embedded systems and have limited resources...read more
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Q2. What is storage class in C?
Ans. 
Storage class in C determines the scope, visibility, and lifetime of variables.
• C has four storage classes: auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto storage class is the default and is used for local variables.

• Register storage class is used for variables that should be stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static storage class is used for variables that retain their values between function calls.

• Extern storage class ...read more
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Q3. What is difference between macro and constant variable in C? How to divide a number without using division operator?
Ans. 
A macro is a preprocessor directive that is replaced by its value before compilation, while a constant variable is a read-only variable.
• Macros are defined using the #define directive, while constant variables are declared using the const keyword.

• Macros are replaced by their values during preprocessing, while constant variables are stored in memory.

• Macros can lead to code duplication, while constant variables provide ty...read more
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Percentage, speed, series, logical abulity, differnces

Q1. C programs, protocols, Embedded C, pointers
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Q2. Strings swapping nibbles using c
Ans. 
Swapping nibbles of strings in C
• Use bitwise operations to swap the nibbles of each character in the string

• Iterate through each character in the string and swap the nibbles

• Ensure to handle edge cases like strings with odd length or non-hex characters
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Q3. I2c, can, spi, uart
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Q1. Normal hr questions
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Q2. Self, company details
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Very basic c questions like an array

Q1. Mainly focused on basics of c language Stack program
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Q2. Compilation stages , function
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