10+ Unitel Software Interview Questions and Answers

Column efficiency can be evaluated by measuring the resolution, peak asymmetry, and plate count.

• Resolution can be calculated by dividing the distance between two peaks by the sum of their peak widths.

• Peak asymmetry can be determined by measuring the distance between the peak maximum and the point where the slope of the peak is half of the maximum slope.

• Plate count can be calculated by dividing the column length by the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP).

The optimum temperature for E.Coli is around 37°C.

• E.Coli is a mesophilic bacterium, meaning it grows best at moderate temperatures.

• The temperature range for E.Coli growth is between 20-45°C.

• Temperatures above 45°C can kill E.Coli, while temperatures below 10°C can slow down its growth.

• The optimum temperature for E.Coli is similar to the normal body temperature of humans.

• E.Coli can cause foodborne illnesses if food is not cooked or stored properly.

Fermenter media can be prepared by following a few simple steps.

• Select the appropriate ingredients based on the microorganism being cultured.

• Mix the ingredients in the correct proportions and sterilize the media.

• Inoculate the media with the microorganism and incubate under appropriate conditions.

• Monitor the growth of the microorganism and adjust the media as necessary.

• Harvest the desired product from the fermented media.

Packing and unpacking a column involves filling and emptying the column with the desired material.

• Packing the column involves adding the desired material to the column and ensuring it is evenly distributed.

• Unpacking the column involves removing the material from the column, usually by flushing it with a suitable solvent.

• The packing material used depends on the type of column and the desired separation.

• Common packing materials include silica gel, ion exchange resins, and activ...read more

TFF and NFF are two different methods used in downstream processing for separating and purifying biomolecules.

• TFF (Tangential Flow Filtration) uses a membrane with pores to separate molecules based on size and charge.

• NFF (Normal Flow Filtration) uses a filter to separate molecules based on size.

• TFF is more efficient for separating smaller molecules, while NFF is better for larger molecules.

• TFF is commonly used for protein purification, while NFF is used for virus purification...read more

Column volume can be calculated by dividing the total bed volume by the packing factor.

• Determine the total bed volume of the column

• Calculate the packing factor of the column

• Divide the total bed volume by the packing factor to get the column volume

Sterilization is the process of killing or eliminating all forms of microorganisms from a surface or object.

• It is commonly used in medical facilities to prevent the spread of infections.

• There are different methods of sterilization such as heat, radiation, chemicals, and filtration.

• Autoclaving is a common method of sterilization that uses high pressure and temperature to kill microorganisms.

• Sterilization is also used in food processing and preservation to eliminate harmful bac...read more

Volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid passing through a given point per unit time, while linear flow rate is the distance traveled by the fluid per unit time.

• Volumetric flow rate is measured in units of volume per unit time, such as liters per minute or gallons per hour.

• Linear flow rate is measured in units of distance per unit time, such as meters per second or feet per minute.

• Volumetric flow rate is used to describe the flow of fluids through pipes or channels, while ...read more

Ion exchange chromatography separates molecules based on their charge.

• Ion exchange chromatography uses a resin with charged functional groups to attract and bind molecules with opposite charges.

• The bound molecules can then be eluted by changing the pH or salt concentration of the solution.

• This technique is commonly used in downstream processing to purify proteins and other biomolecules.

• Examples of ion exchange resins include DEAE (diethylaminoethyl) and CM (carboxymethyl) cel...read more

NWP stands for nominal molecular weight cut-off in TFF.

• NWP is a parameter used in tangential flow filtration (TFF) to determine the size of molecules that can pass through the membrane.

• It is the molecular weight at which 90% of the molecules are retained by the membrane.

• NWP is important in downstream processing to ensure the desired molecules are separated from impurities.

• For example, if the target molecule has a molecular weight of 50 kDa, a membrane with an NWP of 100 kDa w...read more

The chromatography software and version used is dependent on the specific process and equipment being utilized.

• The software and version may vary depending on the manufacturer of the chromatography equipment.

• Common chromatography software includes Unicorn, Chromeleon, and Empower.

• The version used may also depend on the age of the equipment and compatibility with newer software.

• The software is used to control the chromatography process and collect data for analysis.

Centrifugal pump works by converting mechanical energy from a motor into kinetic energy in the fluid being pumped.

• Centrifugal pump uses a rotating impeller to create a centrifugal force that pushes the fluid towards the pump outlet.

• The fluid enters the pump through the suction inlet and is accelerated by the impeller.

• The kinetic energy of the fluid increases as it moves through the pump, resulting in an increase in pressure and flow rate.

• Examples of centrifugal pumps include ...read more

Air conditioner works by absorbing heat from indoor air and releasing it outside, cooling the indoor space.

• Air conditioner absorbs heat from indoor air using refrigerant

• Refrigerant evaporates in the indoor coil, absorbing heat

• The warm refrigerant gas is then pumped to the outdoor unit where it releases heat

• The refrigerant condenses back into a liquid and the cycle repeats

• The cooled air is then circulated back into the indoor space

Flux in TFF refers to the rate of flow of the liquid through the membrane during filtration.

• Flux is measured in volume per unit area per unit time.

• It is influenced by factors such as pressure, temperature, and membrane pore size.

• High flux rates can lead to membrane fouling and reduced filtration efficiency.