10+ M.R. Al Khathlan Co. for Contracting Interview Questions and Answers

One way to find the IP address of a website is by using the nslookup command in the command prompt.

• Open the command prompt on your computer.

• Type 'nslookup' followed by the website URL (e.g. nslookup www.google.com).

• The IP address of the website will be displayed in the 'Address' field.

• You can also use online tools like 'ipinfo.io' to find the IP address of a website.

The * displayed on the tracert command indicates that the packet has reached the final destination

• The * symbol is shown when the packet reaches the final destination and the response is not received

• It could also indicate that the router is configured not to respond to the ICMP request

• The * symbol is used to show that the hop is not responding or is blocking the response

Encoding, hashing, and encryption are methods used to protect data by transforming it into a different format.

• Encoding is the process of converting data into a different format using a scheme that is publicly available. Examples include Base64 encoding.

• Hashing is the process of converting data into a fixed-length string of characters using a mathematical algorithm. Examples include MD5 and SHA-256.

• Encryption is the process of converting data into a secret code that can only b...read more

Call by value passes a copy of the actual parameter, while Call by reference passes the address of the actual parameter.

• In Call by value, changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the actual parameter.

• In Call by reference, changes made to the parameter inside the function affect the actual parameter.

• Example for Call by value: void swap(int a, int b) { int temp = a; a = b; b = temp; }

• Example for Call by reference: void swap(int &a, int &b) { int temp = a;...read more

Certificates used on websites can be found by checking the SSL/TLS certificate details in the browser.

• Check the SSL/TLS certificate details in the browser by clicking on the padlock icon in the address bar.

• Look for the certificate authority (CA) that issued the certificate.

• Verify the validity period of the certificate and the encryption algorithm used.

• Check for any certificate errors or warnings.

• Some common certificate authorities include Let's Encrypt, DigiCert, and Comodo.

• C...read more

The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

• Physical Layer: Deals with physical connections and transmission of raw data over a physical medium (e.g. cables)

• Data Link Layer: Manages data frames, error detection, and flow control (e.g. Ethernet)

• Network Layer: Handles routing, addressing, and logical connections between different networks (e.g. IP)

• Transport Layer: Ensures reliab...read more

nmap is a powerful network scanning tool used for discovering hosts and services on a network.

• nmap -help will display all available options and their descriptions

• Options include scanning techniques, target specifications, output formats, and more

• Examples: nmap -A for aggressive scan, nmap -sV for version detection

Nmap is a powerful network scanning tool used to discover hosts and services on a network.

• Use 'nmap -sP ' to perform a ping scan to determine which hosts are online.

• Use 'nmap -sS ' to perform a TCP SYN scan to determine open ports.

• Use 'nmap -A ' to enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute.

• Use 'nmap -p ' to scan a specific port on a target host.

• Use 'nmap -O ' to perform OS detection on a target host.

The harvester tool is a data gathering tool used by security analysts to collect information from various sources.

• The harvester tool can be used to gather information from social media platforms, websites, and public databases.

• It helps security analysts in reconnaissance phase of a security assessment.

• Examples of information gathered include email addresses, subdomains, and employee names.