Interview Questions and Answers

Three way handshake is a method used in TCP/IP communication to establish a connection between a client and a server.

• Three way handshake involves three steps: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.

• The client sends a SYN packet to the server to initiate the connection.

• The server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, acknowledging the client's request.

• Finally, the client sends an ACK packet to the server, confirming the connection establishment.

• This process ensures reliable and synchronized communic...read more

Switches work on layer 2 and routers work on layer 3. Types of switches include unmanaged, managed, and layer 3 switches.

• Switches work on layer 2 of the OSI model and routers work on layer 3.

• Switches are used to connect devices within a network and forward data based on MAC addresses.

• Types of switches include unmanaged, managed, and layer 3 switches.

• Routers are used to connect different networks and forward data based on IP addresses.

• Types of routers include edge routers, cor...read more

CIA Triad ensures data security. DOS attack can cause loss of availability.

• CIA Triad stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.

• It ensures data security by protecting against unauthorized access, alteration, and destruction.

• DOS attack can cause loss of availability by overwhelming a system with traffic or requests.

• This can result in the system becoming unresponsive or crashing, making the data unavailable.

• For example, a website may become unavailable during a DO...read more

Various types of packets can be used for DOS attacks, including SYN floods, UDP floods, and ICMP floods.

• SYN floods involve sending a large number of SYN packets to overwhelm the target server's resources.

• UDP floods involve sending a large number of UDP packets to consume the target server's bandwidth.

• ICMP floods involve sending a large number of ICMP packets to flood the target server with traffic.

• Other types of packets, such as HTTP GET requests or DNS queries, can also be u...read more

MD5 is a hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value while SHA-2 is a family of hash functions that produce hash values of varying lengths.

• MD5 produces a fixed-length hash value of 128 bits while SHA-2 produces hash values of 224, 256, 384, or 512 bits.

• MD5 is considered less secure than SHA-2 due to its susceptibility to collision attacks.

• SHA-2 is a family of hash functions that includes SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512.

• SHA-2 is widely used for digital signatures, ...read more

Cryptography is the practice of secure communication in the presence of third parties.

• Symmetric-key cryptography

• Asymmetric-key cryptography

• Hash functions

• Encryption algorithms

• Digital signatures