30+ Tech Mahindra Interview Questions and Answers

Tools for continuous integration include Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI/CD, and Bamboo.

• Jenkins is a popular open-source tool for continuous integration and delivery

• Travis CI is a cloud-based continuous integration platform

• CircleCI is a cloud-based continuous integration and delivery platform

• GitLab CI/CD is a built-in continuous integration and delivery tool in GitLab

• Bamboo is a continuous integration and deployment tool from Atlassian

Feature file contains high-level scenarios written in Gherkin language, while step definitions contain the actual automation code to execute those scenarios.

• Feature file is written in Gherkin language to describe high-level scenarios

• Step definitions contain the actual automation code to execute the scenarios

• Feature file and step definitions are linked through annotations or tags

• Feature file is more readable for non-technical stakeholders, while step definitions are more techn...read more

GitHub is a platform for version control and collaboration, clone repository is copying a repository, issue faced in production is a problem occurring in the live environment, process followed in last company is the steps taken to address issues.

• GitHub is a web-based platform for version control using Git

• Cloning a repository means making a copy of it on your local machine

• Issues faced in production refer to problems occurring in the live environment

• Process followed in last com...read more

Authentication and authorization in Angular can be implemented using Angular's built-in features and third-party libraries.

• Use Angular's HttpClient to send authentication requests to a server

• Implement guards to restrict access to certain routes based on user roles

• Utilize JWT tokens for secure authentication and authorization

• Consider using libraries like Angular JWT for easier token management

Communication between different components is achieved through various methods like props drilling, context API, event emitters, and state management libraries.

• Props drilling: Passing data from parent to child components through props.

• Context API: Provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• Event emitters: Emitting events from one component and listening to them in another component.

• State management librarie...read more

Our project follows a modular framework structure with separate layers for test cases, utilities, and configurations.

• The framework is designed using a modular approach to promote reusability and maintainability.

• We have separate packages for test cases, page objects, utilities, and configurations.

• Test cases are written using a Page Object Model design pattern to separate test logic from page interactions.

• We use TestNG as the test runner and Selenium WebDriver for browser autom...read more

Handling load for a distributed system involves load balancing, scaling, caching, and monitoring.

• Implement load balancing to evenly distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers.

• Scale the system by adding more servers or resources to handle increased load.

• Utilize caching to store frequently accessed data and reduce the load on the backend.

• Monitor system performance and adjust resources as needed to maintain optimal performance.

• Examples: Using a load balancer like Nginx ...read more

Yes, I have used Stream and Filters in Java for processing collections.

• Used Stream to perform operations on collections in a functional style

• Used Filters to apply conditions and filter elements in a collection

• Example: stream.filter(x -> x > 5).forEach(System.out::println)

Lazy loading in Angular is a technique used to load modules only when they are needed.

• Lazy loading is achieved by using the loadChildren property in the route configuration.

• Lazy loaded modules are loaded asynchronously when the user navigates to the corresponding route.

• Lazy loading helps improve the initial loading time of the application by only loading necessary modules on demand.

Various channels for sourcing include job boards, social media, employee referrals, recruitment agencies, and networking events.

• Job boards such as Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn are commonly used for posting job openings and attracting candidates.

• Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram can be utilized for promoting job opportunities and engaging with potential candidates.

• Employee referrals involve current employees recommending candidates from their netw...read more

Various metrics used in recruitment include time to fill, cost per hire, quality of hire, and retention rate.

• Time to fill: the number of days it takes to fill a job opening from the time it is posted

• Cost per hire: the total cost incurred to fill a position, including advertising, agency fees, and recruiter salaries

• Quality of hire: the performance and tenure of new hires compared to their peers

• Retention rate: the percentage of employees who stay with the company for a certain ...read more

OOPS concepts are the principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in designing and implementing software systems.

• Encapsulation - bundling of data and methods that operate on that data

• Inheritance - ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class

• Polymorphism - ability of objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors

• Abstraction - hiding of complex implementation details and providing a simplified interface

• Examples: Java, C++, Python

DevOps benefits include faster delivery, improved collaboration, increased efficiency, and better quality.

• Faster time-to-market for software releases

• Improved collaboration between development and operations teams

• Increased efficiency through automation and continuous delivery

• Better quality through continuous testing and monitoring

• Reduced risk of errors and downtime

• Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty

• Cost savings through streamlined processes and reduced waste

Abstraction is a fundamental concept in OOPS that allows hiding implementation details and focusing on essential features.

• Abstraction is the process of identifying essential features and ignoring the rest.

• It allows creating abstract classes and interfaces that can be implemented by concrete classes.

• Abstraction helps in achieving encapsulation and modularity in software design.

• Examples of abstraction include abstract classes, interfaces, and inheritance.

• Abstraction is one of t...read more

A program to remove duplicate characters from an array of strings.

• Iterate through each string in the array

• For each string, create a new string without duplicate characters

• Use a set to keep track of characters already seen

• Return the array of strings with duplicates removed

Selenium is a popular automation testing tool used for web applications, while Gherkin is a language used for writing test cases in a human-readable format.

• Selenium is used for automating web browsers to test web applications.

• Gherkin is a language that uses keywords like Given, When, Then to describe test scenarios in a readable format.

• Selenium can be integrated with Gherkin using tools like Cucumber to write automated test cases in a behavior-driven development (BDD) approac...read more

MVC routing and filters in .NET

• Routing maps URLs to controller actions

• Filters are used to add pre/post processing logic to controller actions

• Filters can be applied globally or to specific actions/controllers

• Examples of filters include authorization, caching, and exception handling

I have previously used Greenhouse and Lever as ATS platforms.

• Greenhouse

• Lever

Parameterize refers to the process of defining parameters or variables in a system or program.

• Parameterizing allows for greater flexibility and customization in a system or program.

• It can be used in various fields such as engineering, finance, and computer science.

• For example, in a computer program, parameterizing can allow the user to input values for certain variables, making the program more adaptable to different scenarios.

A function to reverse a given string

• Create an empty string to store the reversed string

• Iterate through the input string from end to start and append each character to the new string

• Return the reversed string

Page Object Model is a design pattern used in test automation to create an object repository for web UI elements.

• Separates test scripts from web elements

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Enhances test readability and reduces duplication

• Each web page is represented as a class

Object-oriented programming concepts that focus on classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• Classes: Blueprint for creating objects with attributes and methods.

• Objects: Instances of classes that contain data and behavior.

• Inheritance: Ability for a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability for objects of different classes to respond ...read more

A program to check if a given string is a palindrome or not.

• Create a function that takes a string as input

• Reverse the string and compare it with the original string

• Return true if they are the same, false otherwise

Fetch data from API to display array list of strings

• Use fetch() method to retrieve data from API

• Parse the response data using JSON.parse()

• Loop through the array and create a list element for each item

• Append the list elements to the DOM

SOLID is a set of five design principles that help make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the functionality.

• I - Interface Segregation ...read more

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing production-ready features out of the box.

• Spring Boot eliminates the need for manual configuration by providing defaults for most settings.

• It allows developers to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based Applications.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow, making it easy to deploy applications.

• It offers a wide range of plugins to enhance producti...read more

The back out ratio is the percentage of candidates who accept a job offer but later withdraw or back out before starting the job.

• Back out ratio is calculated by dividing the number of candidates who back out by the total number of candidates who accepted the job offer.

• A high back out ratio can indicate issues with the recruitment process or the job itself.

• Employers may track the back out ratio to identify trends and make improvements in their hiring process.

• For example, if 5 ...read more

Middlewares are software components that act as a bridge between different applications or systems, allowing them to communicate and share data.

• Middlewares help in handling requests, responses, and processing data between different layers of an application.

• They can be used for authentication, logging, error handling, and other common functionalities.

• Examples include Express.js middleware in Node.js applications, Django middleware in Python web frameworks, and Redux middleware...read more

Interceptors are used in software development to intercept and manipulate HTTP requests and responses.

• Interceptors can be used for logging, authentication, error handling, and modifying requests/responses.

• In Angular, interceptors can be used to add headers to HTTP requests, handle errors globally, and cache responses.

• In Spring Boot, interceptors can be used to log requests, validate input, and handle exceptions.

• Interceptors are commonly used in web development to centralize a...read more

Java 8 introduced several new features such as lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to pass functionality as an argument to a method.

• Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to process collections of objects in a functional style.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Example: Using lambda expressions to iterate over...read more

Agile is a software development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and iterative development.

• Agile focuses on delivering working software in short, iterative cycles called sprints.

• It values customer collaboration and responding to change over following a strict plan.

• Agile teams are self-organizing and cross-functional, with frequent communication and feedback.

• Common agile frameworks include Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming (XP).

Selenium is a popular automation testing tool used for web application testing.

• Automates web browsers to test web applications

• Supports multiple programming languages like Java, C#, Python

• Can run tests across different browsers and operating systems

• Integrates with testing frameworks like TestNG, JUnit

• Used for regression testing, functional testing, and load testing

Angular uses Zone.js for change detection mechanism to track changes in the application and update the view accordingly.

• Angular uses Zone.js for change detection mechanism

• Zone.js monkey patches async operations to trigger change detection

• Change detection can be triggered manually using ChangeDetectorRef