10+ embedUR Systems Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

BFS and DFS are two popular graph traversal algorithms. BFS explores the graph level by level while DFS explores the graph depth by depth.

• BFS uses a queue data structure while DFS uses a stack or recursion.

• BFS is guaranteed to find the shortest path between two nodes while DFS may not.

• BFS is better suited for finding the shortest path, while DFS is better suited for finding all possible paths or cycles.

• BFS has a higher memory requirement than DFS.

• Examples of BFS include findi...read more

Paging is a memory management technique used by OS to store and retrieve data from secondary storage.

• It divides the memory into fixed-size pages and stores data in these pages.

• It allows efficient use of memory by swapping out less frequently used pages to disk.

• It reduces fragmentation and improves memory utilization.

• Examples include Windows Virtual Memory and Linux Swap Space.

malloc and calloc are functions in C programming used for dynamic memory allocation, with the main difference being how they initialize memory.

• malloc() allocates uninitialized memory, while calloc() allocates zero-initialized memory

• malloc() takes a single argument for the number of bytes to allocate, while calloc() takes two arguments for the number of elements and size of each element

• Example: int *ptr = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int)); vs int *ptr = (int*)calloc(5, sizeof(int)...read more

Components working refers to the individual parts of a system functioning properly together.

• Components working means each part of the system is operational and interacting correctly.

• Example: In a software application, components working would include the database, server, and user interface all functioning as intended.

• Example: In a car, components working would involve the engine, brakes, and steering system all working together smoothly.

Paging is a memory management technique used by the operating system to store and retrieve data from secondary storage.

• Paging divides the memory into fixed-size pages and stores them in secondary storage.

• When a process needs a page, the operating system retrieves it from secondary storage and loads it into memory.

• Paging allows for efficient use of memory and helps prevent fragmentation.

• Examples of operating systems that use paging include Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Max heap has the largest element at the root while Min heap has the smallest element at the root.

• Max heap is a complete binary tree where the parent node is greater than or equal to its child nodes.

• Min heap is a complete binary tree where the parent node is less than or equal to its child nodes.

• Heaps are commonly used in sorting algorithms like Heap Sort and Priority Queues.

• Insertion and deletion operations in heaps take O(log n) time complexity.

Various searching methods include BFS, DFS, binary search, and linear search.

• BFS (Breadth-First Search) explores all the vertices at the same level before moving to the next level.

• DFS (Depth-First Search) explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.

• Binary search is a divide and conquer algorithm that searches a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half.

• Linear search checks each element in a sequence until the desired element is foun...read more

Quick sort works by selecting a pivot element and sorting the array by divide and conquer.

• Select a pivot element from the array

• Divide the array into two sub-arrays, one with elements smaller than the pivot and the other with elements greater than the pivot

• Recursively apply the above steps to the sub-arrays

• Combine the sorted sub-arrays to get the final sorted array

The best option for traction motor depends on the specific application and requirements.

• AC induction motors are commonly used for electric vehicles due to their high efficiency and reliability.

• Permanent magnet synchronous motors are also a popular choice for their high power density and torque.

• Brushless DC motors are another option, offering high efficiency and low maintenance.

• The choice of motor also depends on factors such as cost, weight, and size constraints.

• Overall, the ...read more

Structure and union are two user-defined data types in C used to store multiple data types under a single variable name.

• Structure is a collection of variables of different data types under a single name.

• Union is similar to structure but all the variables share the same memory location.

• Structures are used to represent complex data types like a student record or a book record.

• Unions are used to save memory by sharing the same memory location for different variables.

• Structures a...read more

A pnp junction is a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that consists of a p-doped semiconductor sandwiched between two n-doped semiconductors.

• The pnp junction is a three-layer device with a p-type layer sandwiched between two n-type layers.

• It is commonly used in amplification and switching circuits.

• In a pnp transistor, the majority charge carriers are holes, which flow from the emitter to the collector.

• The pnp junction is the opposite of an npn junction, which has an n...read more

A resistor is an electronic component that resists the flow of electric current.

• Resistors are used to control the amount of current flowing in a circuit.

• They are typically made of a material that has high resistance to the flow of electricity.

• The resistance of a resistor is measured in ohms (Ω).

• Resistors come in different shapes and sizes, and are color-coded to indicate their resistance value.

• Examples of applications of resistors include voltage dividers, current limiters, a...read more