Cyient Product Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the architecture of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?
Ans. 
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is an abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run Java programs.
• JVM is platform-independent and converts Java bytecode into machine code.

• It consists of class loader, runtime data areas, execution engine, and native method interface.

• JVM memory is divided into method area, heap, stack, and PC register.

• Examples of JVM implementations include Oracle HotSpot, OpenJ9, and GraalVM.
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Q2. What is the default connection pooling in Spring Boot, and how can it be customized?
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The default connection pooling in Spring Boot is HikariCP, which can be customized through properties in the application.properties file.
• HikariCP is the default connection pooling library in Spring Boot, known for its high performance and low overhead.

• To customize the connection pooling, you can modify properties like 'spring.datasource.hikari.*' in the application.properties file.

• For example, you can set maximum pool ...read more
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Q3. What are the best practices for optimizing a Spring Boot application?
Ans. 
Best practices for optimizing a Spring Boot application
• Use Spring Boot Actuator to monitor and manage application performance

• Implement caching mechanisms like Spring Cache to reduce database calls

• Optimize database queries and indexes for better performance

• Use asynchronous processing with Spring's @Async annotation for non-blocking operations

• Profile and analyze application performance using tools like VisualVM or JProfi
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Q4. What is a heap dump, and how can it be used to identify memory leaks?
Ans. 
A heap dump is a snapshot of the memory usage of a Java application at a specific point in time.
• Heap dumps can be generated using tools like jmap or VisualVM.

• They provide detailed information about objects in memory, their sizes, and references.

• Analyzing a heap dump can help identify memory leaks by pinpointing objects that are consuming excessive memory.

• Common signs of memory leaks in a heap dump include a large numbe...read more
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Q5. How can you diagonally iterate through and print the elements of a 2D array?program
Ans. 
Diagonally iterate through and print elements of a 2D array of strings.
• Use nested loops to iterate through rows and columns of the 2D array.

• Calculate the diagonal elements by incrementing row and column indices together.

• Print the elements as you iterate through the diagonal of the array.
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Q1. What are your roles and responsibilities in brief?
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Q2. What are the exact steps you do as a Product Owner
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Q1. Questions on core java concepts
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Q2. Questions on SQL and Springboot
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Q1. Questions on Collection framework.
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Q2. Questions on Springboot and core java
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Q1. Scenario based question
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Q2. Stream API questions
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Q1. What is name of company
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Q2. Why you want to work here
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Q1. Agile delivery mechanism.
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Q2. User stories
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Q1. Which java version are you using in your project and what are the features in it
Ans. 
We are using Java 11 in our project, which includes features like local variable type inference, HTTP client API, and improved security.
• Java 11 introduced local variable type inference, allowing the compiler to infer the type of a variable based on the initializer.

• The HTTP client API in Java 11 provides a more modern and flexible way to send HTTP requests and handle responses.

• Java 11 also includes improved security fea...read more
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Q2. Which spring boot version are you using in your project and what are the features in it
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We are using Spring Boot version 2.5.2 in our project, which includes features like improved startup performance, enhanced actuator endpoints, and updated dependencies.
• Spring Boot 2.5.2 offers improved startup performance compared to previous versions.

• Enhanced actuator endpoints provide better monitoring and management capabilities.

• Updated dependencies ensure compatibility with the latest libraries and frameworks.
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Q3. What is 12 factors approach for micro service
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The 12 factors approach is a methodology for building modern, scalable, and maintainable microservices.
• Codebase: One codebase tracked in revision control, many deploys

• Dependencies: Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies

• Config: Store config in the environment

• Backing services: Treat backing services as attached resources

• Build, release, run: Strictly separate build and run stages

• Processes: Execute the app as one or m...read more
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Q4. How to find the 3rd highest element in an unsorted array with duplicate using java 8.
Ans. 
Use Java 8 streams to find the 3rd highest element in an unsorted array with duplicates.
• Convert the array to a stream using Arrays.stream()

• Use distinct() to remove duplicates

• Sort the stream in descending order using sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())

• Skip the first two elements using skip(2)

• Find and return the third element using findFirst()
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1 hour, wage question, not related to mention technology.

Q1. Oops related queries
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Q2. Discussion around last project
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Q1. 1. About oil industry and what products we have worked and explain some product / feature which are new / different
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Comprises many questions related to MTM, Costing methods, price changes, in transit oil price calculations with a case history.

Q1. 1. Questions based on case study 2. Questions related to past experience with DB, technology we have worked, related to product management
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Q1. 1. More of a culture fit questions
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Q1. Asked About what we know about Sapient, Why we are leaving the previous org etc.
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