10+ Cyber Infrastructure Interview Questions and Answers

A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class. Private, protected, public, and default are access modifiers in object-oriented programming.

• A class is a template or blueprint that defines the properties and behaviors of objects.

• An object is an instance of a class, created using the class blueprint.

• Private access modifier restricts access to class members within the same class.

• Protected access modifier allows access within the same class...read more

An object is a self-contained entity that consists of both data and behavior.

• Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming.

• They encapsulate data and provide methods to manipulate that data.

• Objects can interact with each other through method calls and message passing.

• Examples of objects include a car, a person, or a bank account.

Public is a keyword in programming languages that denotes the accessibility of a class, method, or variable.

• Public is one of the access modifiers in object-oriented programming.

• It allows the class, method, or variable to be accessed from any other class or package.

• Public members are part of the public API of a software component.

• Example: public class MyClass { ... }

• Example: public void myMethod() { ... }

• Example: public int myVariable = 10;

In programming, private is an access modifier that restricts the visibility of a class member to within its own class.

• Private is used to encapsulate data and prevent direct access from outside the class.

• Private members can only be accessed through public methods or properties.

• Private variables are often used to store internal state or implementation details.

• Private methods are used for internal logic and are not meant to be called from outside the class.

protected is an access modifier in object-oriented programming that restricts access to members within the same package or subclasses.

• protected is one of the four access modifiers in Java, along with public, private, and default.

• Members declared as protected can be accessed within the same package or by subclasses.

• Protected members are not accessible outside the package unless accessed through inheritance.

• Example: protected int age; can be accessed by any subclass of the clas...read more

The == operator checks for equality, while the === operator checks for strict equality (including data type).

• The == operator only checks for equality of values, not data types.

• The === operator checks for both equality of values and data types.

• Example: 5 == '5' would return true, but 5 === '5' would return false.

Common types of cyberattacks include phishing, malware, ransomware, DDoS attacks, and social engineering.

• Phishing: fraudulent emails or messages to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information

• Malware: malicious software designed to damage or gain unauthorized access to a computer system

• Ransomware: encrypts files on a victim's system and demands payment for decryption

• DDoS attacks: overwhelm a system with traffic to disrupt normal operations

• Social engineering: manipul...read more

Social phishing is a type of cyber attack that involves manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information.

• Social phishing involves attackers using social engineering tactics to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information such as passwords or financial details.

• Common methods of social phishing include impersonating trusted entities like banks or government agencies, creating fake social media profiles, and sending deceptive emails or messages.

• To preve...read more

To prevent identity theft, one can take steps such as monitoring financial accounts regularly, using strong passwords, being cautious with personal information, and shredding sensitive documents.

• Monitor financial accounts regularly for any suspicious activity

• Use strong, unique passwords for online accounts

• Be cautious when sharing personal information online or over the phone

• Shred sensitive documents before disposing of them

Spyware attacks are malicious software that secretly gathers information about a person or organization.

• Spyware can be installed on a device without the user's knowledge through malicious links, emails, or software downloads.

• To prevent spyware attacks, users should regularly update their operating systems and security software.

• Avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading attachments from unknown sources.

• Use a reputable antivirus program and enable firewall protection on ...read more

To ensure a server is secure, one must implement various security measures such as firewalls, encryption, regular updates, access control, and monitoring.

• Implement firewalls to control incoming and outgoing traffic

• Use encryption to protect data in transit and at rest

• Regularly update software and patches to fix vulnerabilities

• Implement access control measures to restrict unauthorized access

• Monitor server activity for any suspicious behavior

I am familiar with tools such as Adobe XD, Sketch, Figma, InVision, and Zeplin.

• Adobe XD

• Sketch

• Figma

• InVision

• Zeplin

Both UI and UX have their own challenges, but I find UX more challenging due to the need for in-depth research and understanding of user behavior.

• Understanding user needs and behavior

• Creating user personas and user flows

• Conducting usability testing and gathering feedback

Revamp the UI of a given website using Figma/XD

• Analyze the current website's UI to identify areas for improvement

• Create wireframes and mockups of the new UI design in Figma/XD

• Focus on improving user experience and usability

• Use consistent design elements and color schemes

• Seek feedback from stakeholders for iterative improvements

To switch variable values, use a temporary variable to hold one value while swapping the other.

• Create a temporary variable to hold the value of one variable

• Assign the value of the second variable to the first variable

• Assign the value of the temporary variable to the second variable

I will talk about the impact of technology on modern society in 2 minutes.

• Introduction to the rapid advancements in technology

• Effects on communication, education, and work

• Positive aspects such as increased efficiency and convenience

• Negative aspects like privacy concerns and job displacement

• Examples like smartphones, social media, and automation

• Conclusion on the overall impact of technology on society

Session in PHP is a way to store information (variables) to be used across multiple pages during a user's visit to a website.

• Sessions are used to store user-specific information, such as username, shopping cart items, etc.

• Sessions are started with session_start() function and can be accessed using the $_SESSION superglobal array.

• Sessions are stored on the server and identified by a unique session ID, which is usually stored in a cookie on the user's browser.

UI is the user interface, focusing on the look and feel of a product, while UX is the user experience, focusing on the overall experience of the user interacting with the product.

• UI is the visual aspect of a product, including colors, typography, and layout.

• UX is the overall experience of a user interacting with a product, including ease of use, efficiency, and satisfaction.

• UI design focuses on creating visually appealing interfaces, while UX design focuses on enhancing the o...read more