60+ Nesma Water & Energy Interview Questions and Answers

Web API is a set of protocols and tools for building software applications that communicate with each other through the internet.

• Web API allows different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet.

• It uses a set of protocols and tools to enable this communication.

• Web API is commonly used in web development to allow web applications to interact with each other.

• Examples of Web APIs include Google Maps API, Twitter API, and Facebook API.

Hashmap is a data structure in Java that stores key-value pairs. It provides fast retrieval and insertion of elements.

• Hashmap uses hashing to store and retrieve elements based on keys

• It allows null values and only one null key

• Lists are ordered collections while Hashmap is not

• Lists allow duplicate elements while Hashmap does not

Diamond structure problem occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.

• Diamond structure problem is a common issue in multiple inheritance where a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.

• This can lead to ambiguity in the inheritance hierarchy and can cause issues with method overriding and variable access.

• One way to resolve the diamond structure problem is by using virtual inheritance, where the common base class is inherit...read more

The code segment that starts jquery execution is $(document).ready(function(){...});

• $() is a shorthand for jQuery() function

• document refers to the HTML document object

• ready() method waits for the document to be fully loaded

• function(){} is the code block that executes when the document is ready

SpringBoot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing a lightweight, opinionated approach.

• SpringBoot eliminates the need for boilerplate code and configuration, allowing developers to focus on writing business logic.

• It provides a wide range of built-in features and libraries, such as embedded servers, dependency management, and auto-configuration.

• SpringBoot promotes modular and scalable application development through its support for micr...read more

Errors in MVC can be handled using try-catch blocks, custom error pages, and logging.

• Use try-catch blocks to catch exceptions and handle them appropriately

• Create custom error pages to display user-friendly error messages

• Implement logging to track errors and debug issues

• Use ModelState.IsValid to validate user input and prevent errors

• Use global error handling filters to handle errors across the application

Security settings in IIS are configurations that help protect web applications from unauthorized access and attacks.

• IIS Manager allows for configuring security settings for websites and applications

• Authentication settings can be configured to control access to resources

• IP and domain restrictions can be set to allow or deny access to specific clients

• SSL/TLS settings can be configured to encrypt traffic between clients and servers

• Request filtering can be used to block requests ...read more

Application pool is a container for applications hosted on IIS.

• It provides a separate process and memory space for each application.

• It helps in isolating applications from each other.

• It allows for better resource management and application availability.

• It can be configured with different settings like .NET framework version, identity, etc.

Server side validation is the process of validating user input on the server before processing it.

• It ensures that the data received from the client is valid and secure.

• It prevents malicious attacks and data breaches.

• It reduces the load on the client-side and improves performance.

• Examples include checking for required fields, data type, length, and format.

• It is an essential part of web application security.

Advanced Java is used to develop complex and high-performance applications that require advanced features and functionalities.

• Advanced Java provides advanced features like multithreading, networking, and database connectivity.

• It allows for the development of robust and scalable enterprise applications.

• Advanced Java frameworks like Spring and Hibernate simplify application development.

• It enables the creation of secure and efficient web applications.

• Advanced Java is widely used...read more

Action filters are attributes that can be applied to controller actions to modify the way they behave.

• Action filters are used to perform tasks before or after an action method executes.

• They can be used to modify the result of an action method.

• Examples include authentication filters, caching filters, and exception filters.

Media type formatters are used to serialize and deserialize data in Web API.

• Media type formatters are responsible for converting data between CLR objects and their serialized representation.

• They are used in Web API to format the response data based on the client's request.

• Examples of media type formatters include JSON, XML, and BSON.

• Developers can create custom media type formatters to support other data formats.

Attribute handling refers to the management and manipulation of attributes in software development.

• Attributes are characteristics or properties of an object or entity.

• Attribute handling involves defining, accessing, modifying, and deleting attributes.

• Attributes can be used to store data, control behavior, or provide metadata.

• Examples of attribute handling include setting the color of a button, retrieving the size of a file, or changing the font of a text.

• Attribute handling is...read more

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a format that can be stored or transmitted.

• Serialization is used to save the state of an object and recreate it later.

• It is commonly used in network communication to transmit data between different systems.

• Examples of serialization formats include JSON, XML, and binary formats like Protocol Buffers.

• Serialization can also be used for caching and data persistence.

Selector method is used to select and manipulate elements in a web page using CSS selectors.

• Selector method is a part of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).

• It is used to select and manipulate HTML elements based on their attributes, classes, and IDs.

• Examples of selector methods include getElementById(), getElementsByClassName(), and querySelectorAll().

LINQ (Language Integrated Query) is a feature in C# that allows for querying data from different data sources using a uniform syntax.

• LINQ allows for querying data from collections, databases, XML, and more.

• It provides a set of standard query operators like Where, Select, OrderBy, etc.

• LINQ queries are written in a declarative syntax similar to SQL.

• Example: var result = from num in numbers where num % 2 == 0 select num;

Different types of joins in SQL include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full outer join: Returns rows when there is a match in either table

An interface is a contract that defines a set of methods that a class must implement.

• An interface provides a way to achieve multiple inheritance in Java.

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and loose coupling.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces.

• Interfaces can have default methods and static methods.

• Example: The Comparable interface in Java is used to compare objects.

Wrapper classes are used to convert primitive data types into objects.

• Wrapper classes provide methods to convert primitive data types into objects and vice versa

• Wrapper classes are immutable

• Wrapper classes are used in collections and generics

• Examples of wrapper classes include Integer, Double, Boolean, etc.

Programs to count frequency of characters in a string, check if a number is power of 3, and SQL query to get highest salary employees by country.

• For frequencyOfChars, use a HashMap to store character counts and iterate through the string.

• For isPowerOf3, keep dividing the number by 3 until it becomes 1 or not divisible by 3.

• For SQL query, use a subquery to get max salary for each country and join with Emp table.

• Example SQL query: SELECT e1.* FROM Emp e1 JOIN (SELECT Country, M...read more

Strings in Java are sequences of characters used to store and manipulate text data.

• Strings in Java are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed once they are created.

• String objects can be created using the 'new' keyword or by directly assigning a string literal.

• Common string operations in Java include concatenation, substring extraction, and comparison.

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications by providing a set of tools and conventions.

• Spring Boot eliminates the need for complex configuration by providing defaults for most settings.

• Actuator is a set of tools provided by Spring Boot for monitoring and managing the application.

• Query param is used to pass parameters in the URL of an HTTP request.

• HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE are used to perform different operations on resources...read more

Cybage is a global technology consulting organization specializing in outsourced product engineering services.

• Cybage has a strong focus on software engineering and product development.

• They have a global presence with offices in North America, Europe, and Asia.

• Cybage has expertise in various industries including healthcare, retail, and finance.

• They have won several awards for their work in software engineering and innovation.

SQL queries are used to retrieve data from a database. Examples include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

• SELECT * FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York'

• INSERT INTO orders (customer_id, order_date, total_amount) VALUES (1, '2021-01-01', 100.00)

• UPDATE products SET price = 10.99 WHERE id = 1

• DELETE FROM orders WHERE id = 5

To recover data from a virus-infected HDD, isolate the HDD, scan it with antivirus software, and use data recovery tools if necessary.

• Disconnect the infected HDD from the computer to prevent further spread of the virus

• Connect the HDD to a clean and secure computer as a secondary drive

• Run a thorough antivirus scan on the infected HDD to remove the virus

• If the antivirus scan doesn't recover the data, use data recovery software like Recuva, TestDisk, or EaseUS Data Recovery Wiza...read more

Answering questions related to QA Automation Engineer interview

• To handle username and password popup, use sendKeys() method to enter the credentials

• To handle frames, use switchTo().frame() method

• To switch to another tab, use switchTo().window() method

• Relative xpath starts with '//' and searches for elements based on their relationship with other elements

• Absolute xpath starts with '/' and searches for elements based on their exact location in the HTML tree

• TestNG is a testing f...read more

Data can be submitted in PowerApps through various ways.

• Using SubmitForm function

• Using Patch function

• Using Update function

• Using Collect function

• Using a custom connector

• Using a data gateway

• Using a flow

• Using a REST API

Content Query Web Part is a Sharepoint Online tool that displays content from multiple sites in a single location.

• Displays content from multiple sites in a single location

• Can be customized to show specific content based on filters

• Can be used to create dynamic navigation menus

• Can be used to display news or announcements from across the organization

Tuple classes are classes that represent a fixed-size collection of elements.

• Tuple

• Pair

• Triple

• Quadruple

ES6 features are modern JavaScript syntax and features that make code more concise and readable.

• Arrow functions for concise function syntax

• Template literals for easier string interpolation

• Let and const for block-scoped variables

• Destructuring for easily extracting values from objects and arrays

• Spread and rest operators for easily manipulating arrays and objects

• Classes for object-oriented programming

• Modules for better code organization and reusability

Delegation allows users to assign tasks to others. Gallery controls are used to display images and videos.

• Delegation is a feature that allows users to assign tasks to others, giving them the ability to complete the task on behalf of the original user.

• Gallery controls are used to display images and videos in a visually appealing way, allowing users to easily browse and view content.

• Examples of gallery controls include the Picture Library Slideshow Web Part and the Media Web Pa...read more

Priority Severity defines the importance and impact of a defect on the system.

• Priority is the level of urgency to fix a defect, based on its impact on the system.

• Severity is the level of impact a defect has on the system, based on its functionality.

• Examples: High priority and high severity - system crash, Low priority and high severity - spelling mistake in UI

• Priority and severity can be subjective and vary based on the project and stakeholders.

Screenshots can be taken in Selenium using the TakesScreenshot interface. Frames can be handled using switchTo() method. Core Java is the base language for Selenium.

• To take a screenshot in Selenium, create an object of TakesScreenshot interface and call getScreenshotAs() method

• To handle frames in Selenium, use switchTo() method and pass the frame index, name or WebElement as parameter

• Core Java concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, etc. are important for...read more

CMDs are commands used in Windows Command Prompt to perform various tasks.

• dir - lists all files and folders in the current directory

• cd - changes the current directory

• ipconfig - displays network information

• ping - tests network connectivity

• tasklist - displays a list of running processes

• shutdown - shuts down the computer

• help - displays a list of available commands with brief descriptions

Given an array of integers, return the sum of all even numbers.

• Use Array.reduce() method to iterate over the array and sum the even numbers.

• Use the modulo operator (%) to check if a number is even.

Yes, I can create my own framework. It would have a modular structure with reusable components and clear documentation.

• The framework would have a clear directory structure for easy navigation

• It would have reusable components for common testing tasks such as logging and reporting

• The framework would be modular, allowing for easy addition or removal of components

• Clear documentation would be provided for ease of use and maintenance

Lists are used to store data while libraries are used to store documents.

• Lists are used to store structured data while libraries are used to store unstructured data.

• Lists can have custom columns while libraries have default columns like name, modified date, etc.

• Lists can have workflows while libraries can have versioning and check-in/check-out features.

• Examples of lists include task lists, calendar lists, and contact lists while examples of libraries include document librarie...read more

DORA process is a framework for measuring and improving software delivery performance.

• DORA stands for DevOps Research and Assessment

• It involves collecting data on key performance indicators (KPIs) related to software delivery

• The data is used to assess the organization's performance and identify areas for improvement

• Examples of KPIs include deployment frequency, lead time for changes, and time to restore service

• The process helps organizations optimize their software delivery p...read more

You can read data from Excel using Selenium by using Apache POI library.

• Use Apache POI library to interact with Excel files in Selenium

• Create a FileInputStream object to read the Excel file

• Use WorkbookFactory to create a workbook object from the FileInputStream

• Get the desired sheet from the workbook using getSheet() method

• Iterate through rows and cells to read data from Excel sheet

SharePoint online search uses a search index to retrieve relevant results based on user queries.

• Search index is created by crawling content sources

• Queries can be refined using filters and sorting options

• Search results can include documents, sites, lists, and people

• Search can be customized using search schema and managed properties

Microservices are smaller, independent services that work together, while Monolithic is a single, large application.

• Microservices are smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Monolithic architecture is a single, large application where all components are tightly coupled.

• Microservices promote flexibility, scalability, and fault isolation.

• Monolithic applications are easier to develop but harder to maintain and scale.

• Examples of mic...read more

Our current project framework is based on Selenium WebDriver and TestNG for automated testing of web applications.

• Utilizes Selenium WebDriver for automating web browser interactions

• Uses TestNG for test case management and execution

• Integrates with Jenkins for continuous integration and deployment

Directives in web development are markers on a DOM element that tell AngularJS to attach a specified behavior to that DOM element or even transform the DOM element and its children.

• Directives are used to create reusable components in AngularJS.

• Custom directives can be created by using the 'directive' function in AngularJS.

• Custom directives can be used to add new behavior or functionality to HTML elements.

• Example: Creating a custom directive to show a tooltip on hover.

Automate with one by one array using Selenium code

• Create an array of strings

• Iterate through the array and perform actions on each element

• Use Selenium commands to interact with web elements

Interface defines a contract for classes to implement, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods. Virtual method can be overridden in derived classes.

• Interface only contains method signatures, while abstract class can have method implementations.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Virtual method in C# allows a method in a base class to be overridden in derived classes.

• Virtual methods are used for polymo...read more

The business flow of the project refers to the sequence of steps involved in achieving the project's objectives.

• Identify project objectives

• Define project scope

• Create project plan

• Execute project plan

• Monitor and control project progress

• Close project

SQL query for 2nd highest salary

• Use ORDER BY and LIMIT to get the highest salary

• Use subquery to exclude the highest salary and get the second highest

Java code to find max number from array of strings

• Convert array of strings to array of integers using Integer.parseInt()

• Initialize max variable with Integer.MIN_VALUE

• Iterate through array and update max if current element is greater

• Return max value

Default ads are pre-designed advertisements that are displayed when no other ads are available.

• Default ads are used as a backup when there are no other ads to display.

• They are pre-designed and can be created by the ad network or the website owner.

• Default ads are usually less effective than targeted ads.

• They can be used to promote the website or a specific product or service.

• Default ads can also be used to fill empty ad spaces and prevent blank spaces on the website.

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variables and function declarations are moved to the top of their scope.

• Variables declared with var are hoisted to the top of their scope

• Function declarations are hoisted before variables

• Function expressions are not hoisted

• Let and const declarations are not hoisted

Data can be shared between components in web development using props, state management libraries like Redux, context API, event bus, and local storage.

• Use props to pass data from parent to child components

• Utilize state management libraries like Redux to store and share data across components

• Leverage context API to share data without having to pass props through every level of the component tree

• Implement an event bus to allow communication between components that are not direc...read more

We use a variety of tools and third-party services to enhance our Magento development process.

• We use Git for version control and collaboration.

• We use PhpStorm as our primary IDE.

• We use Jenkins for continuous integration and deployment.

• We use New Relic for performance monitoring and optimization.

• We use Cloudflare for content delivery and security.

• We use Stripe for payment processing.

• We use ShipStation for order fulfillment.

• We use Google Analytics for tracking and analysis.

• We u...read more

Promises are a way to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• Promises represent a value that may not be available yet.

• They have three states: pending, fulfilled, and rejected.

• Promises can be chained using .then() and .catch() methods.

• They help avoid callback hell and make code more readable.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { ... }).then(result => { ... }).catch(error => { ... })

Serverless refers to a cloud computing model where the cloud provider manages the infrastructure and automatically allocates resources as needed.

• Serverless computing allows developers to focus on writing code without worrying about managing servers or infrastructure.

• Resources are dynamically allocated and scaled based on demand, leading to cost efficiency.

• Examples of serverless platforms include AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions.

Tags are labels or keywords that are used to categorize and organize content.

• Tags are commonly used on social media platforms to group posts with similar content.

• They can also be used on websites to help users find related content.

• Tags can be created by users or automatically generated based on the content.

• They are often displayed as clickable links that lead to a list of other content with the same tag.

Lazy loading images can improve performance by only loading images when they are in the viewport.

• Lazy loading images

• Minifying CSS and JavaScript files

• Using a content delivery network (CDN)

• Implementing server-side rendering

• Optimizing images for web

The 7 Ps of Marketing in services industry are Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence.

• Product - the service being offered to customers

• Price - the cost of the service

• Place - the location where the service is provided

• Promotion - marketing and advertising strategies to promote the service

• People - the employees who deliver the service

• Process - the procedures and systems used to deliver the service

• Physical Evidence - tangible elements that represe...read more

Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that allows you to run event-triggered code without managing infrastructure.

• Azure Functions allows you to write small pieces of code that run in response to events.

• It supports multiple programming languages like C#, JavaScript, Python, etc.

• Functions can be triggered by various events like HTTP requests, timers, queues, etc.

• Azure Functions automatically scales based on demand, so you only pay for what you use.

• You can easily integ...read more

Microservices are a software development technique where applications are composed of small, independent services that communicate with each other.

• Microservices break down applications into smaller, loosely coupled services

• Each service is responsible for a specific function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently

• Communication between services is typically done through APIs

• Examples of companies using microservices include Netflix, Amazon, and Uber

The find command in Linux is used to search for files and directories in a specified location.

• The basic syntax of the find command is 'find [path] [expression]'.

• The path specifies the location to search in.

• The expression specifies the criteria for the search.

• Some common expressions include -name, -type, -size, and -mtime.

• Examples: 'find /home/user -name '*.txt'' searches for all files with a .txt extension in the /home/user directory.

• 'find /var/log -type f -size +1M' searches...read more

Grep command is used to search for a specific pattern in a file or multiple files in Linux.

• Syntax: grep [options] pattern [file]

• Options: -i (ignore case), -v (invert match), -c (count matches), -n (show line numbers)

• Example: grep 'error' file.txt

• Example: grep -i 'error' *.log

• Example: grep -c 'error' file.txt

chop and chomp are string manipulation functions in programming languages.

• chop removes the last character from a string

• chomp removes the newline character from the end of a string

• Both functions are commonly used in languages like Perl and Ruby

The process of creating a web page involves planning, designing, coding, testing, and deploying.

• Plan the layout and content of the web page

• Design the visual elements using HTML, CSS, and possibly JavaScript

• Code the web page using the chosen technologies

• Test the web page for functionality and responsiveness

• Deploy the web page to a server for public access

Closure in JavaScript is the combination of a function and the lexical environment within which that function was declared.

• A closure allows a function to access variables from an outer function even after the outer function has finished executing.

• Closures are created every time a function is created, at function declaration time.

• Example: function outerFunction() { let outerVar = 'I am outer'; return function innerFunction() { console.log(outerVar); }; }

• Example: const innerFun...read more

Regression is the process of retesting a software application after changes have been made to ensure that the existing functionalities are not affected.

• Regression testing is done to make sure that new code changes do not adversely impact the existing functionality of the software.

• It involves running previously executed test cases to check if any defects have been introduced due to recent code modifications.

• Regression testing can be automated to save time and effort in retesti...read more