10+ Interview Questions and Answers

A microcontroller board can interface with a sensor by connecting it to the appropriate input/output ports and using the board's built-in functions to read data from the sensor.

• Connect the sensor to the microcontroller board using the appropriate pins or ports.

• Configure the board's input/output ports to communicate with the sensor.

• Use the board's analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert analog sensor readings into digital values.

• Read data from the sensor using the board's...read more

OOPS feature, String Class, Abstract class vs interface, Marker interface

• OOPS feature: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction

• String Class: Represents a sequence of characters, immutable

• Abstract class vs interface: Abstract class can have method implementations, interface cannot

• Marker interface: An interface with no methods, used to mark or tag classes

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Design patterns help in creating flexible, maintainable, and scalable software systems.

• Some common design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy.

• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Observer pattern defines a one-to-many ...read more

Microprocessors and microcontrollers are both integrated circuits used in electronic devices, but they differ in terms of functionality and architecture.

• Microprocessors are general-purpose processors used in computers and other complex systems, while microcontrollers are specialized processors used in embedded systems.

• Microprocessors typically have separate memory and I/O interfaces, while microcontrollers have integrated memory, I/O ports, and peripherals.

• Microprocessors req...read more

Comparator is used to compare two objects for sorting, while Comparable is implemented by a class to define its natural ordering.

• Comparator is used when the class being compared does not implement Comparable interface

• Comparable is implemented by a class to define its natural ordering

• Comparator can be used to sort objects in different ways, not just the natural ordering defined by Comparable

Some strategies to optimize a database query include indexing, using proper data types, limiting the result set, and optimizing joins.

• Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses

• Avoid using SELECT * and only retrieve necessary columns

• Use appropriate data types to minimize storage space and improve query performance

• Limit the result set by using LIMIT or TOP clause

• Optimize joins by using INNER JOIN instead of OUTER JOIN when possible

Session and cookie are used to store data in PHP. Session is stored on the server, while cookie is stored on the client's browser.

• Session data is stored on the server and is accessible across different pages of a website.

• Cookie data is stored on the client's browser and can be accessed by the server on subsequent requests.

• Sessions are more secure as the data is stored on the server and not exposed to the client.

• Cookies can be set with an expiration time, while sessions expire...read more

OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities and encapsulates data and behavior.

• Java is an OOP language with features like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• SQL is not an OOP language but can be used to store and retrieve data from OOP applications.

• HTML and CSS are not programming languages but can be used to create OOP-based web applications.

DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a software that manages and organizes data in a structured manner.

• DBMS is a software that allows users to create, manipulate, and manage databases.

• It provides an interface for users to interact with the database and perform operations like storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data.

• DBMS ensures data integrity, security, and consistency by enforcing rules and constraints.

• It supports multiple users accessing the database s...read more

GET and POST are HTTP methods used to send data to a server in PHP.

• GET method appends data to the URL as query parameters

• POST method sends data in the body of the HTTP request

• GET is less secure as data is visible in the URL

• POST is more secure as data is not visible in the URL

• GET has limitations on the amount of data that can be sent

• POST has no limitations on data size

The program will output a series of strings based on the given conditions in the for loop.

• The for loop will iterate a certain number of times based on the given conditions.

• Each iteration will generate a string output.

• The strings may vary depending on the conditions inside the loop.

The architecture of Oracle database consists of multiple components like instance, memory structures, and physical and logical storage.

• Oracle database architecture includes an instance, which consists of memory structures like SGA and PGA.

• The instance is responsible for managing the database and executing user requests.

• Physical storage in Oracle database is organized into data files, control files, and redo log files.

• Logical storage includes tablespaces, which are divided int...read more

Regression testing is the process of retesting a software application to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality.

• Regression testing is performed to make sure that new code changes do not introduce new bugs or break existing features.

• It involves running previously executed test cases to verify that the software still behaves as expected.

• Regression testing is typically automated to save time and effort.

• It is an essential part of the softw...read more

Dense rank is a ranking function in SQL that assigns a unique rank to each distinct row in a result set.

• Dense rank is used to assign ranks to rows in a result set without any gaps between the ranks.

• It is similar to rank function but does not skip ranks if there are ties.

• For example, if there are two rows with the same value, they will both receive the same rank in dense rank.

Python has dynamic typing, meaning you don't have to declare the data type of a variable before using it.

• Python is dynamically typed, so variables can hold different types of data without explicit declaration.

• Common data types in Python include integers, floats, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets.

• You can use the type() function to check the data type of a variable.

• Example: x = 5 (integer), y = 3.14 (float), z = 'hello' (string)