CommVault Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, Programming and OOPS.

Q1. 
Implement strstr() Function in C Problem Statement
Given two strings A and B, find the index of the first occurrence of A in B. If A is not present in B, return -1.
Example:
Input:
A = "bc", B = "abcdd...read more
Ans. 
Implement the strstr() function in C to find the index of the first occurrence of one string in another.
• Iterate through the main string and check if the substring matches at each position.

• Return the index if a match is found, else return -1.

• Handle edge cases like empty strings or when the substring is longer than the main string.
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Q2. What happens when we try to access a null pointer in C?
Ans. 
Accessing a null pointer in C results in a segmentation fault, as the program tries to access memory at address 0.
• Attempting to dereference a null pointer will result in a segmentation fault, as the program tries to access memory at address 0.

• It is important to always check if a pointer is null before attempting to access its value.

• Example: int *ptr = NULL; printf('%d', *ptr); // This will result in a segmentation faul
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Q3. What are the phases of a compiler?
Ans. 
Phases of a compiler include lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation.
• Lexical analysis: Converts source code into tokens.

• Syntax analysis: Checks the syntax of the code using a grammar.

• Semantic analysis: Checks the meaning of the code.

• Optimization: Improves the code for efficiency.

• Code generation: Generates machine code or intermediate code.
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Q4. What is a system stack?
Ans. 
A system stack is a data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program.
• A system stack typically consists of a stack of frames, each representing a subroutine call.

• The stack grows and shrinks as subroutines are called and returned.

• The top of the stack points to the currently executing subroutine.

• Common operations on a system stack include push (adding a new frame) and pop (removing
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Q5. 
Count Set Bits Problem Statement
Given an integer N, for each integer from 0 through N, find and print the number of set bits (1s) present in its binary representation.
Example:
Input:
N = 5
Output:
...read more
Ans. 
Count the number of set bits in binary representation of integers from 0 to N.
• Iterate through integers from 0 to N and count the number of set bits in their binary representation.

• Use bitwise operations to check if a bit is set in the binary representation.

• Return the count of set bits for each integer in the range.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, Programming and OOPS.

Q1. 
Inorder Traversal of a Binary Tree Without Recursion
You are provided with a binary tree consisting of 'N' nodes, where each node contains an integer value. Your task is to perform the In-Order traversal ...read more
Ans. 
Perform In-Order traversal on a binary tree without recursion.
• Use a stack to simulate the recursive process of In-Order traversal.

• Start with the root node and keep traversing left until reaching a null node, pushing nodes onto the stack.

• Pop nodes from the stack, print the value, and move to the right child if it exists.

• Repeat until the stack is empty and all nodes have been visited.
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Q2. 
Detect Loop in Singly Linked List
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers contains a cycle.
Explanation:
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in ...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a singly linked list has a cycle by using Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm.
• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm to detect a cycle in a singly linked list.

• Maintain two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other.

• If there is a cycle, the two pointers will eventually meet.

• If one of the pointers reaches the end of the list (null), there is no cycle.
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Q3. What is an interrupt?
Ans. 
An interrupt is a signal sent to the CPU to alert it of an event that needs immediate attention.
• Interrupts can be generated by hardware devices or software programs.

• They can be used to handle events such as keyboard input, mouse clicks, or network activity.

• Interrupts can be classified as hardware interrupts, software interrupts, or exceptions.

• Examples of interrupts include the timer interrupt, which is used for multita...read more
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Q4. What is the CSMA protocol?
Ans. 
CSMA stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access. It is a protocol used in network communication to avoid collisions.
• CSMA allows devices to listen to the network before transmitting data to avoid collisions.

• If a device senses that the network is busy, it waits for a random amount of time before attempting to transmit.

• CSMA/CD (Collision Detection) is a variant of CSMA used in Ethernet networks.

• CSMA/CA (Collision Avoidance)
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Typical Managerial round.

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was the first technical round.

Q1. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list of integers, return the head of the reversed linked list.
Example:
Initial linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
Reversed link...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list of integers and return the head of the reversed linked list.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node instead of the next node.

• Keep track of the previous, current, and next nodes while reversing the linked list.

• Update the head of the reversed linked list as the last node encountered during reversal.
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Q2. 
LCA of Binary Tree Problem Statement
You are given a binary tree consisting of distinct integers and two nodes, X and Y. Your task is to find and return the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of these two nodes...read more
Ans. 
Find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of two nodes in a binary tree.
• Traverse the binary tree to find the paths from the root to nodes X and Y.

• Compare the paths to find the last common node, which is the LCA.

• Handle cases where one node is an ancestor of the other.

• Consider edge cases like when X or Y is the root node.

• Implement a recursive or iterative solution to find the LCA efficiently.
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Q3. What is internal fragmentation?
Ans. 
Internal fragmentation occurs when allocated memory is larger than the requested memory, leading to wasted space.
• Internal fragmentation is common in memory management systems.

• It occurs when a block of memory is allocated to a process, but the process does not use all of the allocated memory.

• This results in wasted space within the allocated block.

• For example, if a process requests 100 bytes of memory but is allocated a ...read more
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Q4. Which part of memory stores uninitialized static and global variables?
Ans. 
BSS segment in memory stores uninitialized static and global variables.
• BSS segment stands for 'Block Started by Symbol' and is a section of memory where uninitialized static and global variables are stored.

• Variables declared with the 'static' keyword or as global variables without initialization are stored in the BSS segment.

• For example, int a; or static int b; would be stored in the BSS segment.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions on DSA, OS, OOPS etc.

Q1. 
Integer Square Root Calculation
Given a positive integer 'N', compute its square root and return it. If 'N' is not a perfect square, then return the floor value of sqrt(N).
Example:
Input:
N = 25
N = 20
N...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the square root of a positive integer and return the floor value if not a perfect square.
• Use the sqrt() function to calculate the square root of the given integer.

• If the square root is not an integer, return the floor value using floor() function.

• Handle constraints such as the range of 'N' and the number of test cases.
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Q2. Where does the returned value for the 'main' function go?
Ans. 
The returned value for the 'main' function goes to the operating system.
• The returned value is typically an integer representing the exit status of the program.

• A return value of 0 usually indicates successful execution, while non-zero values indicate errors.

• The operating system can use the return value to determine the success or failure of the program.
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Q3. What is a segmentation fault?
Ans. 
A segmentation fault is a type of error that occurs when a program tries to access a memory location that it is not allowed to access.
• Occurs when a program tries to access memory outside of its allocated space

• Usually caused by bugs in the code such as accessing an uninitialized pointer or writing past the end of an array

• Can lead to program crashes or unexpected behavior

• Example: Accessing an element beyond the bounds of
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical managerial round.

Had a DSA question based on maps, CSS related MCQ and prototype related MCQ

Q1. Solved basic DSA question hashmap
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