300+ Interview Questions and Answers

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be used in a flexible and dynamic way

• It enables the use of a single interface to represent multiple types of objects

• Examples include method overloading, method overriding, and interfaces

• For example, a shape class can have multiple subclasses such as circle, square, and triangle, all of which can b...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class is derived from an existing class.

• Inheritance allows the new class to inherit the properties and methods of the existing class.

• The existing class is called the base class or parent class, while the new class is called the derived class or child class.

• Syntax in Java: class ChildClass extends ParentClass { //class body }

Dependency injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more flexible and testable.

• Dependency injection involves injecting dependencies into a class rather than having the class create them itself.

• This allows for easier testing and swapping out of dependencies.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Example: Instead of creating a database connection within a class, th...read more

app.use and app.run are methods in Express.js framework for middleware and starting the server respectively.

• app.use is used to mount middleware functions in the application's request processing pipeline.

• app.run is used to start the server and listen for incoming requests.

• Middleware functions can be used for tasks such as logging, authentication, and error handling.

• Example: app.use(express.json()) to parse incoming JSON data.

• Example: app.run(3000) to start the server on port 3...read more

The 12 factors approach is a methodology for building modern, scalable, and maintainable microservices.

• Codebase: One codebase tracked in revision control, many deploys

• Dependencies: Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies

• Config: Store config in the environment

• Backing services: Treat backing services as attached resources

• Build, release, run: Strictly separate build and run stages

• Processes: Execute the app as one or more stateless processes

• Port binding: Export services via p...read more

Different authentication methods in REST API

• Basic authentication - uses a username and password for authentication

• Token-based authentication - uses tokens generated by the server for authentication

• OAuth - allows third-party services to exchange user's data without exposing passwords

• API keys - unique identifier used to authenticate requests to the API

IKM stands for Interactive Knowledge Modules. There are two types: Standard and Customized.

• Standard IKMs are pre-built modules that cover a wide range of topics

• Customized IKMs are tailored to specific needs and can include company-specific information

• Examples of customization include adding company branding, modifying content to fit specific workflows, and incorporating company policies and procedures

• Customized IKMs can also include interactive elements such as quizzes and si...read more

Assembly language is not directly used in C#, but can be used for low-level optimization.

• Assembly language can be used to write low-level code that can be called from C#.

• It can also be used for performance optimization in critical sections of code.

• However, it is not commonly used in modern C# development.

• Examples of using assembly language in C# include writing device drivers or interfacing with hardware.

Angular hooks have a life cycle consisting of several phases.

• Angular hooks are functions that allow you to tap into the lifecycle of a component or directive in Angular.

• The lifecycle of an Angular hook consists of several phases, including OnInit, OnDestroy, and ngOnChanges.

• OnInit is called once the component or directive is initialized, while OnDestroy is called when it is destroyed.

• ngOnChanges is called whenever there is a change to the input properties of the component or ...read more

Rxjs is a library for reactive programming using Observables in Angular.

• Rxjs provides a way to handle asynchronous data streams in Angular applications.

• It allows for easy manipulation and transformation of data streams.

• Operators like map, filter, and reduce can be used to modify data streams.

• Rxjs also provides error handling and retry mechanisms for data streams.

• It is an essential part of Angular development and used extensively in Angular applications.

Higher order functions in JavaScript are functions that can take other functions as arguments or return functions as output.

• Higher order functions can be used to create more flexible and reusable code.

• Examples include functions like map, filter, and reduce in JavaScript.

• They allow for functions to be passed as parameters, making code more concise and readable.

Yes, it is a good practice to declare lambda expressions.

• Declaring lambda expressions makes the code more readable and maintainable.

• It also helps in debugging and error handling.

• Declaring lambda expressions also allows for better type inference and reduces the risk of errors.

• For example, instead of writing (x, y) -> x + y, we can declare it as BinaryOperator add = (x, y) -> x + y;

The flight booking system is a low level design that allows users to search, book, and manage flights.

• Design a database schema to store flight details, user information, and booking records

• Implement a search functionality to allow users to find available flights based on criteria such as date, destination, and number of passengers

• Develop a booking feature that allows users to reserve seats on selected flights

• Include a payment gateway integration to handle secure transactions

• D...read more

My strength as a Scrum Master is my ability to facilitate effective communication and collaboration within the team. My weakness is my tendency to take on too much responsibility.

• Strength: Facilitating effective communication and collaboration within the team

• Strength: Ability to identify and remove impediments to progress

• Weakness: Tendency to take on too much responsibility and not delegate effectively

• Weakness: Need to improve my technical knowledge to better understand the t...read more

OData is a standardized protocol for creating and consuming RESTful APIs.

• OData allows for querying data using a uniform URL syntax.

• It supports CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on data resources.

• In .NET Core Web API, OData can be implemented using the Microsoft.AspNetCore.OData package.

• Controllers can be decorated with [ODataRoutePrefix] and [ODataRoute] attributes to define OData endpoints.

• Example: [HttpGet("odata/Products")]

Python class lifestyle methods are special methods that are automatically called at different points in the life cycle of a class object.

• Constructor method (__init__): Called when a new instance of the class is created.

• Destructor method (__del__): Called when an instance of the class is about to be destroyed.

• String representation method (__str__): Called when the object needs to be represented as a string.

• Getter and setter methods: Used to get and set the values of class attr...read more

Microservices can communicate with each other through synchronous HTTP calls, asynchronous messaging, or using a message broker.

• Synchronous communication: Microservices can communicate directly through HTTP requests, such as REST APIs.

• Asynchronous communication: Microservices can use messaging protocols like RabbitMQ or Kafka to send and receive messages.

• Message broker: Microservices can communicate through a message broker like Apache Kafka, which acts as an intermediary for...read more

Linked is a data structure that stores elements in a linear sequence and maintains a link between them.

• There are two types of linked lists: singly linked list and doubly linked list.

• In a singly linked list, each element has a link to the next element.

• In a doubly linked list, each element has a link to both the next and previous elements.

• Linked lists are commonly used in computer science for implementing dynamic data structures.

• Examples of linked list applications include hash...read more

1. Balanced parenthesis program - check if a string of parentheses is balanced. 2. Find no of occurrence of each character in a string.

• For balanced parenthesis program, use a stack to keep track of opening and closing parentheses.

• For finding occurrence of each character in a string, use a HashMap to store character counts.

• Example for balanced parenthesis program: Input: "((()))", Output: true

• Example for finding occurrence of each character: Input: "hello", Output: {h=1, e=1, ...read more

HTTP methods in API include post, put, patch, and error codes for handling requests and responses.

• POST method is used to create a new resource on the server

• PUT method is used to update an existing resource on the server

• PATCH method is used to partially update an existing resource on the server

• Error codes such as 400 for Bad Request, 404 for Not Found, and 500 for Internal Server Error are used to indicate the status of the request

AWS EC2 model deployment involves creating an instance, installing necessary software, and deploying the model.

• Create an EC2 instance with the desired specifications

• Install necessary software and dependencies on the instance

• Upload the model and any required data to the instance

• Deploy the model using a web server or API

• Monitor the instance and model performance for optimization

To find the 10th highest salary for a given employee class.

• Sort the salaries in descending order for the specific employee class.

• Skip duplicates and find the 10th unique salary.

• Return the 10th salary as the 10th Max. Salary.

Yes, I have knowledge about databases.

• I am familiar with relational databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle.

• I have experience with NoSQL databases such as MongoDB and Cassandra.

• I understand database design principles, normalization, and indexing.

• I have worked with SQL queries, stored procedures, and triggers.

• I am proficient in database management and optimization.

Abstract class can have implementation while interface only has method signatures.

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have non-public members while interface only has public members.

• Abstract class is used for creating a base class while interface is used for implementing a contract.

• Example of abstract class: Animal with abstract method 'makeSound'....read more

Spring components are reusable software modules that provide functionality to Spring applications.

• Spring components are Java classes that are managed by the Spring IoC container.

• They provide functionality such as data access, security, and web services.

• Examples include @Controller, @Service, @Repository, and @Component annotations.

• Spring components can be easily configured and wired together using dependency injection.

• They promote modularity, reusability, and testability in S...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class is derived from an existing class. Abstraction is a process of hiding implementation details.

• Inheritance allows a subclass to inherit properties and methods of a superclass.

• Abstraction allows a class to provide only essential features and hide the implementation details.

• Inheritance is a 'is-a' relationship while abstraction is a 'has-a' relationship.

• Inheritance can lead to tight coupling while abstraction promotes loose coupling.

• Ex...read more

Data structures are ways of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and used efficiently.

• Data structures are used to manage large amounts of data efficiently.

• They provide a way to store and organize data in a way that makes it easy to access and manipulate.

• Examples of data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs.

• Algorithms are a set of instructions that are used to solve a particular problem.

• They are often used i...read more

The Observer pattern is used in SpringBoot for implementing event handling and notification mechanisms.

• The Observer pattern is commonly used in SpringBoot for implementing event listeners and publishers.

• It allows objects to subscribe to and receive notifications about changes or events in other objects.

• Spring's ApplicationEvent and ApplicationListener interfaces are examples of the Observer pattern in action.

• Listeners can be registered with the ApplicationEventPublisher to re...read more

Error handling in our project is implemented using try-catch blocks and custom exception classes.

• We use try-catch blocks to catch exceptions and handle them appropriately.

• We have custom exception classes for specific types of errors to provide more detailed information.

• We log errors to a centralized logging system for monitoring and troubleshooting.

• We have defined error codes and messages for easier identification and resolution of issues.

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM.

• React allows developers to create reusable UI components

• Virtual DOM is a faster way to update the UI compared to traditional DOM manipulation

• React uses the virtual DOM to efficiently update the actual DOM

• Virtual DOM is a tree-like structure that represents the UI components

• React compares the previous and current virtual DOM to determine the changes and updates the a...read more

Wait is a command used in programming to pause the execution of a program for a specified amount of time.

• Wait is used to synchronize the execution of a program with external events or to simulate a delay in the program.

• It is commonly used in automated testing to wait for a specific element to appear on a webpage before proceeding with the test.

• Wait can be implemented using built-in functions or libraries in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#.

• The amount of time...read more

Hashcode method returns a unique integer value for an object

• Used for efficient storage and retrieval of objects in hash-based data structures

• Implemented in Java using hashCode() method

• Should be overridden in classes that override equals() method

• Example: String class in Java overrides hashCode() method to return a unique integer value for each string

SOLID Principles are a set of five design principles for writing clean, maintainable, and scalable code. Monolith is a single, self-contained application, while microservices is an architecture style where an application is composed of small, independent services. Spring Boot is a Java-based framework used for creating standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications. Java Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements in a functional style.

• SOLID Principles: S...read more

POJO stands for Plain Old Java Object. It is a simple Java class that has private fields and public getters and setters.

• POJO is used to represent data in a structured format

• It is commonly used in API development to transfer data between client and server

• POJO classes do not have any business logic or annotations

• Example: Employee POJO class with private fields like name, age, and public getters and setters

• POJO classes are easy to read, write, and maintain

A factless fact is a fact table that does not have any measures or quantitative data associated with it.

• Factless facts are used to represent events or relationships between dimensions without numerical data.

• They are commonly used in data modeling to track occurrences or relationships.

• Examples include a table tracking student enrollment in courses without any specific metrics, or a table tracking customer purchases without quantities or prices.

BDD cucumber code for login to an application

• Create a feature file with scenario outline for login

• Write step definitions for each step in the scenario outline

• Use page object model to interact with login page elements

• Use Given-When-Then format for each step

• Example: Given user is on login page, When user enters valid credentials, Then user should be logged in

Bangalore traffic is notorious for its congestion, chaotic driving, and unpredictable delays.

• Traffic jams are a common occurrence, especially during peak hours.

• Roads are often filled with vehicles of all sizes, from cars and motorcycles to buses and trucks.

• Lane discipline is lacking, with vehicles frequently changing lanes without signaling.

• Traffic signals are often ignored, leading to gridlocks at intersections.

• Public transportation options like buses and metro trains also c...read more

DOD stands for Definition of Done and DOR stands for Definition of Ready.

• DOD defines the criteria that a product increment must meet in order to be considered complete.

• DOR defines the criteria that a product backlog item must meet before it can be worked on.

• DOD is usually agreed upon by the Scrum Team during Sprint Planning.

• DOR helps ensure that the team is ready to start work on a backlog item.

• Examples: DOD may include code review, testing, and documentation. DOR may include...read more

Sprint planning meeting involves the Scrum team determining what work can be completed in the upcoming sprint.

• Discussing the sprint goal and scope

• Reviewing and selecting user stories from the product backlog

• Breaking down user stories into tasks

• Estimating the effort required for each task

• Creating a sprint backlog

• Setting the sprint goal and defining the definition of done

Gradient boosted trees improve decision trees by combining multiple weak learners to create a strong learner.

• Gradient boosted trees build trees sequentially, with each tree correcting errors made by the previous one

• They use gradient descent to minimize the loss function, leading to better overall performance

• By combining multiple trees, gradient boosted trees reduce overfitting and improve accuracy

• Example: XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost are popular implementations of gradient...read more

I possess technical skills in various areas including cloud computing.

• Proficient in AWS and Azure cloud platforms

• Experience in designing and implementing cloud-based solutions

• Knowledge of cloud security and compliance

• Familiarity with cloud migration and optimization

• Ability to manage cloud infrastructure and resources

Swapping two numbers without using a third variable in code

• Use bitwise XOR operation to swap two numbers without using a third variable

• Example: a = 5, b = 7; a = a ^ b; b = a ^ b; a = a ^ b; // Now a = 7, b = 5

No, a class cannot be an interface in programming.

• A class is a blueprint for objects, while an interface is a contract for classes to implement certain methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces, but it cannot extend multiple classes.

• Interfaces cannot have constructors or instance variables, while classes can have both.

An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

• An OS controls the allocation of resources like memory, CPU time, and disk space.

• It provides a user interface to interact with the computer.

• Examples of OS are Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.

• The OS kernel is the core component of an OS that manages hardware resources.

• The OS also provides security features like user authentication and a...read more

There are 7 layers in the OSI model. Layer names are Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• The OSI model has 7 layers.

• The layers are Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has a specific function and communicates with adjacent layers.

• The layers are organized in a hierarchical manner.

• Examples of protocols at each layer include Ethernet at the Data Link layer and HTTP at the Applicatio...read more

Hash map is a data structure that maps keys to values using a hash function.

• Hash map uses a hash function to compute an index into an array of buckets or slots.

• The key is hashed and the resulting hash code is used to locate the value in the hash table.

• Collisions occur when two keys hash to the same index, which is resolved using separate chaining or open addressing.

• Hash maps have O(1) average time complexity for insertion, deletion, and retrieval.

• Examples of hash maps include...read more

Breaking down the monolith into smaller, independent services.

• Identify the bounded contexts and business capabilities of the application.

• Decide on the granularity of the services.

• Design the APIs and communication protocols between the services.

• Implement the services and deploy them independently.

• Monitor and manage the services using appropriate tools.

• Gradually decompose the monolith into smaller services.

• Ensure data consistency and integrity across services.

• Consider using con...read more

The ceremonies in Scrum are Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective.

• Sprint Planning involves the team planning the work to be done in the upcoming sprint.

• Daily Standup is a short daily meeting where team members discuss what they did yesterday, what they are doing today, and any blockers.

• Sprint Review is a meeting at the end of the sprint where the team demonstrates the work completed.

• Sprint Retrospective is a meeting at the end of the sprint where...read more

The three pillars of Scrum are transparency, inspection, and adaptation.

• Transparency: All aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome.

• Inspection: Scrum artifacts and progress must be inspected frequently to detect variances.

• Adaptation: If an inspection reveals that one or more aspects of the process deviate outside acceptable limits, adjustments must be made.

A prime number is a number that is only divisible by 1 and itself.

• Start by checking if the number is less than 2, as prime numbers start from 2.

• Use a loop to check if the number is divisible by any number from 2 to the square root of the number.

• If the number is divisible by any of these numbers, it is not prime.

• If the number is not divisible by any of these numbers, it is prime.

Overriding Equals method helps to compare objects based on their values rather than their references.

• Default implementation of Equals method compares object references

• Overriding Equals method allows custom comparison based on object values

• Helps in implementing value equality for custom classes

• Used in collections like HashSet to check for duplicates

Object-Oriented Programming concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (class). Example: private variables in a class.

• Inheritance: creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods. Example: a subclass of a vehicle class inheriting its speed and fuel capacity.

• Polymorphism: the ability of objects to take on different forms or behaviors. Exam...read more

Some common tools for project management include Jira, Trello, Asana, and Microsoft Project.

• Jira - popular tool for agile project management, allows for tracking tasks, sprints, and user stories

• Trello - visual project management tool using boards and cards to organize tasks

• Asana - task management tool with features for team collaboration and project tracking

• Microsoft Project - comprehensive project management software for planning, scheduling, and resource management

Rank assigns unique rank to each row, Dense Rank assigns consecutive rank without gaps.

• Rank leaves gaps in rank sequence if there are ties, Dense Rank does not

• Rank assigns unique rank to each row, Dense Rank assigns consecutive rank without gaps

• Example: Rank - 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, Dense Rank - 1, 2, 3, 4, 4

Inheritance is a mechanism in Java where a class acquires the properties and methods of another class.

• A subclass can inherit properties and methods from a superclass

• The keyword 'extends' is used to create a subclass

• A subclass can override methods of the superclass

• Java does not support multiple inheritance, but it can be achieved through interfaces

Oops concepts are used in the framework for better code organization, reusability, and maintainability.

• Encapsulation: Used to hide the internal state of objects and restrict access to it.

• Inheritance: Helps in code reusability by allowing a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism: Enables objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, allowing for flexibility in method implementation.

• Abstraction: Focuses on the essential features of a...read more

Java program to reverse words in a given sentence.

• Split the sentence into words using split() method

• Reverse the array of words

• Join the reversed words back into a sentence

Jenkins is an open-source automation server that helps to automate the software development process.

• Jenkins is used for continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.

• It can be used to build, test, and deploy software automatically.

• Jenkins supports a wide range of plugins and integrations with other tools.

• It provides a web-based interface for managing and monitoring the CI/CD pipelines.

• Jenkins can be configured to trigger builds automatically when...read more

Programming language is a set of instructions used to create software. OOPs is a programming paradigm based on objects.

• Programming language is used to write code that a computer can understand and execute.

• OOPs is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions.

• OOPs concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Examples of programming languages include Java, Python, and C++.

A bandpass filter is a type of electronic filter that allows a specific range of frequencies to pass through while blocking others.

• It is used to separate a specific frequency range from a signal.

• It consists of a combination of low-pass and high-pass filters.

• It is commonly used in audio and radio frequency applications.

• Examples include tuning circuits in radios and audio equalizers.

• Bandwidth and center frequency are important parameters for bandpass filters.

Cutoff frequency is the frequency at which a filter attenuates a signal by half its power.

• Cutoff frequency is a characteristic of filters used in signal processing.

• It is the frequency at which the filter starts to attenuate the signal.

• For low-pass filters, frequencies below the cutoff frequency are passed through, while frequencies above are attenuated.

• For high-pass filters, frequencies above the cutoff frequency are passed through, while frequencies below are attenuated.

• Cuto...read more

Time box events are fixed length meetings in Scrum. SM ensures they are conducted effectively. Certification is available for SMs.

• Time box events include Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective

• SM ensures that these events are conducted within the time box and that the team follows the Scrum framework

• Certification for SMs is available through Scrum Alliance or Scrum.org

Lazy loading of beans in Spring Boot allows beans to be loaded only when they are needed, improving performance.

• Lazy loading can be achieved by using @Lazy annotation on bean definitions

• Lazy loading can also be configured in application.properties using spring.main.lazy-initialization=true

• Lazy loading is useful for optimizing application startup time and memory usage

Python code to remove duplicates from list of strings

• Use set() to remove duplicates from the list

• Convert the set back to a list to maintain the order of strings

• Example: input_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple', 'orange']

• Output: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']

To run a feature file, use a test automation tool like Cucumber or SpecFlow.

• Use a test automation tool like Cucumber or SpecFlow to run feature files

• Create a test runner class or configuration file to specify which feature file to run

• Execute the test runner class or configuration file to run the feature file

• Check the test results to see if the feature file ran successfully

The approach for project deliverables involves setting clear goals, creating a timeline, assigning tasks, monitoring progress, and ensuring quality.

• Set clear goals and objectives for the project

• Create a detailed timeline with milestones and deadlines

• Assign tasks to team members based on their skills and expertise

• Monitor progress regularly to identify any issues or delays

• Ensure quality by conducting regular reviews and testing

• Communicate effectively with team members and stake...read more

Create a component to fetch and display data from an API

• Use a library like Axios or Fetch to make API requests

• Parse the JSON data received from the API

• Display the data in a user-friendly format on the front end

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class.

• There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding).

• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides...read more

The release plan is a subset of the project plan that outlines the specific features or deliverables to be released at each stage of the project.

• The release plan is developed based on the overall project plan, taking into account the project timeline, resources, and dependencies.

• It includes details such as the scope of each release, the timeline for each release, and the resources required for each release.

• The release plan is typically updated throughout the project as new in...read more

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• There are four main pillars of OOPs: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance is the process of creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods.

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It...read more

I perform Business Analysis by gathering requirements, analyzing data, identifying solutions, and communicating with stakeholders.

• Gather requirements from stakeholders through interviews and workshops

• Analyze data to identify trends and patterns

• Identify potential solutions to address business needs

• Communicate findings and recommendations to stakeholders

• Create documentation such as business requirements documents and process flows

Custom hook to fetch data in React

• Create a custom hook using the 'useEffect' and 'useState' hooks

• Use 'fetch' or any other method to fetch data from an API

• Return the fetched data from the custom hook

Exception handling is the process of handling errors that occur during program execution. Garbage collector is a program that automatically frees up memory space.

• Exception handling is used to prevent program crashes due to errors.

• It involves catching and handling errors using try-catch blocks.

• Garbage collector is used to automatically free up memory space that is no longer being used by the program.

• It helps prevent memory leaks and improves program performance.

• Examples of pro...read more

Yes, I have experience in configuring and managing HP Aruba Switches.

• I have worked with HP Aruba Switches for over 2 years

• I have configured VLANs, port security, and QoS on these switches

• I have also troubleshooted and resolved network issues on these switches

• I am familiar with the CLI and GUI interfaces of HP Aruba Switches

Overloading is the ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overloading allows for more flexibility in method naming and improves code readability.

• Examples include defining multiple constructors for a class with different parameter lists or defining a method that can accept different data types as input.

• Overloading is resolved at compile-time based on the number and types of arguments passed to the method.

• Overloading is different from ove...read more

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Interfaces are contracts that define the methods that a class must implement.

• Abstract classes can have constructors while interfaces cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

• Abstract classes can have instance variables while interfaces cannot

• Interfaces can have default methods while abstract classes cannot

• Abstract cla...read more

My framework is a data-driven framework that uses Selenium for automation testing.

• Data-driven framework using Selenium

• Modular approach for easy maintenance

• Integration with CI/CD tools like Jenkins

• Supports parallel execution for faster testing

• Object-oriented programming for reusability

Azure function is a serverless compute service that allows you to run code without managing infrastructure.

• Azure function is event-driven and can be triggered by various events like HTTP requests, timers, or messages from other Azure services.

• It supports multiple programming languages like C#, Java, Python, and Node.js.

• Azure functions can be used for tasks like data processing, file manipulation, or integrating with other services.

• They are cost-effective as you only pay for t...read more

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components.

• Middleware helps in communication between different software components

• It can be used to handle requests, responses, and data transformation

• Middleware can be declared in the configuration files of the software

Java program to mask a given string with '*' from specified index

• Use StringBuilder to modify the string

• Iterate through the characters starting from the specified index and replace them with '*'

Tree traversal is the process of visiting each node in a tree data structure exactly once.

• There are three types of tree traversal: Inorder, Preorder, and Postorder.

• Inorder traversal visits the left subtree, then the root, then the right subtree.

• Preorder traversal visits the root, then the left subtree, then the right subtree.

• Postorder traversal visits the left subtree, then the right subtree, then the root.

• Examples: Inorder: (1) Traverse left subtree (2) Visit root (3) Traver...read more

Throw and throws are keywords in Java used for exception handling. Throw is used to throw an exception while throws is used to declare an exception.

• Throw is used to explicitly throw an exception in a method.

• Throws is used to declare the exceptions that a method may throw.

• Throw is followed by an instance of an exception class.

• Throws is followed by the name of the exception class or classes separated by commas.

• Throw is used within a method while throws is used in the method sig...read more

OOPs concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles such as Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.

SQL query optimization involves improving the performance of SQL queries by reducing execution time and resource usage.

• Use indexes to speed up query execution

• Avoid using SELECT * and instead specify only required columns

• Use JOINs instead of subqueries

• Avoid using functions in WHERE clauses

• Use parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks

VCS stands for Version Control System, a tool used to track changes in code and collaborate with other developers.

• VCS helps developers track changes in code over time

• It allows multiple developers to work on the same codebase without conflicts

• Common VCS tools include Git, SVN, and Mercurial

A hub is a simple device that connects multiple devices in a network. A switch is a more advanced device that directs data to specific devices. A router connects multiple networks and directs data between them.

• A hub operates at the physical layer of the OSI model, while a switch operates at the data link layer.

• A hub broadcasts data to all devices connected to it, while a switch sends data only to the device it is intended for.

• A router uses IP addresses to direct data between ...read more

Quick sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that sorts an array by selecting a 'pivot' element and partitioning the other elements into two sub-arrays according to whether they are less than or greater than the pivot.

• Select a pivot element from the array.

• Partition the array into two sub-arrays: elements less than the pivot and elements greater than the pivot.

• Recursively apply the above steps to the sub-arrays.

• Combine the sorted sub-arrays to get the final sorted array.

Code to print top two highest numbers from an array

• Sort the array in descending order

• Print the first two elements of the sorted array

OS stands for Operating System. It is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

• OS is the interface between the user and the computer hardware.

• It manages memory, processes, and input/output devices.

• Examples of OS include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

• Types of OS include single-user, multi-user, real-time, and embedded.

• OS can be classified based on their architecture, such as 32-bit or 64-bit.

• OS can also be classified based on their purpose, such as...read more

Procedures and functions are blocks of code that can be called upon to perform specific tasks.

• Procedures are a set of instructions that perform a specific task and do not return a value.

• Functions are similar to procedures but return a value.

• Both procedures and functions can take parameters as inputs.

• Procedures and functions can be defined and called in various programming languages such as Python, Java, and C++.

I handle application slowness by identifying the root cause through node classification and implementing performance optimizations.

• Identify the specific node or component causing the slowness

• Analyze the performance metrics of the node to pinpoint bottlenecks

• Implement optimizations such as code refactoring, database tuning, or resource allocation adjustments

• Monitor the application post-optimization to ensure improvements