Axiphyl Data Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Scenario based questions on Azure data factory and pipelines
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Q2. Optimisation technic to improve the performance of databricks
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Q3. What is Autoloader
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Q4. What is unity catalog
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Q5. How you do the alerting mechanism in adf for failed pipelines
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Q1. Sql constrainsts, star schema, dml dcl commands
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Q2. About cureent project and responsibilities
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Q1. Current projects and resposibilities
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Q2. Where vs having, reason for job change
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Q1. How do you optimize SQL queries?
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Optimizing SQL queries involves using indexes, avoiding unnecessary joins, and optimizing the query structure.
• Use indexes on columns frequently used in WHERE clauses

• Avoid using SELECT * and only retrieve necessary columns

• Optimize joins by using INNER JOIN instead of OUTER JOIN when possible

• Use EXPLAIN to analyze query performance and make necessary adjustments
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Q2. How do you do performance optimization in Spark. Tell how you did it in you project.
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Performance optimization in Spark involves tuning configurations, optimizing code, and utilizing caching.
• Tune Spark configurations such as executor memory, number of executors, and shuffle partitions.

• Optimize code by reducing unnecessary shuffles, using efficient transformations, and avoiding unnecessary data movements.

• Utilize caching to store intermediate results in memory and avoid recomputation.

• Example: In my projec...read more
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Q3. What is SparkContext and SparkSession?
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SparkContext is the main entry point for Spark functionality, while SparkSession is the entry point for Spark SQL.
• SparkContext is the entry point for low-level API functionality in Spark.

• SparkSession is the entry point for Spark SQL functionality.

• SparkContext is used to create RDDs (Resilient Distributed Datasets) in Spark.

• SparkSession provides a unified entry point for reading data from various sources and performing
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Q4. When a spark job is submitted, what happens at backend. Explain the flow.
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When a spark job is submitted, various steps are executed at the backend to process the job.
• The job is submitted to the Spark driver program.

• The driver program communicates with the cluster manager to request resources.

• The cluster manager allocates resources (CPU, memory) to the job.

• The driver program creates DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) of the job stages and tasks.

• Tasks are then scheduled and executed on worker nodes ...read more
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Q5. Calculate second highest salary using SQL as well as pyspark.
Ans. 
Calculate second highest salary using SQL and pyspark
• Use SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to get the second highest salary

• In pyspark, use orderBy() and take() functions to achieve the same result
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Q6. 2 types of modes for Spark architecture ?
Ans. 
The two types of modes for Spark architecture are standalone mode and cluster mode.
• Standalone mode: Spark runs on a single machine with a single JVM and is suitable for development and testing.

• Cluster mode: Spark runs on a cluster of machines managed by a cluster manager like YARN or Mesos for production workloads.
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Q7. If you want very less latency - which is better standalone or client mode?
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Client mode is better for very less latency due to direct communication with the cluster.
• Client mode allows direct communication with the cluster, reducing latency.

• Standalone mode requires an additional layer of communication, increasing latency.

• Client mode is preferred for real-time applications where low latency is crucial.
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Q1. Scenario based. Write SQL and pyspark code for a dataset.
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Q2. If you have to find latest record based on latest timestamp in a table for a particular customer(table is having history) , how will you do it. Self join and nested query will be expensive. Optimized query...read more
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Q1. What are different type of joins available in Databricks?
Ans. 
Different types of joins available in Databricks include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and cross join.
• Inner join: Returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables.

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in either table.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows ...read more
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Q2. How do you make your data pipeline fault tolerant?
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Implementing fault tolerance in a data pipeline involves redundancy, monitoring, and error handling.
• Use redundant components to ensure continuous data flow

• Implement monitoring tools to detect failures and bottlenecks

• Set up automated alerts for immediate response to issues

• Design error handling mechanisms to gracefully handle failures

• Use checkpoints and retries to ensure data integrity
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Q3. What is AutoLoader?
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AutoLoader is a feature in data engineering that automatically loads data from various sources into a data warehouse or database.
• Automates the process of loading data from different sources

• Reduces manual effort and human error

• Can be scheduled to run at specific intervals

• Examples: Apache Nifi, AWS Glue
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Q1. How do you connect to different services in Azure?
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To connect to different services in Azure, you can use Azure SDKs, REST APIs, Azure Portal, Azure CLI, and Azure PowerShell.
• Use Azure SDKs for programming languages like Python, Java, C#, etc.

• Utilize REST APIs to interact with Azure services programmatically.

• Access and manage services through the Azure Portal.

• Leverage Azure CLI for command-line interface interactions.

• Automate tasks using Azure PowerShell scripts.
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Q2. What are linked Services?
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Linked Services are connections to external data sources or destinations in Azure Data Factory.
• Linked Services define the connection information needed to connect to external data sources or destinations.

• They can be used in Data Factory pipelines to read from or write to external systems.

• Examples of Linked Services include Azure Blob Storage, Azure SQL Database, and Amazon S3.
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Q1. Sql commands group by and order by
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Q1. Cicd pipeline and kafka
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Q1. Reparitition and pipelines
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Q1. Joins operations
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Q1. Explain adf questions in detail
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ADF questions refer to Azure Data Factory questions which are related to data integration and data transformation processes.
• ADF questions are related to Azure Data Factory, a cloud-based data integration service.

• These questions may involve data pipelines, data flows, activities, triggers, and data movement.

• Candidates may be asked about their experience with designing, monitoring, and managing data pipelines in ADF.

• Exam...read more
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Q2. Project related questions
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Q1. Project data related questions
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Q2. Databricks and SQL interview questions
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Oops dsa sql network

Q1. Dsa based python question
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Q2. Dsa based python question on tress
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Q1. Sql question queries
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Q2. Sql question query
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Q1. What are the optimization techniques used in Apache Spark?
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Q2. 2 SQL queries , 1 PySpark code and 1 Python Code .
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Q3. 2-3 Scenario Based questions from ADF and databricks .
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