Anakin Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Explain the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList in Java. ArrayList is implemented as a dynamic array, while LinkedList is a doubly linked list. ArrayList provides fast random access (O(1) complexit...read more
Ans. 
ArrayList is preferred for frequent retrieval operations due to fast random access, while LinkedList is suitable for frequent insertions/deletions.
• Use ArrayList when frequent retrieval operations are required, such as searching for specific elements in a list.

• Choose LinkedList when frequent insertions/deletions are needed, like maintaining a queue or stack.

• Consider memory overhead and performance trade-offs when decidi...read more
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Q2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Java’s synchronized keyword for thread synchronization? The synchronized keyword ensures that only one thread can access a block of code at a time. It pre...read more
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ReentrantLock should be used instead of synchronized when more flexibility and control over locking mechanisms is needed.
• Use ReentrantLock when you need to implement advanced locking mechanisms such as tryLock() or lockInterruptibly().

• ReentrantLock is preferred when you require a fair locking policy to prevent thread starvation.

• Consider using ReentrantLock when you need to handle situations where explicit unlocking is
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Q3. What is the difference between == and .equals() in Java? == checks for reference equality, meaning it compares memory addresses. equals() checks for value equality, which can be overridden in user-defined ...read more
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In Java, == checks for reference equality while equals() checks for value equality. Misuse of == can lead to logical errors.
• Override equals() when you want to compare objects based on their values rather than memory addresses

• Override hashCode() method alongside equals() to ensure consistent behavior in collections like HashMap

• Consider implementing Comparable interface for natural ordering of objects
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Q4. How does the Java garbage collector work? Garbage collection in Java automatically reclaims memory occupied by unused objects. The JVM has different types of GC algorithms, including Serial, Parallel, CMS,...read more
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Garbage collection in Java automatically reclaims memory occupied by unused objects using different algorithms and memory regions.
• Java garbage collector automatically reclaims memory from unused objects

• Different types of GC algorithms in JVM: Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1 GC

• Objects managed in Young Generation, Old Generation, PermGen/Metaspace

• Minor GC cleans up short-lived objects in Young Generation

• Major GC (Full GC) recl...read more
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Q5. What are the main features of Java 8? Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, enabling functional-style programming. The Stream API allows efficient data processing with map, filter, and reduce operations. D...read more
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Lambda expressions in Java 8 improve readability and maintainability by allowing concise and functional-style programming.
• Lambda expressions reduce boilerplate code by providing a more concise syntax for implementing functional interfaces.

• They make code more readable by allowing developers to express actions in a more declarative way.

• Lambda expressions enable the use of functional programming concepts like map, filter,...read more
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Q6. Describe the differences between checked and unchecked exceptions in Java. Checked exceptions must be handled using try-catch or declared with throws. Unchecked exceptions (RuntimeException and its subclas...read more
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Checked exceptions must be handled explicitly, while unchecked exceptions do not require explicit handling.
• Use custom exceptions when you want to create your own exception types to handle specific scenarios.

• Custom exceptions can be either checked or unchecked, depending on whether you want to enforce handling or not.

• For example, a custom InvalidInputException can be a checked exception if you want to ensure it is caugh...read more
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Q7. What is the Java Memory Model, and how does it affect multithreading and synchronization? The Java Memory Model (JMM) defines how threads interact with shared memory. It ensures visibility and ordering of ...read more
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The Java Memory Model defines how threads interact with shared memory, ensuring visibility and ordering of variable updates in a concurrent environment.
• Volatile ensures changes to a variable are always visible to all threads.

• Synchronized provides mutual exclusion and visibility guarantees.

• Reordering optimizations by the compiler or CPU can lead to unexpected behavior.

• Using thread-safe classes like ConcurrentHashMap avo...read more
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Q8. Can you explain the difference between method overloading and method overriding in Java? Method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. It occurs within the same cl...read more
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Method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters, while method overriding allows a subclass to provide a different implementation of a parent method.
• Overloading is used to provide multiple methods with the same name but different parameters within the same class.

• Overriding is used to provide a different implementation of a parent method in a subclass.

• Overloaded methods are resolved...read more
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Q9. What are functional interfaces in Java, and how do they work with lambda expressions? A functional interface is an interface with exactly one abstract method. Examples include Runnable, Callable, Predicate...read more
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Functional interfaces in Java have exactly one abstract method and work with lambda expressions for concise implementation.
• Functional interfaces have exactly one abstract method, making them suitable for lambda expressions.

• Examples of functional interfaces in Java include Runnable, Callable, Predicate, and Function.

• Default methods in interfaces allow for evolving APIs without breaking backward compatibility.

• Method refe...read more
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Q10. What is a Java Stream, and how does it differ from an Iterator? Streams enable functional-style operations on collections with lazy evaluation. Unlike Iterators, Streams support declarative operations lik...read more
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Java Streams enable functional-style operations on collections with lazy evaluation, unlike Iterators.
• Parallel streams can improve performance by utilizing multiple threads, but may introduce overhead due to thread synchronization.

• Care must be taken to ensure thread safety when using parallel streams in a multi-threaded environment.

• Parallel streams are suitable for operations that can be easily parallelized, such as ma...read more
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Q11. Explain the concept of immutability in Java and its advantages. An immutable object cannot be changed after it is created. The String class is immutable, meaning modifications create new objects. Immutabl...read more
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Immutability in Java refers to objects that cannot be changed after creation, leading to thread safety and prevention of unintended side effects.
• Immutable objects cannot be modified after creation, promoting thread safety and preventing unintended side effects.

• String class in Java is immutable, creating new objects for modifications.

• To create an immutable class, use final fields and avoid setters.

• Collections can be mad...read more
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Q12. What is the difference between final, finally, and finalize in Java? final is a keyword used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, or inheritance. finally is a block that executes after a try-c...read more
Ans. 
final is for constants, finally for cleanup after try-catch, finalize() for garbage collection. Use try-with-resources for resource management.
• final - declare constants, prevent method overriding, or inheritance

• finally - block after try-catch for cleanup actions

• finalize() - method called by garbage collector before object deletion

• Use try-with-resources for resource management instead of finalize()
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Q13. Explain the Singleton design pattern in Java. Singleton ensures that only one instance of a class exists in the JVM. It is useful for managing shared resources like database connections. A simple implemen...read more
Ans. 
Singleton design pattern ensures only one instance of a class exists in the JVM, useful for managing shared resources like database connections.
• Avoid using Singleton when multiple instances of a class are required.

• Avoid Singleton for classes that are not thread-safe.

• Avoid Singleton for classes that need to be easily mockable in unit tests.
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Q14. What are Java annotations, and how are they used in frameworks like Spring? Annotations provide metadata to classes, methods, and fields. @Override, @Deprecated, and @SuppressWarnings are common built-in ...read more
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Java annotations provide metadata to classes, methods, and fields, improving code readability and maintainability.
• Annotations like @Override, @Deprecated, and @SuppressWarnings provide information about the code to developers and tools.

• Spring framework uses annotations like @Component, @Service, and @Autowired for dependency injection, reducing the need for XML configurations.

• Custom annotations can be created using @in...read more
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Q15. How do Java Streams handle parallel processing, and what are its pitfalls? Parallel streams divide data into multiple threads for faster processing. The ForkJoin framework handles parallel execution inter...read more
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Java Streams handle parallel processing by dividing data into multiple threads using the ForkJoin framework. Pitfalls include race conditions, order-sensitive operations, and debugging challenges.
• Parallel streams divide data into multiple threads for faster processing

• ForkJoin framework handles parallel execution internally

• Useful for CPU-intensive tasks but may not improve performance for small datasets

• Shared mutable st...read more
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Standard quantitative questions accompanied by logical reasoning and related topics.

Q1. Asked about my projects.
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Q2. What are the basic Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, including polymorphism and inheritance?
Ans. 
OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction: Hides complex implementation details and only shows the necessa
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Q3. Can you explain React, how it functions, and the related concepts?
Ans. 
React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
• React allows developers to create reusable UI components.

• It uses a virtual DOM for efficient rendering.

• React uses a declarative approach to define how the UI should look based on the application state.

• It supports server-side rendering for improved performance.

• React can be used with other libraries like Redux for state management.
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Q4. About my final year project and how would you improve it?
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Q1. Can you introduce yourself and provide some information about your family?
Ans. 
I am a software engineer with a passion for coding and problem-solving. I come from a close-knit family with supportive parents and siblings.
• Software engineer with coding and problem-solving skills

• Close-knit family with supportive parents and siblings
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Q2. What are your strengths and weaknesses, and how are you addressing your weaknesses?
Ans. 
My strengths include problem-solving and teamwork, while my weaknesses are time management and public speaking. I am addressing my weaknesses by taking time management courses and practicing public speaking.
• Strengths: problem-solving, teamwork

• Weaknesses: time management, public speaking

• Addressing weaknesses: taking time management courses, practicing public speaking
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Q1. Technical questions regarding Salesforce
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Q2. Technical questions regarding Salesforce
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Q1. Salary discussion
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Q2. Salary discussion
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Q1. Can you tell me about yourself?
Ans. 
I am a passionate software engineer with 5 years of experience in developing web applications using various technologies.
• 5 years of experience in software development

• Proficient in developing web applications

• Skilled in using various technologies

• Passionate about software engineering
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Q2. Can you explain one of the projects you completed during the academic year?
Ans. 
Developed a web-based student management system for tracking attendance and grades.
• Used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for front-end development.

• Implemented backend functionality using PHP and MySQL database.

• Incorporated user authentication and authorization features for secure access.

• Tested the system thoroughly to ensure functionality and user-friendliness.
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Q3. What were some of the fundamental concepts of Artificial Intelligence that the interviewer inquired about during your interview as a Computer Science and Engineering - Artificial Intelligence and Machine L...read more
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Q4. What were your Achievements in the graduation years
Ans. 
Graduated with honors, completed multiple internships, and won coding competitions
• Graduated with honors in Computer Science

• Completed internships at XYZ Company and ABC Corporation

• Won first place in coding competition at university hackathon
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Q1. Asked about technical expertise and topic related question
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Q2. Notice period and salary discussion
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Q1. Technical in depth
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Q2. Salary discussion
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Q1. Notice period and salary discussion
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A wide range of questions were asked including concepts like logical reasoning, CN, DBMS, SQL, OS, Data structures followed by very basic coding questions.

Q1. Introduce yourself with your academic details
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Q2. Elaborate your projects
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Q3. What is SDLC and elaborate it?
Ans. 
SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, which is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.
• SDLC is a systematic process for building software applications.

• It consists of several phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables.

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfa...read more
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Q4. Some scenario and logic based questions along with technical were asked
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Q1. What do you know about LTIMindtree?
Ans. 
LTIMindtree is a global technology consulting and services company specializing in digital transformation and IT services.
• LTIMindtree was formed through the merger of LTI (Larsen & Toubro Infotech) and Mindtree in 2019.

• It offers services in areas such as cloud computing, data analytics, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence.

• LTIMindtree serves clients in various industries including banking, healthcare, retail, and...read more
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Q2. Why should we take you?
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Q3. Where do you see yourself in next 5-10 years?
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