Alstom Transportation Network Security Specialist Interview Questions and Answers

OSI and TCP model are networking models that define how data is transmitted over a network. OSPF is a routing protocol used in networking.

• OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

• TCP model has 4 layers: Process/Application, Host-to-Host, Internet, Network Access

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to determine the best path for data packets...read more

Protocols are a set of rules that govern the communication between devices in a network.

• Protocols define the format and order of messages exchanged between devices.

• They ensure reliable and efficient communication by specifying how data is transmitted and received.

• Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, DNS, and SMTP.

DORA process is the acronym for Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge. It is a DHCP process used to assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

• Discover: The client sends a broadcast message to find available DHCP servers.

• Offer: The DHCP server responds with an IP address offer to the client.

• Request: The client requests the offered IP address from the DHCP server.

• Acknowledge: The DHCP server acknowledges the client

VLAN switching is the process of forwarding network traffic based on VLAN membership.

• VLAN switching allows for network segmentation and improved network performance.

• Switches use VLAN tags to identify and forward traffic to the appropriate VLAN.

• VLAN switching can be configured using either static or dynamic VLANs.

• Examples of VLAN switching protocols include IEEE 802.1Q and ISL.

• VLAN switching can also be used to implemen...read more

Routing process is the method of selecting the best path for data to travel from source to destination.

• Routing process involves analyzing the network topology and selecting the best path based on various metrics such as hop count, bandwidth, delay, and cost.

• Routing protocols such as OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP are used to exchange routing information between routers.

• Routing tables are used to store the information about the n...read more

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a process that allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address.

• NAT translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses and vice versa.

• It helps conserve public IP addresses and provides security by hiding internal network details.

• NAT can be implemented using different methods such as Static NAT, Dynamic NAT, and PAT (Port Address Translation).

• Example: When a user with ...read more

Routing configuration is the process of setting up and managing the paths that network traffic takes between devices.

• Routing configuration involves configuring routing protocols, such as OSPF or BGP, on network devices.

• It also involves setting up static routes and defining network topologies.

• Routing configuration is important for ensuring efficient and reliable network communication.

• Examples of routing configuration to

OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system.

• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.

• It has 7 layers, each with a specific function.

• The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer communicates with the layer above and below it.

• The model helps ensure interoperabilit...read more