10+ Trafag Controls Interview Questions and Answers

Dynamic memory allocation in C allows for allocating memory at runtime. Memory map in C shows how memory is organized. Structures and unions are used to group related data.

• Dynamic memory allocation in C is done using functions like malloc(), calloc(), realloc().

• Memory map in C shows the layout of memory segments like stack, heap, data, and code.

• Structures in C allow grouping related data under a single name. Example: struct Person { char name[50]; int age; };

• Unions in C allow...read more

Classification performance metrics evaluate the performance of a machine learning model in predicting categorical outcomes.

• ROC-AUC curve measures the tradeoff between true positive rate and false positive rate at various thresholds.

• Precision-Recall tradeoff involves balancing the precision and recall of a model. Higher precision typically means lower recall and vice versa.

• There will be no tradeoff in Precision-Recall when the model achieves perfect precision and recall simult...read more

A linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence. Adding, deleting, and traversing a linked list involves manipulating these pointers.

• Linked list: a data structure where each element (node) has a reference to the next element

• Add to linked list: create a new node and update the pointer of the last node to point to the new node

• Delete from linked list: update the pointer of the previous node to skip the node to be deleted

• Traverse li...read more

A Heap is a binary tree data structure where the key at each node is greater than or equal to the keys at its children.

• Create a class for Heap with methods like insert, delete, and heapify.

• Use a list to store the elements of the heap.

• Implement the heapify function to maintain the heap property after insertions and deletions.

Uniform weights in neural network can lead to overfitting and slow learning.

• Uniform weights can cause all neurons to behave similarly, leading to redundancy and lack of diversity.

• It can also cause overfitting, where the network becomes too specialized to the training data and performs poorly on new data.

• Non-uniform weights allow the network to learn more efficiently and effectively by assigning different importance to different features.

• For example, in image recognition, edge...read more

Implement stack using list in Python

• Create a list to store the elements of the stack

• Use append() to push elements onto the stack

• Use pop() to remove elements from the stack

Use Python's built-in 'in' keyword to find an element in an array of strings.

• Iterate through the array and check if the element is present using 'in' keyword.

• Return True if element is found, False otherwise.

• Example: array = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], element = 'banana', return True.

Overfitting is when a model is too complex and fits the training data too well, while underfitting is when a model is too simple and cannot capture the underlying patterns in the data.

• Overfitting occurs when a model is trained too well on the training data and cannot generalize well to new data

• Underfitting occurs when a model is too simple and cannot capture the underlying patterns in the data

• Overfitting can be detected by comparing the performance of the model on the trainin...read more

A singly linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the list.

• Each element in a singly linked list contains a value and a pointer to the next element.

• Traversal in a singly linked list is done sequentially from the head to the tail.

• Insertion and deletion operations are efficient in a singly linked list compared to an array.

The famous street food of Mumbai is Vada Pav.

• Vada Pav is a vegetarian fast food consisting of a potato fritter served on a bread bun.

• It is often served with chutney and fried green chillies.

• It is a popular snack among Mumbaikars and is available at almost every street corner.

• Other popular street foods in Mumbai include Pav Bhaji, Bhel Puri, and Sev Puri.

The capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires.

• Buenos Aires is the largest city in Argentina and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America.

• It is known for its European-style architecture, tango dancing, and delicious food.

• The city is home to many cultural landmarks, including the Teatro Colon, the Obelisk, and the Recoleta Cemetery.