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Blocking and non-blocking are two types of assignments in Verilog that differ in their execution order and timing.
Blocking assignments execute in a sequential order and the next statement waits for the current statement to complete before executing.
Non-blocking assignments execute concurrently and the next statement does not wait for the current statement to complete before executing.
Blocking assignments are used for c...
Reset is a signal used to initialize the system or a specific module.
Reset is used to bring the system or module to a known state.
It is an asynchronous signal that overrides all other signals.
There are different types of resets such as power-on reset, soft reset, hard reset, etc.
Reset can be active high or active low depending on the design.
Reset can be generated internally or externally.
Reset can be used to clear regi
Task and function are both subprograms in Verilog/SystemVerilog, but task is used for procedural blocks and function is used for expressions.
Task is used for procedural blocks and can contain delays and event control statements.
Function is used for expressions and cannot contain delays or event control statements.
Functions can return a value, while tasks cannot.
Functions can be called from within tasks or other functio...
RAM and FIFO are essential components in FPGA design. Here's how to write code for them.
For RAM, define the memory size and data width, then instantiate the memory module and write/read data using the address bus and data bus.
For FIFO, define the depth and data width, then instantiate the FIFO module and write/read data using the write and read pointers.
Use synchronous or asynchronous reset signals to initialize the RA...
Code for read and write file
Use fopen() function to open a file
Use fprintf() function to write to a file
Use fscanf() function to read from a file
Close the file using fclose() function
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I applied via Indeed and was interviewed in Oct 2023. There were 2 interview rounds.
Timers are used to measure time intervals, while counters are used to count events or occurrences.
Timers are typically used for generating delays, measuring time intervals, or triggering events at specific times.
Counters are used to count external events, such as pulses or interrupts.
Timers can be used to implement software delays, while counters can be used for tasks like frequency measurement.
Examples: A timer can be...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Aug 2023. There was 1 interview round.
Microprocessor is a standalone CPU while microcontroller has CPU, memory, and peripherals on a single chip.
Microprocessor is used in applications where processing power is the main requirement, like computers.
Microcontroller is used in embedded systems where space, power, and cost are constraints, like in IoT devices.
Microprocessors require external components like memory and peripherals, while microcontrollers have th...
Stack memory in microcontrollers is used for storing local variables, function parameters, return addresses, and other temporary data during program execution.
Stack memory is a limited resource in microcontrollers and is typically smaller than heap memory.
Stack memory is managed automatically by the compiler and is organized as a LIFO (Last In, First Out) data structure.
Accessing stack memory is faster than accessing h...
Static keyword is used to declare variables and functions that are only accessible within the file they are declared in.
Static variables retain their value between function calls
Static functions can only be called within the file they are declared in
Static variables in functions are initialized only once
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Aug 2023. There was 1 interview round.
DRAM is volatile memory that stores data temporarily, while SRAM is faster and more expensive but retains data as long as power is supplied.
DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory, while SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory.
DRAM requires refreshing to retain data, while SRAM does not.
DRAM is slower and less expensive than SRAM.
Examples of DRAM include DDR3 and DDR4, while examples of SRAM include L1, L2, an
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
Pointers are used to access and manipulate memory directly.
They are often used in programming languages like C and C++.
Example: int *ptr; // declares a pointer to an integer variable
Stack is a data structure that follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle, used for storing temporary data in a program.
Stack is a linear data structure with two main operations: push (adds data) and pop (removes data).
Example: function call stack in programming languages like C, where function calls are added and removed in a LIFO manner.
Stack memory is used for local variables and function call management.
Stack overf...
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed in Aug 2023. There were 4 interview rounds.
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VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration, it involves designing and fabricating integrated circuits with millions of transistors.
VLSI involves designing and fabricating integrated circuits with millions of transistors on a single chip.
It allows for the creation of complex electronic systems in a small physical space.
VLSI technology is used in various electronic devices such as smartphones, computers, and automotive
I applied via Recruitment Consulltant and was interviewed in Jul 2022. There were 2 interview rounds.
Basic c datastructucture networking l2 l3 questions
Packets are sent from source to destination through a series of network devices using routing protocols.
Packet is created at the source with source and destination IP addresses.
Packet is sent to the default gateway or router.
Router checks its routing table to determine the next hop for the packet.
Packet is forwarded to the next hop until it reaches the destination.
Destination receives the packet and sends an acknowledg
To delete a node from a single linked list, we need to find the node and update the pointers.
Traverse the list to find the node to be deleted
Update the previous node's pointer to point to the next node
Free the memory of the node to be deleted
Dynamic memory allocation in C allows allocation of memory at runtime.
Dynamic memory allocation is done using functions like malloc(), calloc(), realloc() and free().
malloc() allocates memory block of specified size and returns a pointer to the first byte of allocated memory.
calloc() allocates memory block of specified size and initializes all bits to zero.
realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory block...
Interprocess communication is a mechanism that allows processes to communicate with each other in an OS.
IPC mechanisms include pipes, sockets, message queues, shared memory, and signals.
IPC can be used for synchronization, data sharing, and coordination between processes.
IPC can be implemented using system calls such as fork(), pipe(), socket(), and msgget().
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Nov 2022. There were 4 interview rounds.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Feb 2022. There were 2 interview rounds.
Explanation of various analog layout design concepts including latch up, lod, antenna effect, wpe, shielding, short channel effects, finfet structure, and matching types.
Latch up is a phenomenon where a parasitic thyristor is formed in a CMOS circuit, causing a high current flow and potentially damaging the circuit.
LOD (Latch-up due to Overvoltage) occurs when the voltage on the power supply pins exceeds the maximum al...
Storage classes in C are used to define the scope and lifetime of variables.
There are four storage classes in C: auto, register, static, and extern.
Auto variables are local to a block and have automatic storage duration.
Register variables are stored in CPU registers for faster access.
Static variables have a lifetime throughout the program and are initialized only once.
Extern variables are declared outside of any functi
Memory allocation in C is done using malloc(), calloc(), realloc() and free() functions.
malloc() function is used to allocate memory dynamically.
calloc() function is used to allocate memory and initialize it to zero.
realloc() function is used to reallocate memory dynamically.
free() function is used to deallocate memory previously allocated by malloc(), calloc() or realloc().
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