50+ Junior Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Angle projection methods are used in engineering to represent 3D objects on a 2D plane. There are two main types of projection methods: orthographic and perspective.

• Orthographic projection method shows the object as it looks from the front, top, and side views without any perspective distortion.

• Perspective projection method creates a more realistic representation of the object by accounting for perspective distortion.

• Examples of orthographic projection include first angle pro...read more

I have designed various products using SolidWorks and AutoCAD, including a robotic arm and a 3D-printed phone stand.

• Designed a robotic arm using SolidWorks for a university project

• Created a 3D-printed phone stand using AutoCAD for personal use

• Utilized SolidWorks and AutoCAD for various other design projects

The question covers topics related to electric motors, load distribution, and materials.

• Types of electric motors include DC motors, AC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors.

• Electric motors work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

• Load distribution in structures is important for ensuring structural stability and safety.

• Materials commonly used in engineering include metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites.

• Applications of materials vary depending on their propert...read more

Geostationary orbit is a fixed position in space while a resupply station is a location for refueling and restocking supplies.

• Geostationary orbit is a circular orbit around the Earth at the same speed as the Earth's rotation, allowing a satellite to remain in a fixed position relative to the Earth's surface.

• A resupply station is a location where spacecraft can refuel and restock supplies, such as the International Space Station.

• Geostationary orbits are used for communication ...read more

There are 14 GD&T symbols.

• GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing.

• The 14 symbols include: straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, profile of a line, profile of a surface, angularity, perpendicularity, parallelism, position, concentricity, symmetry, and runout.

• These symbols are used to specify the allowable variation in form and size of features on a part.

• GD&T is commonly used in engineering and manufacturing industries.

Yes, I have experience working with design software such as AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and Adobe Creative Suite.

• Proficient in AutoCAD for 2D drafting and SolidWorks for 3D modeling

• Experience using Adobe Creative Suite for graphic design projects

• Familiar with other design software tools like SketchUp and Fusion 360

The 'STYLE' command in AutoCAD allows users to access font styling options.

• The 'STYLE' command in AutoCAD allows users to create, modify, and manage text styles.

• Users can specify font type, size, and other text formatting options using the 'STYLE' command.

• Examples of font styling options include Arial, Times New Roman, bold, italic, etc.

2nd and 3rd angle projection are methods of representing a 3D object on a 2D surface.

• 2nd angle projection is commonly used in Europe and Asia, while 3rd angle projection is used in North America.

• In 2nd angle projection, the object is viewed from the opposite side of the viewing plane compared to 3rd angle projection.

• In 3rd angle projection, the object is placed in the third quadrant, while in 2nd angle projection, it is placed in the fourth quadrant.

• 2nd angle projection is mo...read more

I am familiar with various CAD software programs.

• AutoCAD

• SolidWorks

• CATIA

• Inventor

• Pro/ENGINEER

• NX

• Creo

• Revit

Designing a wrench involves determining the size, shape, material, and functionality based on the intended use.

• Identify the purpose of the wrench (e.g. for automotive, plumbing, or construction)

• Determine the appropriate size and shape of the wrench based on the target fasteners

• Select the material for the wrench based on strength and durability requirements

• Consider additional features such as adjustable jaws or ergonomic handles for user comfort

• Create prototypes for testing an...read more

I have designed a prototype for a solar-powered water pump.

• Designed a solar-powered water pump prototype

• Researched and selected appropriate materials and components

• Created 3D models using CAD software

• Performed simulations and calculations to optimize pump efficiency

• Collaborated with a team of engineers to test and refine the design

3D concrete printing is a construction technology that uses 3D printers to create structures out of concrete.

• 3D concrete printing is a form of additive manufacturing that allows for the creation of complex shapes and structures.

• It is being used in the construction industry to build houses, bridges, and other infrastructure.

• This technology can help reduce construction time and waste, as well as enable more sustainable building practices.

• Examples of companies involved in 3D con...read more

Yes, GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.

• GD&T is a system used in engineering to define and communicate tolerances for manufacturing and inspection.

• It uses symbols, such as concentricity, flatness, and perpendicularity, to specify geometric characteristics of parts.

• GD&T helps ensure that parts are manufactured and inspected accurately, leading to better quality and consistency in production.

• It ...read more

Telecom networking refers to the technology and infrastructure used to transmit and receive voice, data, and video communications over long distances.

• Telecom networking involves the use of various technologies such as fiber optics, wireless communication, and satellite communication.

• It includes the design, installation, and maintenance of network infrastructure such as switches, routers, and servers.

• Telecom networking is essential for various industries such as telecommunicat...read more

GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. It is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.

• GD&T is a symbolic language used on engineering drawings to specify the allowable variations in form, size, and orientation of features.

• It uses symbols, such as squares, circles, and triangles, to define the tolerance zones for features.

• GD&T helps ensure that parts are manufactured to the correct dimensions and fit together properly.

• It is commonly used ...read more

Different types of valves are selected based on the specific application requirements and material compatibility is crucial in the Bill of Material.

• Different types of valves include ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves.

• Valve material selection is based on factors such as fluid compatibility, pressure and temperature requirements, and corrosion resistance.

• Common materials for valves include stainless steel, brass, bronze, and PVC.

• Valve material selectio...read more

Roller and bearing are components used in machinery to reduce friction and facilitate movement. I beam is a type of structural beam with an I-shaped cross-section.

• Roller: cylindrical component used to reduce friction and facilitate movement in machinery

• Bearing: component that supports and guides moving parts, reducing friction

• I beam: type of structural beam with an I-shaped cross-section, commonly used in construction

Valve types include ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves.

• Ball valves: used for on/off control without pressure drop

• Gate valves: used for full flow or no flow applications

• Globe valves: used for regulating flow in pipelines

• Butterfly valves: used for throttling flow in large pipelines

The interviewer wants to test your proficiency in using Auto Cad tool by asking you to draw a diagram within a given time.

• Familiarize yourself with the Auto Cad tool before the interview.

• Practice drawing diagrams within a given time to improve your speed.

• Pay attention to the details and accuracy of the diagram.

• Communicate with the interviewer if you have any questions or concerns.

• Stay calm and focused during the test.

Errors in engineering drawings can lead to misinterpretation and mistakes, while improvements can enhance clarity and accuracy.

• Errors in engineering drawings can include incorrect dimensions, missing views, unclear symbols, and inconsistent labeling.

• Improvements can be made by ensuring all dimensions are clearly labeled, using standardized symbols, providing multiple views for clarity, and maintaining consistency throughout the drawing.

• Examples of errors include missing toler...read more

Inputs needed for design include requirements, constraints, user needs, budget, timeline, materials, and feedback.

• Requirements from stakeholders

• Constraints such as budget and timeline

• User needs and preferences

• Materials and resources available

• Feedback from testing and iterations

Stress-strain curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between stress and strain in a material during a mechanical test.

• Stress-strain curve shows how a material deforms under load.

• It consists of elastic, plastic, and fracture regions.

• Heat treatment process involves heating and cooling a material to alter its properties.

• Heat treatment can change the microstructure of a material, affecting its mechanical properties.

• Examples of heat treatment processes include ann...read more

P&ID shows detailed piping and instrumentation information, while PFD shows overall process flow.

• P&ID includes detailed information on piping, valves, instruments, and equipment in a process system.

• PFD provides an overview of the entire process flow, showing major equipment and key control loops.

• P&ID is used for detailed design, construction, and maintenance of a process system.

• PFD is used for understanding the overall process flow and identifying major equipment and control ...read more

Mechanical measurements involve physical quantities while electrical measurements involve electrical quantities.

• Mechanical measurements involve length, mass, force, pressure, etc. while electrical measurements involve voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, etc.

• Mechanical measurements are usually done using instruments like rulers, calipers, micrometers, etc. while electrical measurements are done using instruments like multimeters, oscilloscopes, etc.

• Mechanical measuremen...read more

Valve is a device that regulates, directs, or controls the flow of a fluid (such as gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.

• Valves are commonly used in plumbing, irrigation, industrial, and automotive applications.

• There are different types of valves such as ball valves, gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves.

• Valves can be manual or automatic, depending on the application.

• Valves play a crucial ro...read more

Main beam and secondary beam are structural elements used in construction to support loads and transfer them to the foundation.

• Main beam is the primary horizontal beam that carries the load directly to the columns or walls.

• Secondary beam is a beam that is supported by the main beam and helps distribute the load evenly.

• Main beams are typically larger and stronger than secondary beams.

• Examples: In a building, main beams are usually the beams that run along the length of the str...read more

Reynold's Number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict fluid flow patterns and turbulence.

• It is used to determine whether a fluid flow is laminar or turbulent.

• It is calculated using the fluid velocity, density, viscosity, and characteristic length.

• A high Reynold's Number indicates turbulent flow, while a low number indicates laminar flow.

• It is named after Osborne Reynolds, a British engineer who first described the phenomenon.

• Reynold's Number is important in many engine...read more

Bernoulli's equation relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid in a closed system.

• Describes the conservation of energy in a fluid system

• States that as the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases

• Used in fluid dynamics to calculate flow rates and pressure drops

• Examples include airplane wings and water flow in pipes

GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, a system used to define and communicate engineering tolerances.

• GD&T is a set of symbols and rules used to specify the allowable variation in form, size, orientation, and location of features on a part

• It ensures that parts fit together correctly and function as intended

• GD&T is commonly used in manufacturing, engineering, and design industries

• Examples of GD&T symbols include concentricity, perpendicularity, and position

• GD&...read more

Mylar is used in BIW for its high tensile strength, durability, and resistance to heat and chemicals.

• Mylar is a type of polyester film that is commonly used in the automotive industry for Body-in-White (BIW) applications.

• It is used as a protective layer for car bodies, providing a barrier against moisture, dust, and other contaminants.

• Mylar is also used as a reinforcement material in composite structures, due to its high tensile strength and durability.

• It is resistant to heat...read more

GD&T symbols are used to communicate design specifications and tolerances in engineering drawings.

• GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

• Symbols include concentricity, perpendicularity, flatness, and more

• Each symbol has a specific meaning and is used to communicate design requirements

• GD&T helps ensure that parts are manufactured to the correct specifications

• Examples of GD&T symbols can be found in ASME Y14.5 standards

Stress-strain diagram shows the relationship between stress (force applied) and strain (resulting deformation) in a material.

• Stress is the force applied to a material, while strain is the resulting deformation.

• The diagram typically shows a linear elastic region, followed by a yield point, plastic deformation, and ultimately failure.

• Materials can exhibit different behaviors on the diagram, such as brittle, ductile, or elastic.

• The slope of the linear region is the Young's Modul...read more

Car parts are components that make up a vehicle, including the engine, transmission, wheels, and brakes.

• Engine

• Transmission

• Wheels

• Brakes

• Suspension

• Exhaust system

• Fuel tank

• Radiator

• Battery

• Alternator

Geometric tolerance is a set of symbols used to define the allowable variations in form, size, and orientation of features on a part.

• Geometric tolerance ensures that parts are manufactured within specified limits to ensure proper fit and function.

• It includes symbols such as concentricity, perpendicularity, parallelism, and flatness to communicate the required tolerances.

• For example, a drawing may specify a hole diameter with a positional tolerance to ensure proper alignment w...read more

Solidworks is a powerful tool for 3D modelling and drafting.

• Solidworks is a CAD software used for creating 3D models and 2D drawings.

• It has a user-friendly interface and a wide range of tools for designing complex parts and assemblies.

• Solidworks allows for easy modification and updating of designs.

• It also has features for simulation and analysis of designs.

• Examples of Solidworks applications include mechanical, electrical, and architectural design.

Reverse engineering is the process of analyzing a product to determine how it was designed and how it functions.

• Reverse engineering involves taking apart a product to understand its components and how they work together.

• This process can be used to create a replica of the original product or to improve upon its design.

• Reverse engineering is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics.

• Examples of reverse engineering include disassembling a car eng...read more

GD&T is a system of symbols and rules used in engineering drawings to specify the allowable variations in form and size of features.

• GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

• It is used to communicate design intent and ensure parts are manufactured correctly

• It includes symbols and rules for specifying tolerances on dimensions, angles, and other geometric features

• Examples of GD&T symbols include concentricity, perpendicularity, and position

• GD&T is important for ensu...read more

Connect 9 dots with 4 lines

• Think outside the box

• Lines can go beyond the dots

• Use diagonals

• Create a square

The communication scale for a company environment refers to the effectiveness and efficiency of communication within the organization.

• Communication scale measures the clarity, frequency, and timeliness of communication.

• It assesses the channels used for communication, such as emails, meetings, and collaboration tools.

• Examples of communication scale indicators include response time, meeting attendance, and feedback received.

• A high communication scale indicates strong communicat...read more

Autocad tool test is a process to evaluate the proficiency of a candidate in using Autocad software.

• The test may include tasks such as creating 2D and 3D drawings, using various tools and commands, and applying dimensions and annotations.

• The candidate may also be evaluated on their ability to troubleshoot errors and optimize their workflow.

• Examples of tasks may include creating a floor plan, designing a mechanical part, or creating a rendering of a building.

• The test may be ti...read more

AutoCAD tool test

• Familiarity with AutoCAD interface and tools

• Ability to create and edit 2D and 3D drawings

• Knowledge of layer management and dimensioning

• Experience with AutoCAD add-ons and plugins

• Efficient use of keyboard shortcuts and commands

Filter settings required to optimize performance and accuracy of design engineering tasks.

• Consider the type of data being processed and the desired outcome

• Adjust filter settings based on the specific requirements of the project

• Test different filter settings to determine the most effective configuration

Control valves are used to regulate the flow, pressure, temperature, or level of a fluid in a process system.

• Control flow rate in pipelines

• Regulate pressure in a system

• Control temperature in a heat exchanger

• Maintain level in a tank

• Used in industries like oil & gas, chemical, water treatment

Control valves are used to regulate the flow of fluids in a system by varying the size of the flow passage.

• Control valves are essential components in process control systems.

• They can be used to control flow rate, pressure, temperature, or liquid level.

• Control valves can be operated manually, pneumatically, electrically, or hydraulically.

• Examples include globe valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, and diaphragm valves.

GD&T symbol stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.

• GD&T symbols are used to specify the allowable variations in form, size, and orientation of features on a part.

• Examples of GD&T symbols include concentricity, perpendicularity, and flatness.

• GD&T helps ensure that parts fit together properly and function as intended.

• It is commonly used in engineering drawings and manufacturing processes.

SolidWorks is a 3D CAD software used for designing and modeling mechanical components and assemblies.

• SolidWorks is a popular 3D CAD software used in engineering for designing mechanical components and assemblies.

• It allows users to create 3D models, simulate motion, and generate 2D drawings.

• SolidWorks is known for its user-friendly interface and powerful features like parametric modeling and assembly design.

• Proficiency in SolidWorks is essential for design engineers working in...read more

GD&T symbols are used in engineering to communicate design specifications and tolerances.

• GD&T symbols are used to specify geometric dimensions and tolerances on engineering drawings.

• They help ensure that parts are manufactured to the correct dimensions and fit together properly.

• Examples of GD&T symbols include concentricity, perpendicularity, and flatness.

• GD&T symbols are often used in conjunction with traditional dimensions to provide a more complete specification.